Dendrochronological Assessment of the Easton Glacier's Terminus Position Over the Last 150 Years PDF Download
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Author: Monica A. Villegas
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Baker, Mount (Wash.)
Languages : en
Pages : 188
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Book Description
The Easton glacier on Mt. Baker, Washington has been the focus of several studies looking at ecological succession, glacier recession, and glacier mass balance. Several of these studies have noted a gap in the literature regarding the Easton glaciers terminus position in the early twentieth century. This study has refined the glacier's terminus position by using dendrochronological methods and identified the latest Little Ice Age end moraines. A chronology of the Easton glaciers terminus position overtime was created showing its recession and advancement since 1879. The rates of recession and advancement were calculated during this time highlighting the unpredictable behavior of glacial systems. By 1956, the Easton glacier had retreated a total of 2,708 meters since 1879. Between 1879 and 1910 the glacier retreated slowly, followed by a 25 year period of rapid retreat where the glacier retreated 1.87 kilometers. The retreat slowed until 1956, when the glacier began a period of advancement. Since 1990 the glacier has been in retreat, which has accelerated over the last few years. This study has also determined ecesis, the interval between deglaciation to vegetation establishment. Ecesis is about 9 years at the bottom of the foreland and 27-28 years at the top of the foreland. This trend of longer ecesis intervals at higher elevations reflects the colder conditions, poorer soil conditions and larger distance from seed sources compared to lower elevations. The findings from this study are only estimates but can still be used to inform on the Easton glaciers response to climate change and other environmental factors.
Author: Monica A. Villegas
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Baker, Mount (Wash.)
Languages : en
Pages : 188
Get Book Here
Book Description
The Easton glacier on Mt. Baker, Washington has been the focus of several studies looking at ecological succession, glacier recession, and glacier mass balance. Several of these studies have noted a gap in the literature regarding the Easton glaciers terminus position in the early twentieth century. This study has refined the glacier's terminus position by using dendrochronological methods and identified the latest Little Ice Age end moraines. A chronology of the Easton glaciers terminus position overtime was created showing its recession and advancement since 1879. The rates of recession and advancement were calculated during this time highlighting the unpredictable behavior of glacial systems. By 1956, the Easton glacier had retreated a total of 2,708 meters since 1879. Between 1879 and 1910 the glacier retreated slowly, followed by a 25 year period of rapid retreat where the glacier retreated 1.87 kilometers. The retreat slowed until 1956, when the glacier began a period of advancement. Since 1990 the glacier has been in retreat, which has accelerated over the last few years. This study has also determined ecesis, the interval between deglaciation to vegetation establishment. Ecesis is about 9 years at the bottom of the foreland and 27-28 years at the top of the foreland. This trend of longer ecesis intervals at higher elevations reflects the colder conditions, poorer soil conditions and larger distance from seed sources compared to lower elevations. The findings from this study are only estimates but can still be used to inform on the Easton glaciers response to climate change and other environmental factors.
Author: Julie Koppel Maldonado
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319052667
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 178
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Book Description
With a long history and deep connection to the Earth’s resources, indigenous peoples have an intimate understanding and ability to observe the impacts linked to climate change. Traditional ecological knowledge and tribal experience play a key role in developing future scientific solutions for adaptation to the impacts. The book explores climate-related issues for indigenous communities in the United States, including loss of traditional knowledge, forests and ecosystems, food security and traditional foods, as well as water, Arctic sea ice loss, permafrost thaw and relocation. The book also highlights how tribal communities and programs are responding to the changing environments. Fifty authors from tribal communities, academia, government agencies and NGOs contributed to the book. Previously published in Climatic Change, Volume 120, Issue 3, 2013.
Author: Christian Pfister
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401592594
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 352
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Book Description
A multidecadal cooling is known to have occurred in Europe in the final decades of the sixteenth-century. It is still open to debate as to what might have caused the underlying shifts in atmospheric circulation and how these changes affected societies. This book is the fruit of interdisciplinary cooperation among 37 scientists including climatologists, hydrologists, glaciologists, dendroclimatologists, and economic and cultural historians. The known documentary climatic evidence from six European countries is compared to results of tree-ring studies. Seasonal temperature and precipitation are estimated from this data and monthly mean surface pressure patterns in the European area are reconstructed for outstanding anomalies. Results are compared to fluctuations of Alpine glaciers and to changes in the frequency of severe floods and coastal storms. Moreover, the impact of climate change on grain prices and wine production is assessed. Finally, it is convincingly argued that witches at that time were burnt as scapegoats for climatic change.
