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Author: Dorothy E. Setliff
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461315514
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 237
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Book Description
This book, and the research it describes, resulted from a simple observation we made sometime in 1986. Put simply, we noticed that many VLSI design tools looked "alike". That is, at least at the overall software architecture level, the algorithms and data structures required to solve problem X looked much like those required to solve problem X'. Unfortunately, this resemblance is often of little help in actually writing the software for problem X' given the software for problem X. In the VLSI CAD world, technology changes rapidly enough that design software must continually strive to keep up. And of course, VLSI design software, and engineering design software in general, is often exquisitely sensitive to some aspects of the domain (technology) in which it operates. Modest changes in functionality have an unfortunate tendency to require substantial (and time-consuming) internal software modifications. Now, observing that large engineering software systems are technology dependent is not particularly clever. However, we believe that our approach to xiv Preface dealing with this problem took an interesting new direction. We chose to investigate the extent to which automatic programming ideas cold be used to synthesize such software systems from high-level specifications. This book is one of the results of that effort.
Author: Dorothy E. Setliff
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461315514
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 237
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book, and the research it describes, resulted from a simple observation we made sometime in 1986. Put simply, we noticed that many VLSI design tools looked "alike". That is, at least at the overall software architecture level, the algorithms and data structures required to solve problem X looked much like those required to solve problem X'. Unfortunately, this resemblance is often of little help in actually writing the software for problem X' given the software for problem X. In the VLSI CAD world, technology changes rapidly enough that design software must continually strive to keep up. And of course, VLSI design software, and engineering design software in general, is often exquisitely sensitive to some aspects of the domain (technology) in which it operates. Modest changes in functionality have an unfortunate tendency to require substantial (and time-consuming) internal software modifications. Now, observing that large engineering software systems are technology dependent is not particularly clever. However, we believe that our approach to xiv Preface dealing with this problem took an interesting new direction. We chose to investigate the extent to which automatic programming ideas cold be used to synthesize such software systems from high-level specifications. This book is one of the results of that effort.
Author: A. F. Schwarz
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 148325805X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 593
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Book Description
Handbook of VLSI Chip Design and Expert Systems provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of expert systems, which provides a knowledge-based approach to problem solving. This book discusses the use of expert systems in every possible subtask of VLSI chip design as well as in the interrelations between the subtasks. Organized into nine chapters, this book begins with an overview of design automation, which can be identified as Computer-Aided Design of Circuits and Systems (CADCAS). This text then presents the progress in artificial intelligence, with emphasis on expert systems. Other chapters consider the impact of design automation, which exploits the basic capabilities of computers to perform complex calculations and to handle huge amounts of data with a high speed and accuracy. This book discusses as well the characterization of microprocessors. The final chapter deals with interactive I/O devices. This book is a valuable resource for system design experts, circuit analysts and designers, logic designers, device engineers, technologists, and application-specific designers.
Author: Georges Gielen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461539625
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Book Description
It is a great honor to provide a few words of introduction for Dr. Georges Gielen's and Prof. Willy Sansen's book "Symbolic analysis for automated design of analog integrated circuits". The symbolic analysis method presented in this book represents a significant step forward in the area of analog circuit design. As demonstrated in this book, symbolic analysis opens up new possibilities for the development of computer-aided design (CAD) tools that can analyze an analog circuit topology and automatically size the components for a given set of specifications. Symbolic analysis even has the potential to improve the training of young analog circuit designers and to guide more experienced designers through second-order phenomena such as distortion. This book can also serve as an excellent reference for researchers in the analog circuit design area and creators of CAD tools, as it provides a comprehensive overview and comparison of various approaches for analog circuit design automation and an extensive bibliography. The world is essentially analog in nature, hence most electronic systems involve both analog and digital circuitry. As the number of transistors that can be integrated on a single integrated circuit (IC) substrate steadily increases over time, an ever increasing number of systems will be implemented with one, or a few, very complex ICs because of their lower production costs.
