Volume II. Flying Qualities Phase. Chapter 14: Flight Control Systems PDF Download
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Languages : en
Pages : 311
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Book Description
The study of flight control systems is of central importance in the design and flight test of modern aircraft. Increasingly these aircraft are designed with performance considerations only and sophisticated flight control systems are required to correct a host of handling qualities deficiencies. Today's complex control systems are comprised of various elements, washout filters, prefilters, sensors, electronic compensators and structural filters, in full authority fly-by-wire systems. The purpose of this course is to provide a fundamental understanding of the basic types of aircraft control strategies. Simple mechanical systems are presented including the effect of control system elements, such as actuators, artificial feel systems, and mechanical elements. Stability and control augmentation systems are then discussed, stressing the advantages and disadvantages of each type of feedback commonly used. Electronic compensators are studied as further refinements to the augmented system. Modern analog and digital electronic flight control systems are then analyzed to gain an appreciation for their operation and potential handling qualities deficiencies. In addition, automatic flight control systems are discussed including both autopilots and the more sophisticated integrated systems for automated maneuvering. Aircraft sensors used in most of these flight control systems are also analyzed. Finally, flight control system test techniques are presented.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 311
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Book Description
The study of flight control systems is of central importance in the design and flight test of modern aircraft. Increasingly these aircraft are designed with performance considerations only and sophisticated flight control systems are required to correct a host of handling qualities deficiencies. Today's complex control systems are comprised of various elements, washout filters, prefilters, sensors, electronic compensators and structural filters, in full authority fly-by-wire systems. The purpose of this course is to provide a fundamental understanding of the basic types of aircraft control strategies. Simple mechanical systems are presented including the effect of control system elements, such as actuators, artificial feel systems, and mechanical elements. Stability and control augmentation systems are then discussed, stressing the advantages and disadvantages of each type of feedback commonly used. Electronic compensators are studied as further refinements to the augmented system. Modern analog and digital electronic flight control systems are then analyzed to gain an appreciation for their operation and potential handling qualities deficiencies. In addition, automatic flight control systems are discussed including both autopilots and the more sophisticated integrated systems for automated maneuvering. Aircraft sensors used in most of these flight control systems are also analyzed. Finally, flight control system test techniques are presented.
Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 141
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Book Description
Pilots might be inclined to associate the phrase control system with only aircraft flight control systems. Although the control system theory of this course has a large application to flight control sysems, this material applies to any process or system in which control is exercised over some output variable. Examples of these controlled variables are: the speed of an automotile, the temperature of a room, the attitude of a spacecraft, ad infinitum.
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 102
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Book Description
Dynamics is concerned with the time history of the motion of physical systems. An aircraft is such a system, and its dynamic stability behavior can be predicted through mathematical analysis of the aircraft's equations of motion and verified through flight test. During this study of aircraft dynamics, the solutions to both first order and second order systems will be of interest, and several important descriptive parameters will be used to define the dynamic response of either a first or a second order system.
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 126
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Static stability is the reaction of a body to a disturbance from equilibrium. To determine the static stability of a body, the body must be initially disturbed from its equilibrium state. If, when disturbed from equilibrium, the initial tendency of the body is to return to its original equilibrium position, the body displays positive static stability or is stable. If the initial tendency of the body is to remain in the disturbed position, the body is said to be neutral stable. However, should the body, when disturbed, initially tend to continue to displace from equilibrium, the body has negative static stability or is unstable. Longitudinal static stability or gust stability of an aircraft is determined in a similar manner. If an aircraft in equilibrium is momentarily disturbed by a vertical gust, the resulting change in angle of attack causes changes in lift coefficients on the aircraft (velocity is constant for this time period). The changes in lift coefficients produce additional aerodynamic forces and moments in this disturbed position. If the aerodynamic forces and moments created tend to return the aircraft to its original undisturbed condition, the aircraft possesses positive static stability or is stable. Should the aircraft tend to remain in the disturbed position, it possesses neutral stability. If the forces and moments tend to cause the aircraft to diverge further from equilibrium, the aircraft possesses negative longitudinal static stability or is unstable.
