Author: Paul Vlaar
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 1848443005
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 351
Book Description
Paul Vlaar s book very creatively combines three rich streams of research dealing with economic exchanges; and, in doing so, provides readers with new and important insights on trust, contracts and inter-organizational relationships (IORs). This is cross-disciplinary research at its best. Focusing on the independent and interdependent roles of contracts and trust in value creation and in value capture in IORs, Vlaar relies on solid quantitative and qualitative data to support his arguments. This book is must reading for scholars, managers and policy makers who are interested in these topics. Peter Smith Ring, Loyola Marymount University, US Paul Vlaar s Contracts and Trust in Alliances is one of the most creative contributions to the alliance literature in a very long time. Vlaar s discussion is informed by an unusually deep knowledge of the literature, and significantly pushes the research frontier by examining non-standard but crucial issues, notably how mutual understanding and recognition are preconditions for value discovery and creation. Nicolai Juul Foss, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark Paul Vlaar contends that strategic alliances and other forms of cooperation, such as buyer supplier relationships, joint ventures and offshoring initiatives, increasingly stand at the basis of competitive advantage. Although contracts and trust play a crucial role in such relationships, prior studies on both governance solutions are generally confined to single theories, paradigms and viewpoints. Drawing on an in-depth case study, survey data and conceptual developments, the author advances a more integrative framework. He probes issues such as: the tension between the need and the ability to contract trust and contracts as co-evolving and self-reinforcing phenomena contractual functions other than coordination and control dialectical tensions stemming from contract application standardization of contracting practices. By exploring these topics, the book offers novel perspectives on the role of trust in interorganizational relationships, shifting our attention and creation to the discovery of value by collaborating partners. The book offers novel perspectives on the role of contracts and trust in interorganizational relationships, shifting our attention from the creation and appropriation to the discovery of value by collaborating partners. The book will be useful for managers as well as practitioners interested in the governance and management of inter-organizational relationships. It will also be an important resource for academics and students interested in strategy, organization and organizational theory.
Contracts and Trust in Alliances
Author: Paul Vlaar
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 1848443005
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 351
Book Description
Paul Vlaar s book very creatively combines three rich streams of research dealing with economic exchanges; and, in doing so, provides readers with new and important insights on trust, contracts and inter-organizational relationships (IORs). This is cross-disciplinary research at its best. Focusing on the independent and interdependent roles of contracts and trust in value creation and in value capture in IORs, Vlaar relies on solid quantitative and qualitative data to support his arguments. This book is must reading for scholars, managers and policy makers who are interested in these topics. Peter Smith Ring, Loyola Marymount University, US Paul Vlaar s Contracts and Trust in Alliances is one of the most creative contributions to the alliance literature in a very long time. Vlaar s discussion is informed by an unusually deep knowledge of the literature, and significantly pushes the research frontier by examining non-standard but crucial issues, notably how mutual understanding and recognition are preconditions for value discovery and creation. Nicolai Juul Foss, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark Paul Vlaar contends that strategic alliances and other forms of cooperation, such as buyer supplier relationships, joint ventures and offshoring initiatives, increasingly stand at the basis of competitive advantage. Although contracts and trust play a crucial role in such relationships, prior studies on both governance solutions are generally confined to single theories, paradigms and viewpoints. Drawing on an in-depth case study, survey data and conceptual developments, the author advances a more integrative framework. He probes issues such as: the tension between the need and the ability to contract trust and contracts as co-evolving and self-reinforcing phenomena contractual functions other than coordination and control dialectical tensions stemming from contract application standardization of contracting practices. By exploring these topics, the book offers novel perspectives on the role of trust in interorganizational relationships, shifting our attention and creation to the discovery of value by collaborating partners. The book offers novel perspectives on the role of contracts and trust in interorganizational relationships, shifting our attention from the creation and appropriation to the discovery of value by collaborating partners. The book will be useful for managers as well as practitioners interested in the governance and management of inter-organizational relationships. It will also be an important resource for academics and students interested in strategy, organization and organizational theory.
