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Author: Mark J. Roberts
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 9780821336670
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 38
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Book Description
"This report sheds new light on what makes exports grow. The effects of macroeconomic conditions and policy variables on manufacturing exports have been notoriously unpredictable in the research literature. The research summarized here suggests that that unpredictability can be traced largely to neglected microeconomic characteristics of manufacturing sectors. In particular, the export response to a given stimulus is shaped by the cross-firm dispersion in unit production costs, the extent of product differentiation, and, critically, the prevalence of previous exporting experience. This research is derived from a recently completed World Bank project examining the microeconomic foundations of industrial export booms in Colombia, Mexico, and Morocco. For each country, plants were followed through time, and their decisions to begin exporting, cease exporting, or adjust their export volumes were detailed. By focusing on microeconomic characteristics, the authors highlight some features of export supply response not previously quantified. First, export booms in Colombia, Morocco, and to a lesser extent Mexico would have been more modest if large numbers of firms had not decided to break into foreign markets. Second, new exporters face significant start-up costs as they develop marketing channels, adapt products and packaging to foreign tastes, and learn bureaucratic procedures. They become exporters only when the expected profits from foreign sales are large enough to cover these costs, and are unlikely to respond to export incentives viewed as transitory." -- Website.
Author: Mark J. Roberts
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 9780821336670
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 38
Get Book Here
Book Description
"This report sheds new light on what makes exports grow. The effects of macroeconomic conditions and policy variables on manufacturing exports have been notoriously unpredictable in the research literature. The research summarized here suggests that that unpredictability can be traced largely to neglected microeconomic characteristics of manufacturing sectors. In particular, the export response to a given stimulus is shaped by the cross-firm dispersion in unit production costs, the extent of product differentiation, and, critically, the prevalence of previous exporting experience. This research is derived from a recently completed World Bank project examining the microeconomic foundations of industrial export booms in Colombia, Mexico, and Morocco. For each country, plants were followed through time, and their decisions to begin exporting, cease exporting, or adjust their export volumes were detailed. By focusing on microeconomic characteristics, the authors highlight some features of export supply response not previously quantified. First, export booms in Colombia, Morocco, and to a lesser extent Mexico would have been more modest if large numbers of firms had not decided to break into foreign markets. Second, new exporters face significant start-up costs as they develop marketing channels, adapt products and packaging to foreign tastes, and learn bureaucratic procedures. They become exporters only when the expected profits from foreign sales are large enough to cover these costs, and are unlikely to respond to export incentives viewed as transitory." -- Website.
Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451873522
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Book Description
We compile a historical dataset covering nearly 40 years of booms and busts in the commodity terms of trade of over 150 countries. We discuss the characteristics of these events and their effects on macroeconomic performance and, in particular, compare the most recent commodity-price cycle with its historical precedents.
Author: Daniel Lederman
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821395467
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 148
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Book Description
Does what economies export matter for development? If so, can industrial policies improve on the export basket generated by the market? This book approaches these questions from a variety of conceptual and policy viewpoints. Reviewing the theoretical arguments in favor of industrial policies, the authors first ask whether existing indicators allow policy makers to identify growth-promoting sectors with confidence. To this end, they assess, and ultimately cast doubt upon, the reliability of many popular indicators advocated by proponents of industrial policy. Second, and central to their critique, the authors document extraordinary differences in the performance of countries exporting seemingly identical products, be they natural resources or 'high-tech' goods. Further, they argue that globalization has so fragmented the production process that even talking about exported goods as opposed to tasks may be misleading. Reviewing evidence from history and from around the world, the authors conclude that policy makers should focus less on what is produced, and more on how it is produced. They analyze alternative approaches to picking winners but conclude by favoring 'horizontal-ish' policies--for instance, those that build human capital or foment innovation in existing and future products that only incidentally favor some sectors over others.
