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Author: S. Abraham
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461315859
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 482
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Book Description
Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Cancer is a multi-volume series which focuses on an emerging area of cancer research. In 1968, R.H. Williams first reported that elevated prostaglandin levels are present in human medullary carcinoma. Since that time, the concept that arachidonic acid metabolites may be involved in cancer has expanded to include every aspect of the disease from cell transformation through metastasis. Prostaglandins and leukotrienes are generic terms used to describe a family ofbioactive lipids produced from unsaturated fatty acids (principally from arachidonic acid) via the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways, respectively. Cyclooxygenase products consist of diverse products such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostacyclin (PGI2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2), whereas lipoxygenase products consist ofhydroperoxy fatty acids and mono-, di-and tri-hydroxy acids including leukotrienes, lipoxins, and epoxides. The precursor fatty acids for the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways are present in cellular phospholipids. This finding established an important control point in their biosynthesis --the release of substrate. This occurs in response to numerous stimuli that act at the cell surface. Dr. Bengt Samuelsson's extensive study ofthe metabolism of prostaglandins indicate that they are rapidly inactivated on a single pass through pulmonary circulation. Thus, they cannot act as circulating hormones and appear to be made on demand in the vicinity oftarget tissues leading to the concept that prostaglandins are local rrormones or autocoids. Altered production, qualitative and/or quantitative, of prostaglandins and leukotrienes has been implicated in the development of a number of disease states (e. g.
Author: S. Abraham
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461315859
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 482
Get Book
Book Description
Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Cancer is a multi-volume series which focuses on an emerging area of cancer research. In 1968, R.H. Williams first reported that elevated prostaglandin levels are present in human medullary carcinoma. Since that time, the concept that arachidonic acid metabolites may be involved in cancer has expanded to include every aspect of the disease from cell transformation through metastasis. Prostaglandins and leukotrienes are generic terms used to describe a family ofbioactive lipids produced from unsaturated fatty acids (principally from arachidonic acid) via the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways, respectively. Cyclooxygenase products consist of diverse products such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostacyclin (PGI2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2), whereas lipoxygenase products consist ofhydroperoxy fatty acids and mono-, di-and tri-hydroxy acids including leukotrienes, lipoxins, and epoxides. The precursor fatty acids for the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways are present in cellular phospholipids. This finding established an important control point in their biosynthesis --the release of substrate. This occurs in response to numerous stimuli that act at the cell surface. Dr. Bengt Samuelsson's extensive study ofthe metabolism of prostaglandins indicate that they are rapidly inactivated on a single pass through pulmonary circulation. Thus, they cannot act as circulating hormones and appear to be made on demand in the vicinity oftarget tissues leading to the concept that prostaglandins are local rrormones or autocoids. Altered production, qualitative and/or quantitative, of prostaglandins and leukotrienes has been implicated in the development of a number of disease states (e. g.
Author: American Institute for Cancer Research
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475726708
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 259
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Book Description
The annual research conference for 1996 of the American Institute for Cancer Re search was again held at the Loews L'Enfant Plaza Hotel in Washington, DC, August 29 and 30. The topic for this, the seventh in the series, was "Dietary Fat and Cancer: Genetic and Molecular Mechanisms. " Two separate presentations were given as the conference overview. "Fat and Cancer: The Epidemiologic Evidence in Perspective" noted that die tary fat can be saturated, largely from animal or dairy sources, or mono- or polyunsatu rated, mostly from plant sources. Unlike animal fats, fish contain relatively high levels of protective omega-3 fatty acids. Although the hypothesis that dietary fat is associated with cancer is plausible, the mechanisms involved are reasonable, and many animal studies support the hypothesis, there are many obstacles in any direct extrapolation to humans, in cluding imprecise measures of dietary fat intake, variability in individual diets, and spe cies variations. Despite these limitations, there is a weak positive correlation between colon cancer and dietary fat intake, but with substantial differences for various ethnic groups. In the case of breast cancer, there is substantial variation among countries and eth nic groups, but the overall evidence indicated an association with fat in the diet. Epidemiologic studies of dietary fat and prostate cancer are more consistent and most show a positive relationship. However, it was not clear which types of dietary fat were im plicated in the effect.
Author: David Heber
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461311519
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 188
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Book Description
This book was inspired by a gatheringofscientists in Los Angeles in 1994 under the auspices of the UCLA Clinical Nutrition Research Unit which is funded by the National Cancer Institute to promote new research into nutrition and cancer prevention. This unit supports research integrating basic and metabolic/clinical investigations which examine observations from epidemiologic studies and their application to the prevention ofcommon forms ofcancer through nutritional intervention. There is a great deal ofinformation from epidemiologic, experimental and metabolic studies implicating elements ofthe diet as important in the development and progression of common forms ofcancer including breast cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, and uterine cancer. When these forms ofcancerareexaminedcarefully, it isclearthat they share anumber ofcommon etiologic factors related to dietary fat, lipids, and hormones. A human cancer is usually discovered at a point where it has formed a detectable mass. For many forms of cancer, this may require 10 to 15 years from the time when the cancer is first initiated. Nutritional efforts at prevention may delay the progression ofcancer to a detectable mass resulting in reduced incidence and may retard the clinical progression and metastatic spread ofcancer after its primary treatment.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309175712
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 433
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Book Description
Despite increasing knowledge of human nutrition, the dietary contribution to cancer remains a troubling question. Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens assembles the best available information on the magnitude of potential cancer riskâ€"and potential anticarcinogenic effectâ€"from naturally occurring chemicals compared with risk from synthetic chemical constituents. The committee draws important conclusions about diet and cancer, including the carcinogenic role of excess calories and fat, the anticarcinogenic benefit of fiber and other substances, and the impact of food additive regulation. The book offers recommendations for epidemiological and diet research. Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens provides a readable overview of issues and addresses critical questions: Does diet contribute to an appreciable proportion of human cancer? Are there significant interactions between carcinogens and anticarcinogens in the diet? The volume discusses the mechanisms of carcinogenic and anticarcinogenic properties and considers whether techniques used to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of synthetics can be used with naturally occurring chemicals. The committee provides criteria for prioritizing the vast number of substances that need to be tested. Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens clarifies the issues and sets the direction for further investigations into diet and cancer. This volume will be of interest to anyone involved in food and health issues: policymakers, regulators, researchers, nutrition professionals, and health advocates.
