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Author: Robert D. Blackwill
Publisher: Council on Foreign Relations Press
ISBN:
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 104
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SCOTT (copy 1): From the John Holmes Library collection.
Author: Robert D. Blackwill
Publisher: Council on Foreign Relations Press
ISBN:
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 104
Get Book Here
Book Description
SCOTT (copy 1): From the John Holmes Library collection.
Author: Robert D. Blackwill
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 83
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Book Description
Author: Amy F. Woolf
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781437961430
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
By the late 1990s, arms control negotiations were not as important to the U.S.-Russian relationship as they were to the U.S.-Soviet relationship during the Cold War. But the U.S. and Russia continued to implement existing nuclear arms control agreements and to pursue negotiations on further reductions in their strategic offensive weapons and modifications to limits on ballistic missile defense. This report summarizes these agreements and tracks progress in their ratification and implementation. Contents; Most Recent Developments as of 2006; Background and Analysis; Start I; Start II; Furhter Reductions in Offensive Weapons; The Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty; Additional Reading. This is a print on demand report.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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By the late 1990s, arms control negotiations were not as important to the U.S.-Russian relationship as they were to the U.S.Soviet relationship during the Cold War. But the United States and Russia continued to implement existing nuclear arms control agreements and to pursue negotiations on further reductions in their strategic offensive weapons and modifications to limits on ballistic missile defenses. This issue brief summarizes these agreements and tracks progress in their ratification and implementation. The 1991 START I Treaty entered into force in December 1994. It limits the United States and four successors to the Soviet Union -- Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Kazakhstan -- to 6,000 accountable warheads on 1,600 strategic offensive delivery vehicles. The parties completed the elimination process outlined in the Treaty on December 4, 2001. The parties continue to implement the on-site inspections that are a part of the Treaty's complex verification regimen. The United States and Russia signed START II in January 1993. This agreement would reduce U.S. and Russian strategic offensive forces to 3,500 warheads. In September 1997, the United States and Russia signed a Protocol to START II to extend the elimination period in the treaty to the end of the year 2007. The U.S. Senate approved the Treaty's ratification in January 1996 and the Russian legislature did so in April 2000, but the treaty has not yet entered into force. In March 1997, Presidents Clinton and Yeltsin agreed that the United States and Russia would negotiate a START III Treaty after START II entered into force. START III would reduce their forces to between 2,000 and 2,500 warheads. They also agreed to address measures related to non-strategic nuclear weapons and the warheads removed from weapons eliminated under the treaty. Negotiations to turn this framework into a formal agreement proved difficult. The Bush Administration did not continued negotiations towards START III or complete the ratification of START II. Instead, President Bush informed President Putin of planned reductions to 1,700-2,200 warheads in November 2001. The United States and Russia completed the Moscow Treaty, codifying these reductions, in May 2002. The Senate gave its advice and consent to the Moscow Treaty's ratification on March 6, 2003. In September 1997, the United States and Russia signed several documents related to the 1972 ABM Treaty that established a demarcation line between ABM systems and theater missile defense systems, which are not limited by the Treaty. They also signed a memorandum that named Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Kazakhstan as the successors to the Soviet Union for the ABM Treaty. The Clinton Administration never submitted these to the Senate for advice and consent. It did however, pursue negotiations on modifications to the Treaty that would permit the deployment of national missile defenses. The Bush Administration believed the Treaty was out of date, and that the United States must withdraw to pursue missile defense. It suggested that the United States and Russia agree to set the Treaty aside. Russia did not accept this proposal. The United States announced, on December 13, 2001, that it would withdraw from the Treaty. This withdrawal occurred six months later, on June 13, 2002.