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 1848443005
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 351
Book Description
Paul Vlaar s book very creatively combines three rich streams of research dealing with economic exchanges; and, in doing so, provides readers with new and important insights on trust, contracts and inter-organizational relationships (IORs). This is cross-disciplinary research at its best. Focusing on the independent and interdependent roles of contracts and trust in value creation and in value capture in IORs, Vlaar relies on solid quantitative and qualitative data to support his arguments. This book is must reading for scholars, managers and policy makers who are interested in these topics. Peter Smith Ring, Loyola Marymount University, US Paul Vlaar s Contracts and Trust in Alliances is one of the most creative contributions to the alliance literature in a very long time. Vlaar s discussion is informed by an unusually deep knowledge of the literature, and significantly pushes the research frontier by examining non-standard but crucial issues, notably how mutual understanding and recognition are preconditions for value discovery and creation. Nicolai Juul Foss, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark Paul Vlaar contends that strategic alliances and other forms of cooperation, such as buyer supplier relationships, joint ventures and offshoring initiatives, increasingly stand at the basis of competitive advantage. Although contracts and trust play a crucial role in such relationships, prior studies on both governance solutions are generally confined to single theories, paradigms and viewpoints. Drawing on an in-depth case study, survey data and conceptual developments, the author advances a more integrative framework. He probes issues such as: the tension between the need and the ability to contract trust and contracts as co-evolving and self-reinforcing phenomena contractual functions other than coordination and control dialectical tensions stemming from contract application standardization of contracting practices. By exploring these topics, the book offers novel perspectives on the role of trust in interorganizational relationships, shifting our attention and creation to the discovery of value by collaborating partners. The book offers novel perspectives on the role of contracts and trust in interorganizational relationships, shifting our attention from the creation and appropriation to the discovery of value by collaborating partners. The book will be useful for managers as well as practitioners interested in the governance and management of inter-organizational relationships. It will also be an important resource for academics and students interested in strategy, organization and organizational theory.
Surviving Supply Chain Integration
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309173418
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 162
Book Description
The managed flow of goods and information from raw material to final sale also known as a "supply chain" affects everythingâ€"from the U.S. gross domestic product to where you can buy your jeans. The nature of a company's supply chain has a significant effect on its success or failureâ€"as in the success of Dell Computer's make-to-order system and the failure of General Motor's vertical integration during the 1998 United Auto Workers strike. Supply Chain Integration looks at this crucial component of business at a time when product design, manufacture, and delivery are changing radically and globally. This book explores the benefits of continuously improving the relationship between the firm, its suppliers, and its customers to ensure the highest added value. This book identifies the state-of-the-art developments that contribute to the success of vertical tiers of suppliers and relates these developments to the capabilities that small and medium-sized manufacturers must have to be viable participants in this system. Strategies for attaining these capabilities through manufacturing extension centers and other technical assistance providers at the national, state, and local level are suggested. This book identifies action steps for small and medium-sized manufacturersâ€"the "seed corn" of business start-up and developmentâ€"to improve supply chain management. The book examines supply chain models from consultant firms, universities, manufacturers, and associations. Topics include the roles of suppliers and other supply chain participants, the rise of outsourcing, the importance of information management, the natural tension between buyer and seller, sources of assistance to small and medium-sized firms, and a host of other issues. Supply Chain Integration will be of interest to industry policymakers, economists, researchers, business leaders, and forward-thinking executives.