Author: M. Ingrouille
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401112320
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 363
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Book Description
The native British flora is today relatively ant species on the continent, such as Picea impoverished. Today the British Isles has a abies (Norway spruce), did not get into Britain flora of only about 1500 species of native in time. However, we must not over flowering plants. France and Spain, each emphasize the importance of Britain being an geographically only about twice the area, island. A comparison of floras on either side have 3-4 times as many species each. The of the English Channel shows that there are comparison is more marked when consider species present in England and not in ing the endemic species, those specialities of northern France as well as vice versa. Many each geographical region which grow of the species present in northern France but nowhere else. If only normal sexual species absent from England are weeds adapted to are considered, then there are only about 13 French agriculture. Others may be limited endemic species in the British Isles while 1000 not by the sea but by the climate. species are endemic to Spain. Nevertheless, the example of Ireland, However, the poverty of the British flora is which was isolated much earlier than the rest not a unique phenomenon. The whole of of the British Isles, does show the effect of north-western Europe, an area including isolation because it does have a much poorer northern France and much of Germany and flora and fauna.
Author: Don Rittner
Publisher: Infobase Publishing
ISBN: 1438109997
Category : Biology
Languages : en
Pages : 417
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Book Description
Contains approximately 800 alphabetical entries, prose essays on important topics, line illustrations, and black-and-white photographs.
Author: Michael Hambrey
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9781857280043
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 306
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Book Description
Enhanced by photographic illustrations of extraordinary quality, this text should provide students with a complete introduction to the scientific study of environments dominated by snow and ice. Emphasizing the range of erosional and depositional landforms, drawing on the older geological record, according due attention to the marine environment, and covering all relevant parts of the world - this book should find a wide readership among students of geography, geology and environmental science.; The author has published many research papers and has also been joint-author, co-author or co-editor of six book-length publications.; This book is intended for undergraduate students of glacial environments geomorphology, glaciology/hydrology in departments of geography, environmental sciences and geology.
Author: A. Stokes
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401734690
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 411
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Book Description
This publication comprises the proceedings of the first International Conference devoted to the structural roots of trees and woody plants. 'The Supporting Roots - Structure and Function,' 20-24 July 1998, Bordeaux, France. The meeting was held under the auspices ofIUFRO WPS 2. 01. 13 'Root Physiology and Symbiosis,' and its aim was to bring together scientific researchers, foresters and arboriculturalists, to discuss current problems in structural root research and disseminate knowledge to an audience from a wide disciplinary background. For the first time in an international conference, emphasis was placed on presenting recent reseach in the field of tree anchorage mechanics and root biomechanics. The way in which tree stability can be affected by root system symmetry and architecture was addressed, as well as how movement during wind sway can influence the development and shape of woody roots. The role of different nursery and planting techniques was discussed, in relation to effects on root system form and development. Root response to different environmental stresses, including water, temperature, nutrient and mechanical stress was addressed in detail. The structure and function of woody roots was also considered at different levels, from coarse to fine roots, with several papers discussing the interaction between roots and the rhizosphere. One of the conference highlights was the presentation of new methods in root research, by a series of workshops held at LRBB-INRA, Pierroton, on the northern border of the Gascony forest.
Author: K. R. Reddy
Publisher: CABI
ISBN: 9780851997094
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 492
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Book Description
Annotation. Worldwide climatic changes have been raising concerns about potential changes to crop yields and production systems. Such concerns include the ability to accommodate these uncertain effects in order to ensure an adequate food supply for an increasing population. Written by leadinginternational experts, this book is the first comprehensive examination of the potential effects climate change, particularly green house gases, will have on agroecosystems. It also reviews the effects such systems have on climate change itself.
Author: Jonathan Benjamin
Publisher: Oxbow Books Limited
ISBN: 9781842174180
Category : Antiquities, Prehistoric
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Major events of human prehistory such as the post-glacial recolonization of Northern Europe and the spread of agriculture through the Mediterranean took place on landscapes that are now, at least partially, underwater. Large parts of this submerged terrain are accessible to divers and can be investigated archaeologically. Prehistoric underwater research has emerged in recent decades as a distinct sub-discipline, developing approaches and methodologies that can be applied in coastal regions worldwide. As a result there is growing awareness of the potential for underwater archaeology to transform our ideas about the course of prehistory. This volume examines existing practice and new developments in the field of submerged prehistoric landscape research. The 25 peer-reviewed contributions from leading authors cover the results of recent research on three continents and the application of methodologies and techniques for site discovery, investigation and interpretation.
Author: Udo Schickhoff
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030702383
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 665
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Book Description
This book compiles available knowledge of the response of mountain ecosystems to recent climate and land use change and intends to bridge the gap between science, policy and the community concerned. The chapters present key concepts, major drivers and key processes of mountain response, providing transdisciplinary orientation to mountain studies incorporating experiences of academics, community leaders and policy-makers from developed and less developed countries. The book chapters are arranged in two sections. The first section concerns the response processes of mountain environments to climate change. This section addresses climate change itself (past, current and future changes of temperature and precipitation) and its impacts on the cryosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and human-environment systems. The second section focuses on the response processes of mountain environments to land use/land cover change. The case studies address effects of changing agriculture and pastoralism, forest/water resources management and urbanization processes, landscape management, and biodiversity conservation. The book is designed as an interdisciplinary publication which critically evaluates developments in mountains of the world with contributions from both social and natural sciences.