Author: Michael Krepon
Publisher: Stanford University Press
ISBN: 1503629619
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 544
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The definitive guide to the history of nuclear arms control by a wise eavesdropper and masterful storyteller, Michael Krepon. The greatest unacknowledged diplomatic achievement of the Cold War was the absence of mushroom clouds. Deterrence alone was too dangerous to succeed; it needed arms control to prevent nuclear warfare. So, U.S. and Soviet leaders ventured into the unknown to devise guardrails for nuclear arms control and to treat the Bomb differently than other weapons. Against the odds, they succeeded. Nuclear weapons have not been used in warfare for three quarters of a century. This book is the first in-depth history of how the nuclear peace was won by complementing deterrence with reassurance, and then jeopardized by discarding arms control after the Cold War ended. Winning and Losing the Nuclear Peace tells a remarkable story of high-wire acts of diplomacy, close calls, dogged persistence, and extraordinary success. Michael Krepon brings to life the pitched battles between arms controllers and advocates of nuclear deterrence, the ironic twists and unexpected outcomes from Truman to Trump. What began with a ban on atmospheric testing and a nonproliferation treaty reached its apogee with treaties that mandated deep cuts and corralled "loose nukes" after the Soviet Union imploded. After the Cold War ended, much of this diplomatic accomplishment was cast aside in favor of freedom of action. The nuclear peace is now imperiled by no less than four nuclear-armed rivalries. Arms control needs to be revived and reimagined for Russia and China to prevent nuclear warfare. New guardrails have to be erected. Winning and Losing the Nuclear Peace is an engaging account of how the practice of arms control was built from scratch, how it was torn down, and how it can be rebuilt.
Author: Amy F. Woolf
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437921965
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 37
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The United States and Soviet Union signed the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) in 1991; it entered into force in December 1994 and is due to expire in December 2009. The United States and Russia have held several meetings to discuss options for continuing their arms control relationship. They are currently negotiating a new Treaty that would replace START. Contents of this report: Introduction; The START Treaty; The Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty; and Preparing for START Expiration.
Author: Louisa B. Murphy
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
ISBN: 9781628085594
Category : Nuclear arms control
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
In his 2013 State of the Union Address, President Obama stated that the United States would engage Russia to seek further reduction in our nuclear arsenals. These reductions could include limits on strategic, non-strategic and non-deployed nuclear weapons. Yet, arms control negotiation between the United States and Russia have stalled, leading many observers to suggest that the United States reduce its nuclear forces unilaterally, or in parallel with Russia, without negotiating a new treaty. Many in Congress have expressed concerns about this possibility, both because they question the need to reduce nuclear forces below New START levels and because they do not want the President to agree to further reductions without seeking the approval of Congress. This book reviews the role of nuclear arms control in the U.S.-Soviet relationship, looking at both formal, bilateral treaties and unilateral steps the United States took to alter its nuclear posture. An analytic framework is discussed reviewing the characteristics of the different mechanisms, focusing on issues such as balance and equality, predictability, flexibility, transparency and confidences in compliance, and timeliness.
Author: Stephen J. Cimbala
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030380882
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 263
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Book Description
This book analyzes the United States and Russia’s nuclear arms control and deterrence relationships and how these countries must lead current and prospective efforts to support future nuclear arms control and nonproliferation. The second nuclear age, following the end of the Cold War and the demise of the Soviet Union, poses new challenges with respect to nuclear-strategic stability, deterrence and nonproliferation. The spread of nuclear weapons in Asia, and the potential for new nuclear weapons states in the Middle East, create new possible axes of conflict potentially stressful to the existing world order. Other uncertainties include the interest of major powers in developing a wider spectrum of nuclear weapons and delivery systems, possibly for use in limited nuclear wars, and the competitive technologies for antimissile defenses being developed and deployed by the United States and Russia. Other technology challenges, including the implications of cyberwar for nuclear deterrence and crisis management, are also considered. Political changes also matter. The early post-Cold War hopes for the emergence of a global pacific security community, excluding the possibility of major war, have been dashed by political conflict between Russia and NATO, by the roiled nature of American domestic politics with respect to international security, and by a more assertive and militarily competent China. Additionally, the study includes suggestions for both analysis and policy in order to prevent the renewed U.S.-Russian nuclear arms race and competition in new technologies. This volume would be ideal for graduate students, researchers, scholars and anyone who is interested in nuclear policy, international studies, and Russian politics.
Author: Stephen J. Cimbala
Publisher: Lynne Rienner Publishers
ISBN: 9781626376199
Category : Nuclear arms control
Languages : en
Pages : 278
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Book Description
¿This engaging, thoughtful work could hardly be more timely and important.¿ ¿Andrew Futter, University of Leicester Does it make sense for the United States to cooperate with Russia to resolve international security issues? Is it possible for the two countries to work together to reduce the dangers associated with nuclear weapons? Where does Vladimir Putin fit into the calculus? Engaging the debate on these contentious issues, Stephen Cimbala provides context for and policy-relevant analysis of current US-Russian nuclear relations. Stephen J. Cimbala is distinguished professor of political science at Penn State University Brandywine.
Author: U. S. Army War College
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781304074812
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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