Volatile Biomarkers Emitted by Cell Cultures PDF Download
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Author: Thomas W. E. Chippendale
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Thomas W. E. Chippendale
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Brandon James Umber
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781267171078
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 168
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Book Description
Presented here are the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that were observed to be produced or consumed by healthy and malignant human immune cells as well as those observed in the exhaled breath of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Two lineages of white cells were investigated: the lymphoid and the myeloid line of cellular differentiation. The lymphoid lineage was investigated using cultured human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors and cryogenically preserved leukemic cells collected from patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Likewise, the myeloid lineage was investigated using mature neutrophils from healthy donors, the HL60 cell line (malignant immature neutrophils), and the whole air collection of the exhaled breath of patients with AML. Cell cultures were grown in hermetically sealable glass culture flasks and the headspace above the culture was collected for analysis. The exhaled breath of patients with AML and the exhalant of healthy controls were collected in evacuated stainless steel canisters. Analysis of the samples was performed using gas chromatography. Cultured PBMCs were shown to reduce the concentration of acetaldehyde in the headspace relative to controls. Acetaldehyde in the headspace was 1.9±1 ppbv less than what was present in the media. Likewise hexanaldehyde was lower by 0.10±0.05 ppbv. Acute lymphocytic leukemia cells produced greater amounts of acetaldehyde and dimethyl sulfide relative to controls: 14±5 ppbv and 200±50 ppbv above controls. Healthy nuetrophils in culture produced a concentration of acetaldehyde of 4.5±5.4 ppbv above control and had a level of hexanaldehyde 80±60 pptv below controls. The HL60 cells produced 11±3 ppbv of acetaldehyde and 200±70 pptv of hexanladehyde. The exhaled breath of patients with AML contained levels of five VOCs that were significantly different from those found in the healthy controls: acetaldehyde, butane, carbon disulfide, carbonyl sulfide, and heptane. Carbon disulfide and butane were present in levels above the healthy controls and the ambient room concentrations: 15±17 pptv and 700±1,300 pptv. With the goal of diagnostic efficacy in mind it is hoped that the nascent VOC profile of leukemia discussed in this work may provide a foundation for future studies.
Author: Usha Kalluri
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Anoxemia
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
"Early diagnosis of lung cancer improves patient outcomes which has led to a search for non-invasive diagnostic tests suitable for population screening. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath have shown potential, however, confirmation of the metabolic origins and disease specificity of candidate markers is required. Cell culture metabolomics can identify disease biomarkers and their origins. To date VOC profiles from in vitro cultured cancer cells have little similarity to cancer breath VOC profiles. In vivo, cancer cells experience hypoxia whereas in vitro cells are cultured under normoxic conditions. Since hypoxia influences cell metabolism, we hypothesize that cancer cells cultured under hypoxic conditions will have altered cell metabolism and produce VOC profiles more typical of cancer breathe. This study investigates the effect of hypoxia on metabolic reprogramming in A549 lung cancer cells cultured under standard normoxic (atmospheric oxygen) or hypoxic (2% oxygen) conditions. Results from quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated a significant upregulation in hypoxia of the glucose transporter (GLUT1) and the key TCA regulatory gene PDHK1, demonstrating that hypoxia plays a pivotal role in regulating metabolism in A549 cells. A ratio-metric assessment of Lipid Peroxidation (LPO) and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) showed an increase in LPO and a slight decrease in the production of ROS in hypoxic cultures, the combined effect of which may serve to equip the cells to adapt to and proliferate under low oxygen. Finally, the comparison of endogenous VOCs produced by A549 cells under hypoxic and normoxic conditions identified twelve VOCs unique to cells grown under hypoxic conditions including n-pentane, a marker of LPO and cancer, and 3-methyl hexane, which has been reported as a biomarker of cancer. This data is consistent with the hypothesis that a hypoxic tumour microenvironment may influence cell metabolism leading to a unique and diagnostic cancer VOC profile." - Thesis Summary.
