Generic Revision of the Spider Family Zodariidae (Araneae). Bulletin of the AMNH PDF Download
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Languages : en
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Author: R. Jocqué
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Arachnida
Languages : en
Pages : 164
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"The family Zodariidae is revised at the generic level. All available type specimens of species were examined. The family history is reviewed, morphology is described, and polarity of the character variations is established. The phylogeny for the genera is derived from a cladistic analysis using HENNIG86. A list of all generic names used in Zodariidae and a key to the genera are provided. Zodariidae is diagnosed by the absence of a serrula, the presence of lateral teeth on the tarsal claws, long anterior spinnerets, and the burrowing habit. Six subfamilies are recognized: Cyriocteinae, new subfamily, Lachesaninae, new subfamily, Cydrelinae Simon, Storenomorphinae Simon, Storeninae Simon and Zodariinae Simon. The family contains 47 genera, 13 of which are new: Antillorena (type Storena pollii Simon), Aschema (type A. pallida, new species), Asteron (type A. reticulatum, new species), Forsterella (type Forsterella faceta, new species), Madrela (type M. madrela, new species), Nostera (type N. lynx, new species), Platnickia (type Drassus elegans Nicolet), Psammoduon (type Caesetius deserticola Simon), Psammorygma (type P. caligata, new species), Ranops (type R. caprivi, new species), Storamia (type Storena meadii O.P.-Cambridge), Storosa (type S. obscura, new species), and Suffasia (type Suffucia tigrina Simon). Thirteen new generic synonymies are established: Suffucia Simon and Doosia Kishida with Asceua Thorell; Hyltoniella Mello-Leitão and Valcheta Mello-Leitão with Cybaeodamus Mello-Leitão; Langbiana Hogg with Mallinella Strand; Tijucaia Mello-Leitão and Naibena Chamberlin with Tenedos O.P.-Cambridge; Patiscana Strand with Cicynethus Simon; Cydrelichus Pocock and Tryssoclitus Simon with Caesetius Simon; Systenoplacis Simon with Capheris Simon; Zodariellum Andreeva and Tyschenko with Acanthinozodium Denis; Hermippella Lessert with Palfuria Simon. The following genera were removed from the Zodariidae and transferred to the family in brackets: Arushina Caporiacco (Clubionidae), Hoplolathys Caporiacco (Dictynidae), Mevianops Mello-Leitão (Agelenidae), Tymbira Mello-Leitão (Amaurobiidae), and Zodariops Mello-Leitão (Gnaphosidae). The status of Cryptothele L. Koch is uncertain. Nanahua Badcock and Tristichops Taczanowski remain incertae sedis"--P. 4.
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Languages : en
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Languages : en
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Author: Mihael G. Rix
Publisher: PenSoft Publishers LTD
ISBN: 9546425311
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 328
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The Micropholcommatidae are a family of tiny, distinctive araneoid spiders, known from southern-temperate habitats throughout Australasia and Chile. The greatest abundance of individuals and the largest diversity of taxa occur in the cool-temperate rainforests of south-eastern Australia and New Zealand, where micropholcommatid spiders can be very common within moss and leaf litter microhabitats. Although poorly studied biologically and largely neglected taxonomically, the Micropholcommatidae are a diverse lineage, with a significantÿ The monograph in this volume presents a complete generic-level revision of the spider family Micropholcommatidae. The phylogenetic position and internal phylogeny of the family are tested with two separate morphological cladistic analyses, the results of which inform a comprehensive generic-level classification. In total, 26 new species, 12 new genera, one new tribe and two new subfamilies are described, taking the total documented micropholcommatid fauna to 58 species. The distribution and Gondwanan biogeography of the family are also discussed, and natural history information is provided where known. Most importantly, the results of this paper present a taxonomic framework and a phylogenetic foundation for all future research on the Micropholcommatidae; a template by which new species can be described and existing species can be identified, and a valuable dataset for exploring phylogenetic hypotheses.
Author: David Penney
Publisher:
ISBN: 0957453019
Category : Spiders
Languages : en
Pages : 322
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Book Description
The result is a great increase in multi-disciplinary research and novel avenues incorporating spiders as model organisms.
Author: Subir Ranjan Kundu
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0323886124
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 260
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Book Description
Spider Evolution: Genetics, Behavior, and Ecological Influences provides a thorough exploration of the evolutionary trail of arachnids, particularly spider species, from prehistoric origins to current sustainability issues. This book analyzes extinct organisms in the Arachnida class, specifically looking at their phylogenomics and molecular footprints to understand evolutionary changes in diversification in today's species. Sections cover spider origins and their influences on behavioral traits, physiology of sensory organs, and biomechanics, also touching on spiders as prey and predators and how their roles have changed in the 400 million years of Arachnida existence. The book then focuses upon current environmental issues facing spider species and how these have, and can, affect the evolution of these organisms. Topics include biodiversity minimization, climate change and natural disasters. This book is a much-needed resource for entomologists and arachnid- or arthropod-driven researchers. Advanced undergraduate and graduate students will also benefit from the historic review, current assessment and future predictions of spider evolution provided in this book. - Provides a complete view of spider species from their first fossil evidence nearly 400 million years ago - Focuses on climate change and biodiversity threats as environmental factors currently affecting these organisms - Contains the most up-to-date knowledge on evolutionary genetics, physiology changes and behavioral outcomes
Author: Petar Beron
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319744186
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 995
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Book Description
This volume merges all geographical and paleogeographical data on all groups of the arachnofauna. The book features topics such as the ecological factors, climate and other barriers that influence the distribution of arachnida. It also elaborates on the characteristics of the distribution such as arachnida at high altitude (e.g. Himalaya), in caves, in polar regions and highlights differences between the arachnofauna of e.g. Mediterranean regions vs Central Europe, West African vs Indomalayan and more. Furthermore, amongst other topics the volume also includes chapters on the systems of arachnida, fossil orders, dispersal and dispersion, endemics and relicts, regional arachnogeography, cave and high altitude arachnida.