Author: Cancer Information Dissemination and Analysis Center (CIDAC) for Carcinogenesis Information
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Carcinogenesis
Languages : en
Pages : 43
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Book Description
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309078539
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 87
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Book Description
Author: American Institute for Cancer Research
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9780306456831
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 252
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Book Description
The annual research conference for 1996 of the American Institute for Cancer Re search was again held at the Loews L'Enfant Plaza Hotel in Washington, DC, August 29 and 30. The topic for this, the seventh in the series, was "Dietary Fat and Cancer: Genetic and Molecular Mechanisms. " Two separate presentations were given as the conference overview. "Fat and Cancer: The Epidemiologic Evidence in Perspective" noted that die tary fat can be saturated, largely from animal or dairy sources, or mono- or polyunsatu rated, mostly from plant sources. Unlike animal fats, fish contain relatively high levels of protective omega-3 fatty acids. Although the hypothesis that dietary fat is associated with cancer is plausible, the mechanisms involved are reasonable, and many animal studies support the hypothesis, there are many obstacles in any direct extrapolation to humans, in cluding imprecise measures of dietary fat intake, variability in individual diets, and spe cies variations. Despite these limitations, there is a weak positive correlation between colon cancer and dietary fat intake, but with substantial differences for various ethnic groups. In the case of breast cancer, there is substantial variation among countries and eth nic groups, but the overall evidence indicated an association with fat in the diet. Epidemiologic studies of dietary fat and prostate cancer are more consistent and most show a positive relationship. However, it was not clear which types of dietary fat were im plicated in the effect.
Author: Lionel A. Poirier
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461318351
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 549
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Book Description
For more than 50 years, it has been recognized that diet influences cancer formation both in humans and in experimental animals. In fact, early investigators successfully retarded the onset of tumors in animals by dietary manipulation. Such findings led to an early optimism that cancer would prove to be yet another disease resulting from dietary imbalances and might thus be amenable to prevention or cure by appropriate nutritional changes. Subsequent studies showed that the influence of diet on cancer formation was not only very complex, it also did not appear to playa direct causative role in carcinogenesis. Thus during the mid-1950s scientific interest in diet and cancer greatly waned. By the early 1970s, however, a resurging interest in diet and cancer became evident. This field of activity has continued to grow. Yet for over 20 years, no comprehensive meeting has been held to summarize the major developments concerning dietary modification of carcinogenesis over a broad range of essential nutrients. To fill this void, a workshop was held on the role of essential nutrients in carcinogenesis from January 30 to February 1, 1985, in Bethesda, Maryland, under the auspices of the National Cancer Institute. This volume is a compilation of the presenta tions made at that meeting.
Author: Maryce M. Jacobs
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468479539
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 300
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Book Description
The American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) sponsored its second annual conference on nutrition and cancer. The theme was "Exercise, Calories, Fat, and Cancer" and the conference was held September 4-5, 1991 at the Ritz Carlton Hotel in Pentagon City, Virginia. This proceedings volume contains chapters from the platform presentations and abstracts from each poster presentation. Relationships among physical activity, calorie consumption, energy expenditure, dietary fat, and cancer are described in the context of epidemiologic, animal, and in vitro studies. Dietary recommendations to lower cancer risk are based on expanding evidence relating nutrition and cancer. Identification of the precise dietary contribution to disease is complicated by the concurrent genetic and environmental contributions, in addition to the inherent difficulties in gathering and interpreting epidemiologic data. Individual variations in cancer risk are the result of differences in genetic and environmental factors including sources and amounts of calories consumed, metabolism, and energy expenditure. Human and animal studies describing independent and combined influences of exercise, calorie restriction, and dietary fat on carcinogenesis are reported in this volume.
Author: Bandaru S. Reddy
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 192
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Book Description
Abstract: A 2-volume reference set for nutrition and cancer research scientists, including epidemiologists, clinicians, and experimentalists, summarizes and discusses a wide variety of studies concerning the role of nutrition in the etiology of various types of cancer, highlighting the potential and limitations of epidemiology, clinical, and experimental studies. The first volume addresses the affects of macronutrients in cancer etiology and treatment, covering various specific cancers (gastric; pancreas; large bowel; colon; breast; prostate), including the role of dietary fat, essential fatty acids, prostaglandins, and fiber. The role of dietary fat in cancer risk also is reviewed. The second volume covers the role of micronutrients and nonnutritive dietary factors in several types of cancer (breast; esophagus), including retinoids, selenium, and other factors. Special attention also is given to cancer chemoprevention, fermented milk products as cancer inhibitors, the role of food mutagens and carcinogens, nitrosamines in foods, and the effects of alcohol consumption. The 19 review articles comprising this 2-volume set were prepared by experts in their fields.
