An Experimental Study of the Formation and Evolution of Frazil Ice PDF Download
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Author: Shawn Paul Clark
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Shawn Paul Clark
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Steven F. Daly
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Frazil ice
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Author: R. Ettema
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Frazil ice
Languages : en
Pages : 62
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Book Description
Frazil ice forms in flowing or turbulent water that has become supercooled by heat transfer to overlying air. This report investigates the influences of turbulence and water temperature on frazil ice formation. The rate and the quantity of frazil ice formed in a specified volume of supercooled water increase with both increasing turbulence intensity and decreasing water temperature. The influence of turbulence intensity on the rate of frazil ice formation, however, is more pronounced for larger initial supercooling. The turbulence characteristics of a flow affect the rate of frazil ice formation by governing the temperature to which the flow can be supercooled, by influencing heat transfer from the frazil ice to surrounding water, and by promoting collision nucleation, particle and floc rupture and increasing the number of nucleation sites. Larger frazil ice particles form in water supercooled to lower temperatures. The particles usually were disks, with diameters several orders greater than their thickness. Particle size generally decreased with increasing turbulence intensity. This report develops an analytical model, in which the rate of frazil ice formation is related to temperature rise of a turbulent volume of water from the release of latent heat of fusion of liquid water to ice. Experiments conducted in a turbulence jar with a heated, vertically oscillating grid served both to guide and too calibrate the mathematical analytic model as well as to afford insights into frazil ice formation. The formation of frazil ice was studied for temperatures of supercooled water ranging from -0.9 deg to -0.05 deg C.
Author: Howard Turner Barnes
Publisher: New York : Wiley
ISBN:
Category : Ice
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Author: T. E. Osterkamp
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 18
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The primary objective of this research was the development of a basic scientific understanding of frazil and anchor ice including their formation, growth, characteristics, and evolution in form and dynamics and their role in the development of the initial ice cover on a river. Interpretation of these data were directed toward developing an understanding of the physics of freeze-up as it involves frazil and anchor ice. (Author).
Author: Fisaha Solomon Unduche
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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The theory of the formation of surface ice is not fully understood, yet its presence on water surface affects the operation of many different kinds of hydraulic structures. It is known that when the water surface temperature reaches supercooling ice particles are formed at the water surface. If the intensity of turbulence is low these ice particles will be suspended on the surface forming a surface ice. Herein, an experimental study that incorporates the effect of depth, velocity, roughness and air temperature is carried out in a counter-rotating flume to investigate the formation of surface ice in relation to these parameters. The experimental result is supported by a mathematical model based on the theory of formation of surface ice. A mathematical model is developed based on a comprehensive theory and is solved using Matlab. The mathematical model integrates the effect of the heat balance on the water surface with the degree of turbulent mixing and the rate of growth of surface ice. The two calibrating parameters for the model are the magnitude of the initial seeding and the surface heat loss coefficient. The developed mathematical model is calibrated for the different types of surface ice formations for the data obtained from the experiment. The experimental analysis shows that there are four main types of surface ice formations and their formation is mainly dependent on the degree of turbulence. It is also found that the types of these ice formations are dependent on the minimum supercooling temperature at an average depth. Moreover, it is demonstrated that skim ice particles are those ice particles that nucleate on the water surface during low to medium turbulent intensities and can have four different types of shapes, namely needle shapes, finger shapes, hexagonal shapes and irregular shapes. The sizes and relative quantities of these ice particles on the water surface are also dependent on the degree of turbulence.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Arctic regions
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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Author: Shuang Ming Wang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 286
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Author: G. Tsang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Frazil ice
Languages : en
Pages : 73
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Author: Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Frozen ground
Languages : en
Pages : 64
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