Demonstration of Successful X-ray Thomson Scattering Using Picosecond K-[alpha] X-ray Sources for the Characterization of Dense Heated Matter PDF Download
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Languages : en
Pages : 5
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We discuss the first successful K-[alpha] x-ray Thomson scattering experiment from solid density plasmas for use as a diagnostic in determining the temperature, density, and ionization state of warm dense matter with picosecond resolution. The development of this source as a diagnostic and stringent requirements for successful K-[alpha] x-ray Thomson scattering are addressed. Data for the experimental techniques described in this paper [1] suggest the capability of single shot characterization of warm dense matter and the ability to use this scattering source at future Free Electron Lasers (FEL) where comparable scattering signal levels are predicted.
![Demonstration of Successful X-ray Thomson Scattering Using Picosecond K-[alpha] X-ray Sources for the Characterization of Dense Heated Matter PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/NcpLAQAACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
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Languages : en
Pages : 5
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We discuss the first successful K-[alpha] x-ray Thomson scattering experiment from solid density plasmas for use as a diagnostic in determining the temperature, density, and ionization state of warm dense matter with picosecond resolution. The development of this source as a diagnostic and stringent requirements for successful K-[alpha] x-ray Thomson scattering are addressed. Data for the experimental techniques described in this paper [1] suggest the capability of single shot characterization of warm dense matter and the ability to use this scattering source at future Free Electron Lasers (FEL) where comparable scattering signal levels are predicted.
![K-[alpha] X-ray Thomson Scattering From Dense Plasmas PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/wl5InQAACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
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Languages : en
Pages : 9
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Spectrally resolved Thomson scattering using ultra-fast K-[alpha] x-rays has measured the compression and heating of shocked compressed matter. The evolution and coalescence of two shock waves traveling through a solid density LiH target were characterized by the elastic scattering component. The density and temperature at shock coalescence, 2.2 eV and 1.7 x 1023cm−3, were determined from the plasmon frequency shift and the relative intensity of the elastic and inelastic scattering features in the collective scattering regime. The observation of plasmon scattering at coalescence indicates a transition to the dense metallic state in LiH. The density and temperature regimes accessed in these experiments are relevant for inertial confinement fusion experiments and for the study of planetary formation.
![Ultrafast K-[alpha] X-ray Thomson Scattering from Shock Compressed Lithium Hydride PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/YhOQAQAACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
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Languages : en
Pages : 11
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Spectrally and temporally resolved x ray Thomson scattering using ultrafast Ti K-[alpha] x-rays has provided experimental validation for modeling of the compression and heating of shocked matter. The coalescence of two shocks launched into a solid density LiH target by a shaped 6 nanosecond heater beam was observed from rapid heating to temperatures of 2.2 eV, enabling tests of shock timing models. Here, the temperature evolution of the target at various times during shock progression was characterized from the intensity of the elastic scattering component. The observation of scattering from plasmons, electron plasma oscillations, at shock coalescence indicates a transition to a dense metallic plasma state in LiH. From the frequency shift of the measured plasmon feature the electron density was directly determined with high accuracy, providing a material compression of a factor of three times solid density. The quality of data achieved in these experiments demonstrates the capability for single-shot dynamic characterization of dense shock compressed matter. The conditions probed in this experiment are relevant for the study of the physics of planetary formation and to characterize inertial confinement fusion targets for experiments such as on the National Ignition Facility (NIF), LLNL.
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Languages : en
Pages : 11
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Collective x-ray Thomson scattering allows measuring plasmons, i.e electron plasma oscillations (Langmuir waves). This is manifest in the appearance of spectrally up- and down-shifted spectral features in addition to the Rayleigh signal. The ratio of the up- and down-shifted signals is directly related to detailed balance, allowing to determine the plasma temperature from first principles. The spectral shift of the plasmon signals is sensitive to temperature and electron density. We discuss the experimental considerations that have to be fulfilled to observe plasmon signals with x-ray Thomson scattering. As an example, we describe an experiment that used the Cl Ly-[alpha] x-ray line at 2.96 keV to measure collective Thomson scattering from solid beryllium, isochorically heated to 18 eV. Since temperature measurement based on detailed balance is based on first principles, this method is important to validate models that, for example, calculate the static ion-ion structure factor S{sub ii}(k).
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Languages : en
Pages : 7
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The experiment in this work was preformed at the Titan laser facility (S1) where a short pulse beam at a wavelength of 1053nm delivered up to 350J in 0.5 to 20 ps and a long pulse beam at 527nm, 2[omega] frequency provided energies up to 450J in 1 to 6 ns. Long pulse shaping in this experiment, similar to future capabilities at NIF, was primarily a 4ns long foot with an intensity of 1 x 1013 W/cm2, followed by a 2ns long peak with an intensity of 3 x 1013 W/cm2. A ≈ 600 um phase plate was used on the long pulse beam to moderate non-uniformities in the intensity profile. An illustration of the Thomson scattering setup for this experiment is provided in Fig. 1 of the main text. A nearly mono-energetic scattering source of [Delta]E/E ≈ 0.3% in the 4.5 keV Ti K-alpha line was produced via intense short-pulse laser irradiation of 1.9 x 3 x 0.01 mm Ti foils, creating energetic keV electrons in the process (S2, S3). The nearly isotropic source emission (S4) is produced in the cold solid density bulk of the foil from electron K shell ionization of neutral or weakly ionized atoms, with an emission size on the order of the laser focal spot. By optimizing the laser intensity and pulse width to 4.4 x 1016 W cm−2, a total of 2.3 x 1013 x-ray photons have been produced into 4[pi]. This value corresponds to a conversion efficiency of laser energy into Ti K-alpha x-ray energy of 5 x 10−5, see Fig. S1. These sources provide ≈10 ps x-ray pulses as measured experimentally (S5).
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Languages : en
Pages : 22
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Author: Kathrin Wünsch
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Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Ghulam Shabbir Naz
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Languages : en
Pages : 0
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The study of matter at near solid density and at temperatures of 1-10 eV is a great challenge to both experimentalists and theorists, because such matter exhibits internal energy density which is very high but insufficient to overpower the inter-atomic potentials. This form of matter, intermediate to condensed matter and plasmas, exists in many astrophysical systems. In this paper, we describe an experimental program to study solid-density matter heated to temperatures near 1 eV per atom with ultrafast pulses of x-rays. An intense, ultra-short laser pulse incident upon a thin foil produces a burst of K-[alpha] x-rays, which are used to flash heat an adjacent bulk sample. Optical interferometric probing of the sample with sub-ps time resolution allows us to measure its expansion into vacuum upon heating. K-[alpha] source target properties are optimized for irradiation of the adjacent sample. Initial results on K-[alpha] yields and heating of Al foils will be discussed.