Author: Raul Camposano
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461539668
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 395
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Book Description
The time has come for high-level synthesis. When research into synthesizing hardware from abstract, program-like de scriptions started in the early 1970' s, there was no automated path from the register transfer design produced by high-level synthesis to a complete hardware imple mentation. As a result, it was very difficult to measure the effectiveness of high level synthesis methods; it was also hard to justify to users the need to automate architecture design when low-level design had to be completed manually. Today's more mature CAD techniques help close the gap between an automat ically synthesized design and a manufacturable design. Market pressures encour age designers to make use of any and all automated tools. Layout synthesis, logic synthesis, and specialized datapath generators make it feasible to quickly imple ment a register-transfer design in silicon,leaving designers more time to consider architectural improvements. As IC design becomes more automated, customers are increasing their demands; today's leading edge designers using logic synthesis systems are training themselves to be tomorrow's consumers of high-level synthe sis systems. The need for very fast turnaround, a competitive fabrication market WhlCh makes small-quantity ASIC manufacturing possible, and the ever growing co:n plexity of the systems being designed, all make higher-level design automaton inevitable.
Author: Bank W. Lee
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461539846
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 251
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Book Description
Rapid advances in neural sciences and VLSI design technologies have provided an excellent means to boost the computational capability and efficiency of data and signal processing tasks by several orders of magnitude. With massively parallel processing capabilities, artificial neural networks can be used to solve many engineering and scientific problems. Due to the optimized data communication structure for artificial intelligence applications, a neurocomputer is considered as the most promising sixth-generation computing machine. Typical applica tions of artificial neural networks include associative memory, pattern classification, early vision processing, speech recognition, image data compression, and intelligent robot control. VLSI neural circuits play an important role in exploring and exploiting the rich properties of artificial neural networks by using pro grammable synapses and gain-adjustable neurons. Basic building blocks of the analog VLSI neural networks consist of operational amplifiers as electronic neurons and synthesized resistors as electronic synapses. The synapse weight information can be stored in the dynamically refreshed capacitors for medium-term storage or in the floating-gate of an EEPROM cell for long-term storage. The feedback path in the amplifier can continuously change the output neuron operation from the unity-gain configuration to a high-gain configuration. The adjustability of the vol tage gain in the output neurons allows the implementation of hardware annealing in analog VLSI neural chips to find optimal solutions very efficiently. Both supervised learning and unsupervised learning can be implemented by using the programmable neural chips.
Author: Ulrich Ramacher
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461539943
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 346
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Book Description
The early era of neural network hardware design (starting at 1985) was mainly technology driven. Designers used almost exclusively analog signal processing concepts for the recall mode. Learning was deemed not to cause a problem because the number of implementable synapses was still so low that the determination of weights and thresholds could be left to conventional computers. Instead, designers tried to directly map neural parallelity into hardware. The architectural concepts were accordingly simple and produced the so called interconnection problem which, in turn, made many engineers believe it could be solved by optical implementation in adequate fashion only. Furthermore, the inherent fault-tolerance and limited computation accuracy of neural networks were claimed to justify that little effort is to be spend on careful design, but most effort be put on technology issues. As a result, it was almost impossible to predict whether an electronic neural network would function in the way it was simulated to do. This limited the use of the first neuro-chips for further experimentation, not to mention that real-world applications called for much more synapses than could be implemented on a single chip at that time. Meanwhile matters have matured. It is recognized that isolated definition of the effort of analog multiplication, for instance, would be just as inappropriate on the part ofthe chip designer as determination of the weights by simulation, without allowing for the computing accuracy that can be achieved, on the part of the user.
Author: Patrick C. McGeer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461539609
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 227
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Book Description
This book is an extension of one author's doctoral thesis on the false path problem. The work was begun with the idea of systematizing the various solutions to the false path problem that had been proposed in the literature, with a view to determining the computational expense of each versus the gain in accuracy. However, it became clear that some of the proposed approaches in the literature were wrong in that they under estimated the critical delay of some circuits under reasonable conditions. Further, some other approaches were vague and so of questionable accu racy. The focus of the research therefore shifted to establishing a theory (the viability theory) and algorithms which could be guaranteed correct, and then using this theory to justify (or not) existing approaches. Our quest was successful enough to justify presenting the full details in a book. After it was discovered that some existing approaches were wrong, it became apparent that the root of the difficulties lay in the attempts to balance computational efficiency and accuracy by separating the tempo ral and logical (or functional) behaviour of combinational circuits. This separation is the fruit of several unstated assumptions; first, that one can ignore the logical relationships of wires in a network when considering timing behaviour, and, second, that one can ignore timing considerations when attempting to discover the values of wires in a circuit.