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309173418
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 162
Book Description
The managed flow of goods and information from raw material to final sale also known as a "supply chain" affects everythingâ€"from the U.S. gross domestic product to where you can buy your jeans. The nature of a company's supply chain has a significant effect on its success or failureâ€"as in the success of Dell Computer's make-to-order system and the failure of General Motor's vertical integration during the 1998 United Auto Workers strike. Supply Chain Integration looks at this crucial component of business at a time when product design, manufacture, and delivery are changing radically and globally. This book explores the benefits of continuously improving the relationship between the firm, its suppliers, and its customers to ensure the highest added value. This book identifies the state-of-the-art developments that contribute to the success of vertical tiers of suppliers and relates these developments to the capabilities that small and medium-sized manufacturers must have to be viable participants in this system. Strategies for attaining these capabilities through manufacturing extension centers and other technical assistance providers at the national, state, and local level are suggested. This book identifies action steps for small and medium-sized manufacturersâ€"the "seed corn" of business start-up and developmentâ€"to improve supply chain management. The book examines supply chain models from consultant firms, universities, manufacturers, and associations. Topics include the roles of suppliers and other supply chain participants, the rise of outsourcing, the importance of information management, the natural tension between buyer and seller, sources of assistance to small and medium-sized firms, and a host of other issues. Supply Chain Integration will be of interest to industry policymakers, economists, researchers, business leaders, and forward-thinking executives.
Contracting in the New Economy
Author: David Frydlinger
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030650995
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 327
Book Description
Today’s business environment is constantly evolving, filled with volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity and driven by digital transformation, globalization, and the need to creating value through innovation. These shifts demand that organizations view contracting through a different lens. Since it is impossible to predict every what-if scenario in a transactional contract, organizations in strategic and complex partnerships must shift to a mindset of shared goals and objectives built upon a strong foundation of transparency and trust, working together to mitigate risk much better than merely shifting risk to the weaker party. Contracting in the New Economy helps you to not only develop this mindset – but also offers the practical tools needed to embrace the social side of contracting, enabling your organization to harness the value creating potential of formal relational contracts. Briefly sharing the theoretical foundations that prove relational contracting works, it goes well beyond theory by providing powerful examples of relational contracting principles in practice. In addition, the authors provide a practical and proven approach for helping you to put relational contracting theory into practice for your own relationships. First by providing a framework for approaching any contracting situation and helping organizations finding the best contract model for each situation. And then by sharing five proven steps you can take to create an effective relational contract for you own strategic and complex business relationships. For anyone involved in developing contracts —lawyers, in-house counsels, contract managers, C-level managers, procurement officers, and so on — this book will empower you to create powerful cooperative alliances that will help you reach —and surpass — your business goals in today’s dynamic new environment.
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030650995
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 327
Book Description
Today’s business environment is constantly evolving, filled with volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity and driven by digital transformation, globalization, and the need to creating value through innovation. These shifts demand that organizations view contracting through a different lens. Since it is impossible to predict every what-if scenario in a transactional contract, organizations in strategic and complex partnerships must shift to a mindset of shared goals and objectives built upon a strong foundation of transparency and trust, working together to mitigate risk much better than merely shifting risk to the weaker party. Contracting in the New Economy helps you to not only develop this mindset – but also offers the practical tools needed to embrace the social side of contracting, enabling your organization to harness the value creating potential of formal relational contracts. Briefly sharing the theoretical foundations that prove relational contracting works, it goes well beyond theory by providing powerful examples of relational contracting principles in practice. In addition, the authors provide a practical and proven approach for helping you to put relational contracting theory into practice for your own relationships. First by providing a framework for approaching any contracting situation and helping organizations finding the best contract model for each situation. And then by sharing five proven steps you can take to create an effective relational contract for you own strategic and complex business relationships. For anyone involved in developing contracts —lawyers, in-house counsels, contract managers, C-level managers, procurement officers, and so on — this book will empower you to create powerful cooperative alliances that will help you reach —and surpass — your business goals in today’s dynamic new environment.
Entrepreneurial Alliances
Author: Jeffrey J. Reuer
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780136156369
Category : Entrepreneurship
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Help entrepreneurs prepare for, create, and manage alliances. In today's economy, many entrepreneurs have found themselves considering, or even involved in, an alliance without a strong understanding of the best way to proceed. In order to provide entrepreneurs with the information they need, Entrepreneurial Alliances explains how to successfully create, maintain, and manage alliances.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780136156369
Category : Entrepreneurship
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Help entrepreneurs prepare for, create, and manage alliances. In today's economy, many entrepreneurs have found themselves considering, or even involved in, an alliance without a strong understanding of the best way to proceed. In order to provide entrepreneurs with the information they need, Entrepreneurial Alliances explains how to successfully create, maintain, and manage alliances.