Author: Cristina Davis
Publisher: Newnes
ISBN: 0444626204
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 599
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Book Description
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath, sweat or urine carry much information on the state of human health. The role of VOCs in clinical diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring is expected to become increasingly significant due to recent advances in the field. Volatile Biomarkers: Non-Invasive Diagnosis in Physiology and Medicine includes the latest discoveries and applications for VOCs from the world's foremost scientists and clinicians working in this emerging analytic area. - Appeals to a multidisciplinary audience, including scientists, researchers, and clinicians with an interest in breath analysis - Features the latest scientific research and technical breakthroughs in the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of volatile organic compounds - Includes case presentations documenting applications in multiple areas of human health and safety
Author: I. Horvath
Publisher: European Respiratory Society
ISBN: 1849840059
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 261
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Book Description
Exhaled air contains numerous substances, often in extremely low concentrations. The development of sensitive detection techniques has made it possible to examine the composition of exhaled air in relation to a variety of airway diseases and other disorders. In this book, an overview of current cutting-edge breath analysis techniques and their clinical applications is provided for the clinician. The various contributions give a fascinating perspective of a future where new, highly sensitive methodologies will enable clinicians to diagnose and monitor a wide variety of diseases merely by taking.
Author: Jonathan Beauchamp
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128223979
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 724
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Book Description
Breathborne biomarkers carry information on the state of human health, and their role in aiding clinical diagnosis or in therapeutic monitoring has become increasingly important as advances in the field are made. Breathborne Biomarkers and the Human Volatilome, Second Edition, provides a comprehensive update and reworking of the 2013 book Volatile Biomarkers, by Anton Amann and David Smith. The new editing team has expanded this edition beyond volatile organic compounds to cover the broad field of breath analysis, including the many exciting developments that have occurred since the first edition was published. This thoroughly revised volume includes the latest discoveries and applications in breath research from the world's foremost scientists, and offers insights into related future developments. It is an ideal resource for researchers, scientists, and clinicians with an interest in breath analysis. - Presents recent advances in the field of breath analysis - Includes an extensive overview of established biomarkers, detection tools, disease targets, specific applications, data analytics, and study design - Offers a broad treatise of each topic, from basic concepts to a comprehensive review of discoveries, current consensus of understanding, and prospective future developments - Acts as both a primer for beginners and a reference for seasoned researchers
Author: United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 728
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Book Description
This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
Author: Hossam Haick
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1839167009
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 523
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Book Description
Volatile biomarkers play a significant signalling role in communication between biological cells living as individual entities or as mini-societies that sense, respond and adapt to changes in their environment. In this process, volatile biomarkers can leak into the blood, from which they can be secreted into most body fluids (blood, breath, skin, urine, saliva, feces, etc.), from which sensing devices can capture and interpret their chemical fingerprint to reflect any association with health disorders in a fast, easy, and minimally non-invasive manner. This book introduces the concept of biomarkers within the body in terms of basic and translational sciences. It starts with a comprehensive review of the expression and mechanistic pathways involving volatile biomarkers at single cell and (micro)organism levels, cell-to-cell and cell-to-organism communications, and their secretion into body fluids. It discusses several ways for discovering and detecting the secreted biomarkers using mass spectrometry and other spectroscopic techniques. This is followed by an appraisal and translation of the accumulating knowledge from the laboratory to the Point-of-Care phase, using selective sensors as well as desktop and wearable artificial sensing devices, e.g., electronic noses and electronic skins, in conjugation with AI-assisted data processing and healthcare decision-making in diagnostics. The book offers an outlook into the challenges in the continuing development of volatile biomarkers and their wider availability to healthcare, which can be substantially improved. It should appeal to research groups in universities, start-up and large-scale industries associated in all aspects of biomedicine.
Author: Cristina Davis
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 9780444626134
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath, sweat or urine carry much information on the state of human health. The role of VOCs in clinical diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring is expected to become increasingly significant due to recent advances in the field. Volatile Biomarkers: Non-Invasive Diagnosis in Physiology and Medicine includes the latest discoveries and applications for VOCs from the world's foremost scientists and clinicians working in this emerging analytic area.
Author:
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN:
Category : House & Home
Languages : en
Pages : 488
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Book Description
This book presents WHO guidelines for the protection of public health from risks due to a number of chemicals commonly present in indoor air. The substances considered in this review, i.e. benzene, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, naphthalene, nitrogen dioxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (especially benzo[a]pyrene), radon, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene, have indoor sources, are known in respect of their hazardousness to health and are often found indoors in concentrations of health concern. The guidelines are targeted at public health professionals involved in preventing health risks of environmental exposures, as well as specialists and authorities involved in the design and use of buildings, indoor materials and products. They provide a scientific basis for legally enforceable standards.