Author: Xin-Ping Wang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Amaurobiidae
Languages : en
Pages : 156
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Book Description
The Holarctic coelotine spiders are revised at the generic level. Coelotine morphology, particularly genitalic morphology, is described, the subfamily and generic limits are defined, and a cladistic hypothesis of generic relationships is presented. The subfamily Coelotinae is defined to include 20 genera and 277 species. The 20 genera are: Ambanus Ovtchinnikov, 1999, with 18 species from far eastern Russia, northeastern China, Japan, and Korea (including 6 new combinations); Asiacoelotes, new genus, with 15 East Asian species (all new combinations, with 3 new synonyms); Bifidocoelotes, new genus, with 2 species from China (both new combinations); Coelotes Blackwall, 1841, with 123 species from Europe and Asia (including 2 new synonyms); Coras Simon, 1898, with 15 North American species and 2 species from China; Coronilla Wang, 1994, with 2 species from China (including 2 new synonyms); Draconarius Ovtchinnikov, 1999, with 26 Asian species (including 25 new combinations and 1 new synonym); Eurocoelotes, new genus, with 11 European species (all new combinations); Femoracoelotes, new genus, with 2 species from Taiwan (both new combinations); Himalcoelotes, new genus, fully revised here, with 10 species from the Himalayas (including 2 new combinations and 8 new species); Leptocoelotes, new genus, with 2 species from China (both new combinations); Longicoelotes, new genus, with 1 new species from China; Paracoelotes Brignoli, 1982, with 16 European and Asian species (including 5 new combinations and 5 new synonyms); Platocoelotes, new genus, with 4 species from China (all new combinations); Robusticoelotes, new genus, with 1 newly combined species from China; Spiricoelotes, new genus, with 2 East Asian species (both new combinations); Tegecoelotes Ovtchinnikov, 1999, with 5 species from far eastern Russia, northeastern China, Japan, and Korea (including 4 new combinations); Tonsilla Wang and Yin, 1992, with 3 species from China; Urocoras Ovtchinnikov, 1999, with 5 species from East Europe (including 2 new combinations); and Wadotes Chamberlin, 1925, with 11 species from North America and 1 from China.
Author: Janet Leonard
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199717036
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 550
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Book Description
Primary sexual traits, those structures and processes directly involved in reproduction, are some of the most diverse, specialized, and bizarre in the animal kingdom. Moreover, reproductive traits are often species-specific, suggesting that they evolved very rapidly. This diversity, long the province of taxonomists, has recently attracted broader interest from evolutionary biologists, especially those interested in sexual selection and the evolution of reproductive strategies. Primary sexual characters were long assumed to be the product of natural selection, exclusively. A recent alternative suggests that sexual selection explains much of the diversity of "primary" sexual characters. A third approach to the evolution of reproductive interactions after copulation or insemination has been to consider the process one of sexual conflict. That is, the reproductive processes of a species may reflect, as does the mating system, evolution acting on males and on females, but in different directions. In this volume, authors explore a wide variety of primary sexual characters and selective pressures that have shaped them, from natural selection for offspring survival to species-isolating mechanisms, sperm competition, cryptic female choice and sexual arms races. Exploring diverse reproductive adaptations from a theoretical and practical perspective, The Evolution of Primary Sexual Characters will provide an unparalleled overview of sexual diversity in many taxa and an introduction to the issues in sexual selection that are changing our view of sexual processes.
Author: Ansie Dippenaar-Schoeman
Publisher: Penguin Random House South Africa
ISBN: 0799369101
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
Languages : en
Pages : 433
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Book Description
This is the first-ever field guide to provide information on a vast spectrum of spider species based on their morphology, behaviour and distribution. It’s the first book to introduce all 70 South African spider families including 370 major genera and more than 860 of the more common species. It includes illustrations of all of the families, genera and species as well as more than 2 000 colour photographs and 843 maps. - A thorough summary of morphology, biology and habitat requirements is provided - Species with medical importance are discussed - The morphological characters of all known spider families from South Africa are provided and illustrated with notes on their behavior as well as further reading material - Short morphological data with notes on behaviour and distribution of 370 major genera and 860 species is provided This field guide’s purpose is to enable observers to identify spiders in the field. One of the difficulties facing a spider-watcher is that a large number of spider species are small and extremely well camouflaged and are therefore not easily seen. For some genera you will need a magnifying glass or microscope to be able to identify the specimen to generic or species level. Many species can only be identified by a specialist who has access to a good microscope and the relevant literature. Most of the spiders were photographed alive in their natural settings and only some rare and smaller species were photographed using a camera mounted on a microscope. The illustrations and descriptions make it easy for an inexperienced spider-watcher to identify many of the common species encountered in and around the house. The spiders were divided according to the free-living species and those that build intricate webs to catch their prey. The free-living spiders were further divided according to those found on the vegetation and those living on the ground. Spiders are an abundant, diverse and highly successful group of animals. They are commonly found on farms, in gardens and also in houses. They are important predators in all terrestrial ecosystems and are regarded as the “best friends” of gardeners and farmers in sustainable agriculture because they have the important task of regulating the numbers of potentially harmful insects and mites. However, they are feared and maligned because of the venom they produce. We hope this field guide will help save the lives of a few spiders. It will be valuable for the man on the street, researchers, conservation agencies, students, gardeners, farmers, as well as spider-watchers and photographers.