The Legalistic Organization
Author: Sim B. Sitkin
Publisher: SAGE Publications, Incorporated
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 408
Book Description
Introduction and Theoretical Context S. B Sitkin & R. J. Bies / Preface M. G. Yudof // I. Introduction and Theoretical Context // 1. Law and Organizations W. R. Scott / 2. The Legalization of Organizations: A Multi-Theoretical Perspective S. B Sitkin & R. J. Bies // II. Legalistic Procedures // 3. Cops and Auditors: The Rhetoric of Records J. Van Maanen & B. T. Pentland / 4. Contracting Without Contracts: How the Japanese Manage Organizational Transactions M. J. Smitka / 5. Effects of Legal Context on Decision Making Under Ambiguity M. S. Feldman & A. J. Levy // III. Legalistic Criteria in Decision Making // 6. Stigma as a Determinant of Legalization N. L. Roth, S. B Sitkin & A. House / 7. The Threat of Legal Liability and Managerial Decision Making: Regulation of Reproductive Health in the Workplace D. M. Randall & D. D. Baker / 8. Law, Privacy, and Organizations: The Corporate Obsession to Know Versus the Individual Right Not to Be Known M. J. Culnan, H. J. Smith & R. J. Bies / 9. The Changing Legal Environment: A Review and Recommendations for Today′s Corporate Directors I. F. Kesner & J. B. Kaufman // IV. Legalistic Rhetoric // 10. Communication Under Conditions of Litigation Risk: A Grounded Theory of Plausible Deniability in the Iran-Contra Affair L. D. Browning & R. Folger / 11. The Consequences of Language: A Metaphorical Look at the Legalization of Organizations R. K. Stutman & L. L. Putnam / 12. Reducing the Litigious Mentality by Increasing Employees′ Desire to Communicate Grievances D. L. Shapiro & D. M. Kolb // V. Reflections on the Legalistic Organization // 13. The Costs of Legalization: The Hidden Dangers of Increasingly Formalized Control J. Pfeffer / 14. Litigation Mentality and Organizational Learning C. Argyris / Index ABRIDGED CONTENTS: I. Introduction and Theoretical Context / II. Legalistic Procedures / III. Legalistic Criteria in Decision Making / IV. Legalistic Rhetoric / V. Reflections on the Legalistic Organization CONTRIBUTORS: M. G. Yudof, W. R. Scott, S. B Sitkin, R. J. Bies, J. Van Maanen, B. T. Pentland, M. J. Smitka, M. S. Feldman, A. J. Levy, N. L. Roth, A. House, D. M. Randall, D. D. Baker, M. J. Culnan, H. J. Smith, I. F. Kesner, J. B. Kaufman, L. D. Browning, R. Folger, R. K. Stutman, L. L. Putnam, D. L. Shapiro, D. M. Kolb, J. Pfeffer, C. Argyris
Publisher: SAGE Publications, Incorporated
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 408
Book Description
Introduction and Theoretical Context S. B Sitkin & R. J. Bies / Preface M. G. Yudof // I. Introduction and Theoretical Context // 1. Law and Organizations W. R. Scott / 2. The Legalization of Organizations: A Multi-Theoretical Perspective S. B Sitkin & R. J. Bies // II. Legalistic Procedures // 3. Cops and Auditors: The Rhetoric of Records J. Van Maanen & B. T. Pentland / 4. Contracting Without Contracts: How the Japanese Manage Organizational Transactions M. J. Smitka / 5. Effects of Legal Context on Decision Making Under Ambiguity M. S. Feldman & A. J. Levy // III. Legalistic Criteria in Decision Making // 6. Stigma as a Determinant of Legalization N. L. Roth, S. B Sitkin & A. House / 7. The Threat of Legal Liability and Managerial Decision Making: Regulation of Reproductive Health in the Workplace D. M. Randall & D. D. Baker / 8. Law, Privacy, and Organizations: The Corporate Obsession to Know Versus the Individual Right Not to Be Known M. J. Culnan, H. J. Smith & R. J. Bies / 9. The Changing Legal Environment: A Review and Recommendations for Today′s Corporate Directors I. F. Kesner & J. B. Kaufman // IV. Legalistic Rhetoric // 10. Communication Under Conditions of Litigation Risk: A Grounded Theory of Plausible Deniability in the Iran-Contra Affair L. D. Browning & R. Folger / 11. The Consequences of Language: A Metaphorical Look at the Legalization of Organizations R. K. Stutman & L. L. Putnam / 12. Reducing the Litigious Mentality by Increasing Employees′ Desire to Communicate Grievances D. L. Shapiro & D. M. Kolb // V. Reflections on the Legalistic Organization // 13. The Costs of Legalization: The Hidden Dangers of Increasingly Formalized Control J. Pfeffer / 14. Litigation Mentality and Organizational Learning C. Argyris / Index ABRIDGED CONTENTS: I. Introduction and Theoretical Context / II. Legalistic Procedures / III. Legalistic Criteria in Decision Making / IV. Legalistic Rhetoric / V. Reflections on the Legalistic Organization CONTRIBUTORS: M. G. Yudof, W. R. Scott, S. B Sitkin, R. J. Bies, J. Van Maanen, B. T. Pentland, M. J. Smitka, M. S. Feldman, A. J. Levy, N. L. Roth, A. House, D. M. Randall, D. D. Baker, M. J. Culnan, H. J. Smith, I. F. Kesner, J. B. Kaufman, L. D. Browning, R. Folger, R. K. Stutman, L. L. Putnam, D. L. Shapiro, D. M. Kolb, J. Pfeffer, C. Argyris
Interfirm Alliances
Author: Bart Nooteboom
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134676379
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 262
Book Description
Challenging the current flood of mergers and acquisitions this book presents an alternative, more efficient strategy of inter-firm alliances. In the context of recent developments in international business, the discussion takes in alliances between buyers and suppliers, between competitors and between firms in different industries. This theory is illustrated and elaborated with empirical detail from a variety of international case-studies. These studies include the car industry in the US, Europe and Japan, the Dutch photocopier industry and ten European electronic suppliers ... Inter-firm Alliances combines resource-based views, transaction-cost analysis and institutional economics to develop an original and comprehensive theory of inter-firm alliances and a coherent method for managing them.
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134676379
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 262
Book Description
Challenging the current flood of mergers and acquisitions this book presents an alternative, more efficient strategy of inter-firm alliances. In the context of recent developments in international business, the discussion takes in alliances between buyers and suppliers, between competitors and between firms in different industries. This theory is illustrated and elaborated with empirical detail from a variety of international case-studies. These studies include the car industry in the US, Europe and Japan, the Dutch photocopier industry and ten European electronic suppliers ... Inter-firm Alliances combines resource-based views, transaction-cost analysis and institutional economics to develop an original and comprehensive theory of inter-firm alliances and a coherent method for managing them.