Author: Trade Promotion Coordinating Committee (U.S.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Export marketing
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Book Description
Author: Jeffrey G. Williamson
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262295180
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 315
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Book Description
How the rise of globalization over the past two centuries helps explain the income gap between rich and poor countries today. Today's wide economic gap between the postindustrial countries of the West and the poorer countries of the third world is not new. Fifty years ago, the world economic order—two hundred years in the making—was already characterized by a vast difference in per capita income between rich and poor countries and by the fact that poor countries exported commodities (agricultural or mineral products) while rich countries exported manufactured products. In Trade and Poverty, leading economic historian Jeffrey G. Williamson traces the great divergence between the third world and the West to this nexus of trade, commodity specialization, and poverty. Analyzing the role of specialization, de-industrialization, and commodity price volatility with econometrics and case studies of India, Ottoman Turkey, and Mexico, Williamson demonstrates why the close correlation between trade and poverty emerged. Globalization and the great divergence were causally related, and thus the rise of globalization over the past two centuries helps account for the income gap between rich and poor countries today.
Author: Richard E. Baldwin
Publisher: CEPR
ISBN: 1907142061
Category : Commercial policy
Languages : en
Pages : 246
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Book Description
Author: Casey Marina Lurtz
Publisher: Stanford University Press
ISBN: 1503608476
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 415
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Book Description
In the late nineteenth century, Latin American exports boomed. From Chihuahua to Patagonia, producers sent industrial fibers, tropical fruits, and staple goods across oceans to satisfy the ever-increasing demand from foreign markets. In southern Mexico's Soconusco district, the coffee trade would transform rural life. A regional history of the Soconusco as well as a study in commodity capitalism, From the Grounds Up places indigenous and mestizo villagers, migrant workers, and local politicians at the center of our understanding of the export boom. An isolated, impoverished backwater for most of the nineteenth century, by 1920, the Soconusco had transformed into a small but vibrant node in the web of global commerce. Alongside plantation owners and foreign investors, a dense but little-explored web of small-time producers, shopowners, and laborers played key roles in the rapid expansion of export production. Their deep engagement with rural development challenges the standard top-down narrative of market integration led by economic elites allied with a strong state. Here, Casey Marina Lurtz argues that the export boom owed its success to a diverse body of players whose choices had profound impacts on Latin America's export-driven economy during the first era of globalization.
Author: Sheila A Gutierrez de Pineres
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351786016
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 188
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Book Description
This title was first published in 2000: This text aims to be essential reading for anyone who wishes to understand the microeconomic foundations behind the Latin American export boom, the ways in which government policies affecting exports may retard or promote economic growth, and the future prospects of the proposed Free Trade Association of the Americas. The authors conduct an econometric analysis which uses measures of export diversification, structural change in exports, and exports similarity which provide a basis for region-wide comparisons. The cases of Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Venezuela are analyzed in particular detail. Cross-country analysis focuses on the potential role of export diversification in promoting economic growth, in the context of other important determinants of growth.
Author: Ricardo Hausmann
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262317737
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 369
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Book Description
Maps capture data expressing the economic complexity of countries from Albania to Zimbabwe, offering current economic measures and as well as a guide to achieving prosperity Why do some countries grow and others do not? The authors of The Atlas of Economic Complexity offer readers an explanation based on "Economic Complexity," a measure of a society's productive knowledge. Prosperous societies are those that have the knowledge to make a larger variety of more complex products. The Atlas of Economic Complexity attempts to measure the amount of productive knowledge countries hold and how they can move to accumulate more of it by making more complex products. Through the graphical representation of the "Product Space," the authors are able to identify each country's "adjacent possible," or potential new products, making it easier to find paths to economic diversification and growth. In addition, they argue that a country's economic complexity and its position in the product space are better predictors of economic growth than many other well-known development indicators, including measures of competitiveness, governance, finance, and schooling. Using innovative visualizations, the book locates each country in the product space, provides complexity and growth potential rankings for 128 countries, and offers individual country pages with detailed information about a country's current capabilities and its diversification options. The maps and visualizations included in the Atlas can be used to find more viable paths to greater productive knowledge and prosperity.
Author: Mr.Antonio Spilimbergo
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1484339746
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 382
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Book Description
Brazil is at crossroads, emerging slowly from a historic recession that was preceded by a huge economic boom. Reasons for the historic bust following a boom are manifold. Policy mistakes were an important contributory factor, and included the pursuit of countercyclical policies, introduced to deal with the effects of the global financial crisis, beyond the point where they were helpful. More fundamentally, it reflects longstanding structural weaknesses plaguing the economy, that also help explain Brazil’s uninspiring growth performance over the past four decades.