Author: S.T. Chadradhar
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461539587
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 187
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Book Description
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 9 QUADRATIC 0-1 PROGRAMMING 8S 9. 1 Energy Minimization 86 9. 2 Notation and Tenninology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 9. 3 Minimization Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 9. 4 An Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 9. 5 Accelerated Energy Minimization. . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 9. 5. 1 Transitive Oosure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 9. 5. 2 Additional Pairwise Relationships 96 9. 5. 3 Path Sensitization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 9. 6 Experimental Results 98 9. 7 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 10 TRANSITIVE CLOSURE AND TESTING 103 10. 1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 10. 2 Transitive Oosure Definition 105 10. 3 Implication Graphs 106 10. 4 A Test Generation Algorithm 107 10. 5 Identifying Necessary Assignments 112 10. 5. 1 Implicit Implication and Justification 113 10. 5. 2 Transitive Oosure Does More Than Implication and Justification 115 10. 5. 3 Implicit Sensitization of Dominators 116 10. 5. 4 Redundancy Identification 117 10. 6 Summary 119 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 11 POLYNOMIAL-TIME TESTABILITY 123 11. 1 Background 124 11. 1. 1 Fujiwara's Result 125 11. 1. 2 Contribution of the Present Work . . . . . . . . . 126 11. 2 Notation and Tenninology 127 11. 3 A Polynomial TlDle Algorithm 128 11. 3. 1 Primary Output Fault 129 11. 3. 2 Arbitrary Single Fault 135 11. 3. 3 Multiple Faults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 11. 4 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 ix 12 SPECIAL CASES OF HARD PROBLEMS 141 12. 1 Problem Statement 142 12. 2 Logic Simulation 143 12. 3 Logic Circuit Modeling . 146 12. 3. 1 Modelfor a Boolean Gate . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 12. 3. 2 Circuit Modeling 148 12.
Author: Robert A. Walker
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461539684
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 190
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Book Description
After long years of work that have seen little industrial application, high-level synthesis is finally on the verge of becoming a practical tool. The state of high-level synthesis today is similar to the state of logic synthesis ten years ago. At present, logic-synthesis tools are widely used in digital system design. In the future, high-level synthesis will play a key role in mastering design complexity and in truly exploiting the potential of ASIes and PLDs, which demand extremely short design cycles. Work on high-level synthesis began over twenty years ago. Since substantial progress has been made in understanding the basic then, problems involved, although no single universally-accepted theoretical framework has yet emerged. There is a growing number of publications devoted to high-level synthesis, specialized workshops are held regularly, and tutorials on the topic are commonly held at major conferences. This book gives an extensive survey of the research and development in high-level synthesis. In Part I, a short tutorial explains the basic concepts used in high-level synthesis, and follows an example design throughout the synthesis process. In Part II, current high-level synthesis systems are surveyed.
Author: Karl Hess
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461540267
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 317
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Book Description
Monte Carlo simulation is now a well established method for studying semiconductor devices and is particularly well suited to highlighting physical mechanisms and exploring material properties. Not surprisingly, the more completely the material properties are built into the simulation, up to and including the use of a full band structure, the more powerful is the method. Indeed, it is now becoming increasingly clear that phenomena such as reliabil ity related hot-electron effects in MOSFETs cannot be understood satisfac torily without using full band Monte Carlo. The IBM simulator DAMOCLES, therefore, represents a landmark of great significance. DAMOCLES sums up the total of Monte Carlo device modeling experience of the past, and reaches with its capabilities and opportunities into the distant future. This book, therefore, begins with a description of the IBM simulator. The second chapter gives an advanced introduction to the physical basis for Monte Carlo simulations and an outlook on why complex effects such as collisional broadening and intracollisional field effects can be important and how they can be included in the simulations. References to more basic intro the book. The third chapter ductory material can be found throughout describes a typical relationship of Monte Carlo simulations to experimental data and indicates a major difficulty, the vast number of deformation poten tials required to simulate transport throughout the entire Brillouin zone. The fourth chapter addresses possible further extensions of the Monte Carlo approach and subtleties of the electron-electron interaction.