Strategic Alliances for Innovation and R&D
Author: T. K. Das
Publisher: IAP
ISBN: 1623966248
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 309
Book Description
Strategic Alliances for Innovation and R&D is a volume in the book series Research in Strategic Alliances that focuses on providing a robust and comprehensive forum for new scholarship in the field of strategic alliances. In particular, the books in the series cover new views of interdisciplinary theoretical frameworks and models, significant practical problems of alliance organization and management, and emerging areas of inquiry. The series also includes comprehensive empirical studies of selected segments of business, economic, industrial, government, and non-profit activities with wide prevalence of strategic alliances. Through the ongoing release of focused topical titles, this book series seeks to disseminate theoretical insights and practical management information that should enable interested professionals to gain a rigorous and comprehensive understanding of the field of strategic alliances. Strategic Alliances for Innovation and R&D contains contributions by leading scholars in the field of strategic alliance research. The 11 chapters in this volume cover a number of significant topics that encompass innovation and R&D through strategic alliances. The chapter topics cover both the broader issues, such as the governance of high-tech alliances, knowledge flows in innovation clusters, co-innovation, and incomplete contracting, and the more focused problems of inexperienced firms in R&D consortia, new product development, and managing alliance portfolio evolution in service innovation. The chapters include empirical as well as conceptual treatments of the selected topics, and collectively present a wide-ranging review of the noteworthy research perspectives on the role of strategic alliances in the pursuit of innovation and R&D.
Publisher: IAP
ISBN: 1623966248
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 309
Book Description
Strategic Alliances for Innovation and R&D is a volume in the book series Research in Strategic Alliances that focuses on providing a robust and comprehensive forum for new scholarship in the field of strategic alliances. In particular, the books in the series cover new views of interdisciplinary theoretical frameworks and models, significant practical problems of alliance organization and management, and emerging areas of inquiry. The series also includes comprehensive empirical studies of selected segments of business, economic, industrial, government, and non-profit activities with wide prevalence of strategic alliances. Through the ongoing release of focused topical titles, this book series seeks to disseminate theoretical insights and practical management information that should enable interested professionals to gain a rigorous and comprehensive understanding of the field of strategic alliances. Strategic Alliances for Innovation and R&D contains contributions by leading scholars in the field of strategic alliance research. The 11 chapters in this volume cover a number of significant topics that encompass innovation and R&D through strategic alliances. The chapter topics cover both the broader issues, such as the governance of high-tech alliances, knowledge flows in innovation clusters, co-innovation, and incomplete contracting, and the more focused problems of inexperienced firms in R&D consortia, new product development, and managing alliance portfolio evolution in service innovation. The chapters include empirical as well as conceptual treatments of the selected topics, and collectively present a wide-ranging review of the noteworthy research perspectives on the role of strategic alliances in the pursuit of innovation and R&D.
Handbook of Strategic Alliances
Author: Oded Shenkar
Publisher: SAGE
ISBN: 0761988637
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 489
Book Description
Covers research on strategic alliances, and serves to lay out a research agenda on collaborative strategy and alliance management. This book covers the theoretical foundations that guide work on inter-firm collaboration, ranging from sociological perspectives to real options theory to diverse traditions within organizational economics.
Publisher: SAGE
ISBN: 0761988637
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 489
Book Description
Covers research on strategic alliances, and serves to lay out a research agenda on collaborative strategy and alliance management. This book covers the theoretical foundations that guide work on inter-firm collaboration, ranging from sociological perspectives to real options theory to diverse traditions within organizational economics.
International Friction and Cooperation in High-Technology Development and Trade
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309057299
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 451
Book Description
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309057299
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 451
Book Description
Global Competitiveness
Author: William Philip Wall
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811677557
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 103
Book Description
This book discusses the aspects of global competition in terms of the strategies that could be applied to improve the competitive position of businesses and consolidate gains particularly in the Thai market. The book is composed of 10 chapters focusing on topics related to business strategy, such as competition, marketing, innovation, utilizing information, technology, human resources, strategic alliances, customer service, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of strategies, and corporate social responsibility. This book will serve as a useful guide for those already in business in Thailand as well as for businesses that hope to expand their existing operations in Thailand to the global market.
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811677557
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 103
Book Description
This book discusses the aspects of global competition in terms of the strategies that could be applied to improve the competitive position of businesses and consolidate gains particularly in the Thai market. The book is composed of 10 chapters focusing on topics related to business strategy, such as competition, marketing, innovation, utilizing information, technology, human resources, strategic alliances, customer service, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of strategies, and corporate social responsibility. This book will serve as a useful guide for those already in business in Thailand as well as for businesses that hope to expand their existing operations in Thailand to the global market.