X-ray Diffraction Study of the Effects of Uniaxial Plastic Deformation on Residual Stress Measurements PDF Download
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Author: A. L. Esquivel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 51
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Book Description
Uniaxial plastic deformation has been known to produce anomalies in residual stress measurements based on x-ray diffraction techniques. This study was undertaken to determine the magnitude of the effects, if any, on residual stress calculations from various materials subjected to UPD. An x-ray diffraction study using the two-exposure method was made on several iron, aluminum, and titanium alloys before and after these alloys were deformed plastically by bending on a U-bend test fixture. The x-ray peak shifts were recorded and the x-ray stress factors calculated by three different methods. These results are discussed together with observations on the additivity of residual and applied stresses, and the per cent differences in the stress measurements based on stress factors calculated by three different methods. (Author).
Author: A. L. Esquivel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 51
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Book Description
Uniaxial plastic deformation has been known to produce anomalies in residual stress measurements based on x-ray diffraction techniques. This study was undertaken to determine the magnitude of the effects, if any, on residual stress calculations from various materials subjected to UPD. An x-ray diffraction study using the two-exposure method was made on several iron, aluminum, and titanium alloys before and after these alloys were deformed plastically by bending on a U-bend test fixture. The x-ray peak shifts were recorded and the x-ray stress factors calculated by three different methods. These results are discussed together with observations on the additivity of residual and applied stresses, and the per cent differences in the stress measurements based on stress factors calculated by three different methods. (Author).
Author: Ismail C. Noyan
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1461395704
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 286
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 704
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Book Description
Author: G. Beck
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400911432
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1043
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Book Description
Residual stresses are always introduced in materials when they are produced, or when they undergo non-uniform plastic deformation during use. The circumstances that can cause residual stresses are therefore numerous. Residual stresses exist in all materials and, depending on their distribution, can playa beneficial role (for example, compressive surface stress) or have a catastrophic effect, especially on fatigue behaviour and corrosion properties. The subject of residual stresses took form around 1970 with the development of methods to measure macroscopic deformations during the machining of materials or on an atomic scale by X-ray diffraction. These techniques have made considerable progress in the last 20 years. The meetings organized in several countries (Germany, France, Japan, etc. ) have largely contributed to this progress, aided by the numerous exchanges of information and knowledge to which they have given rise. Studies of the formation of residual stresses began more slowly, but have progressed with the emergence of increasingly realistic models of materials behaviour and with access to ever more powerful codes for numerical calculations. Two successive meetings for discussing this topic have been held in Europe. The first, held in 1982 in Nancy (France), consisted of 30 participants from 5 countries. The second was held in Linkoping (Sweden) in 1984, with 80 participants of 16 nationalities. It was decided to hold a first International Conference, ICRS, to address all aspects of the problem. Held in 1986 in Garmisch-Partenkirschen (FRG), it was an assembly of neady 300 participants from 21 countries.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : X-rays
Languages : en
Pages : 672
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Author: A. L. Esquivel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 27
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Book Description
For the measurement of residual stresses, x-ray diffraction is potentially the best nondestructive method available. Ex periments are described in which silicon bronze and alpha brass samples were examined by x-rays while subjected to tensile deformation. The positions of the diffraction lines and their breadths were measured and analyzed. The special features of the experimental arrangement employed are presented and the method of analysis explained. An important result of this study is the observation that the stress-strain curve obtained from the x-ray diffraction measurements follows the stress-strain curve obtained from a standard tensile test, contrary to what many previous investigators have reported with different experimental techniques. Furthermore, for materials which may form stacking faults upon deformation, the x-ray data must first be corrected for the effects produced from stacking faults before the stress is calculated. (Author).
Author: Kazuyoshi Tanaka
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483290387
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 338
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Book Description
This volume covers current research findings and engineering applications of X–ray methods by the Japanese X–ray group members. The first part of the volume deals with fundamental problems in the methods for X–ray stress measurement. Phase stresses in the constituent phases of ceramic composites and ceramic-fiber reinforced metal-matrix composites are separately measured by X–rays, while three-dimensional stresses and thermal stresses in composites measured by X–rays are compared with the theoretical and numerical analyses. This work will therfore provide significant information for designing high-performance composites. Other topics covered include synchrotron X–ray radiation and the analysis of X–ray data by the Guassian curve method. Part two is devoted to the application of X–ray diffraction methods for various engineering purposes, the residual stress and half-value breadth (the full width at half the maximum) of the diffraction profiles being the two main X–ray parameters utilized in those applications. Chapters are included on X–ray fractography, a powerful technique for failure analysis, which is applied to the brittle fracture of ceramics and to the fatigue fracture of steels under various service conditions.
Author: John Edmond Allison
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fracture mechanics
Languages : en
Pages : 136
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Book Description
To ensure the structural integrity of present day structures subjected to variable amplitude cyclic stress histories, a knowledge of the crack tip stress field is important. In this investigation, crack tip stresses were measured in specimens of 1020 and 1045 steel using a semi-automatic x-ray diffraction technique. Crack tip residual stresses were measured in the unloaded condition and crack tip 'applied' stresses were measured under load. It was observed that, for the alloys tested and within the confines of stress analysis by x-ray diffraction, a dependence exists for the maximum crack tip residual stress on the level of the previous stress intensity factor and also for the maximum crack tip 'applied' stress on the level of the applied stress intensity. This is in sharp contrast to theoretical models of the crack tip stress fields which predict an independence between crack tip stresses and stress intensity levels. Crack tip stresses were observed relative to the fatigue crack growth retardation process. Post overload crack tip stresses were greatly reduced from their pre-overload levels. Limited studies indicated that crack growth, after an overload, had little or no effect on the overload-induced crack tip residual stress distribution. Measurements taken at applied loads, indicated that portions of the material behind the tip of the extended crack were in compression while areas ahead of the extended crack were in tension. These results were considered in light of possible retardation mechanisms.
Author: M.E. Fitzpatrick
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0203608992
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 368
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Book Description
While residual stress can be a problem in many industries and lead to early failure of component, it can also be introduced deliberately to improve lifetimes. Knowledge of the residual stress state in a component can be critical for quality control of surface engineering processes or vital to performing an accurate assessment of component life unde
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nuclear energy
Languages : en
Pages : 1058
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