Author: Steffen Haakon Schrader
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3662632187
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 274
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Book Description
As spinning is still involved in around 60% of all aircraft accidents (BFU, 1985 and Belcastro, 2009), this aerodynamic phenomenon is still not fully understood. As U.S. and European Certification Specifications do not require recoveries from fully developed spins of Normal Category aeroplanes, certification test flights will not discover aeroplane mass and centre of gravity combinations which may result in unrecoverable spins. This book aims to contribute to a better understanding of the spin phenomenon through investigating the spin regime for normal, utility and aerobatic aircraft, and to explain what happens to the aircraft in terms of the aerodynamics, flight mechanics and the aircraft stability. The approach used is to vary the main geometric parameters such as the centre of gravity position and the aeroplane’s mass across the flight envelope, and to investigate the subsequent effect on the main spin characteristic parameters such as the angle of attack, pitch angle, sideslip angle, rotational rates, and recovery time. First of all, a literature review sums up the range of technical aspects that affect the problem of spinning. It reviews the experimental measurement techniques used, theoretical methods developed and flight test results obtained by previous researchers. The published results have been studied to extract the effect on spinning of aircraft geometry, control surface effectiveness, flight operational parameters and atmospheric effects. Consideration is also made of the influence on human performance of spinning, the current spin regulations and the available training material for pilots. A conventional-geometry, single-engine low-wing aeroplane, the basic trainer Fuji FA-200-160, has been instrumented with a proven digital flight measurement system and 27 spins have been systematically conducted inside and outside the certified flight envelope. The accuracy of the flight measurements is ensured through effective calibration, and the choice of sensors has varied through the study, with earlier sensors suffering from more drift than the current sensors (Belcastro, 2009 and Schrader, 2013). In-flight parameter data collected includes left and right wing α and β-angles, roll-pitch-yaw angles and corresponding rates, all control surface deflections, vertical speeds, altitude losses and the aeroplane’s accelerations in all three directions. Such data have been statistically analysed. The pitch behaviour has been mathematically modelled on the basis of the gathered flight test data. Nine observations have been proposed. These mainly cover the effects of centre of gravity and aircraft mass variations on spin characteristic behaviour. They have all been proven as true through the results of this thesis. The final observation concerns the generalisation of the Fuji results, to the spin behaviour of other aircraft in the same category. These observations can be used to improve flight test programmes, aircraft design processes, flight training materials and hence contribute strongly to better flight safety.
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 53
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Book Description
The method used to analyze maneuvering flight will be to determine a stick-fixed maneuver point (Hm) and stick-free maneuver point (H'm). These are analogous to their counterparts in static stability, the stick-fixed and stick-free neutral points. The maneuver points will also be derived in terms of the neutral points, and their relationship to cg location will be shown.
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Robert C. Nelson
Publisher: WCB/McGraw-Hill
ISBN: 9780071158381
Category : Aerodynamique / Aeronautique / Aerospatial / Automatique / Avion / Commande / Conception / Controle / Navigation / Stabilite
Languages : en
Pages : 441
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Book Description
The second edition of Flight Stability and Automatic Control presents an organized introduction to the useful and relevant topics necessary for a flight stability and controls course. Not only is this text presented at the appropriate mathematical level, it also features standard terminology and nomenclature, along with expanded coverage of classical control theory, autopilot designs, and modern control theory. Through the use of extensive examples, problems, and historical notes, author Robert Nelson develops a concise and vital text for aircraft flight stability and control or flight dynamics courses.
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 54
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Book Description
Pilot rating scales and their use in assessing aircraft handling qualities are reviewed historically, and objections that have been raised to limitations of earlier scales are considered in the development of a revised scale. Terminology used in the evaluation of handling qualities is reviewed and new definitions are proposed to improve communication and international understanding. O f particular significance is the new definition of handling qualities, which emphasizes the importance of factors that influence the selection of a rating other than stability and control characteristics. The experimental use of pilot rating is discussed in detail, with special attention devoted to (l) clarifying the difference between mission and task, (2) identifying what the rating applies to, (3) considering the pilot's assessment criteria, and (4) defining the simulation situation. The important elements of the report are then summarized in a suggested Briefing Guide, designed for guidance in planning and executing handling qualities experiments.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309056888
Category : Transportation
Languages : en
Pages : 221
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Book Description
Adverse aircraft-pilot coupling (APC) events include a broad set of undesirable and sometimes hazardous phenomena that originate in anomalous interactions between pilots and aircraft. As civil and military aircraft technologies advance, interactions between pilots and aircraft are becoming more complex. Recent accidents and other incidents have been attributed to adverse APC in military aircraft. In addition, APC has been implicated in some civilian incidents. This book evaluates the current state of knowledge about adverse APC and processes that may be used to eliminate it from military and commercial aircraft. It was written for technical, government, and administrative decisionmakers and their technical and administrative support staffs; key technical managers in the aircraft manufacturing and operational industries; stability and control engineers; aircraft flight control system designers; research specialists in flight control, flying qualities, human factors; and technically knowledgeable lay readers.
