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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 4
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Book Description
To estimate the impact of anthropogenic noise sources on marine mammals, we must develop the ability to predict both physiological and behavioral responses of cetaceans to diverse acoustic sources. Behavioral experimentation is constrained by both technical and ethical considerations, but the detailed simulation of auditory processing provides a necessary alternative. The objective of this task is to create three-dimensional interactive simulations of sound propagation and impacts from both impulse and continuous sound sources. The visualizations will be driven by anatomical and simulation data provided by the Woods Hole Institute (WHOI) and BU (Boston University). This effort will extend prior research by using new visualization tools to model both the auditory system and the salient aspects of the skull and jaw involved in focusing incoming sound. The frames for rendered movies will be generated using finite element models. The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) team will assemble the frames and create a three-dimensional movie linked to predictive models for the behavior of the auditory system. The movie can be displayed using an interactive three-dimensional display as well as a desktop workstation. During the second year of research, NRL will attempt to prototype a web-based implementation of the volume rendering techniques developed in year 1.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 4
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Book Description
To estimate the impact of anthropogenic noise sources on marine mammals, we must develop the ability to predict both physiological and behavioral responses of cetaceans to diverse acoustic sources. Behavioral experimentation is constrained by both technical and ethical considerations, but the detailed simulation of auditory processing provides a necessary alternative. The objective of this task is to create three-dimensional interactive simulations of sound propagation and impacts from both impulse and continuous sound sources. The visualizations will be driven by anatomical and simulation data provided by the Woods Hole Institute (WHOI) and BU (Boston University). This effort will extend prior research by using new visualization tools to model both the auditory system and the salient aspects of the skull and jaw involved in focusing incoming sound. The frames for rendered movies will be generated using finite element models. The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) team will assemble the frames and create a three-dimensional movie linked to predictive models for the behavior of the auditory system. The movie can be displayed using an interactive three-dimensional display as well as a desktop workstation. During the second year of research, NRL will attempt to prototype a web-based implementation of the volume rendering techniques developed in year 1.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Auditory perception
Languages : en
Pages : 126
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Book Description
Author: Whitlow W.L. Au
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461211506
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 499
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Book Description
Here, experts in different areas of the field provide an overview of the bioacoustics of whales and dolphins as well as a thorough introduction to the subject for investigators of hearing in other animals. Topics covered include the structure and function of cetacean auditory systems, the unique sound production system of odontocetes, acoustic communication, psychoacoustics, echolocation and models of sound propagation.
Author: Darlene R. Ketten
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Minke whale
Languages : en
Pages : 25
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Book Description
Ultimately this research is to provide proof of concept for using modeling techniques to provide reliable hearing estimates for species thought to be most liable to impacts from oceanic sound sources. To address this, preliminary data were acquired that may later be applied toward calculating a model audiogram of large whale hearing that demonstrates the ability to accurately estimate hearing ranges and peak sensitivities using current anatomical and biomedical engineering techniques. The model proposed is to be created from neuroanatomical data combined with direct measures of middle and inner ear stiffness. For now, preliminary data have been collected, with anatomical measures obtained for the heads and inner ears of two beaked and two minke whales, as well as for 10 ears from these and additional animals. A partial frequency range map for the minke has been completed via CT and histologic data. Specimens have been used to redesign a piezo electric system to accommodate baleen ears, and point stiffness measures have been accomplished for the middle ears of some of the test minke specimens. These data have been compared with earlier results from multiple odontocete and land mammal ears.
Author: W. John Richardson
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080573037
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 593
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Book Description
Many marine mammals communicate by emitting sounds that pass through water. Such sounds can be received across great distances and can influence the behavior of these undersea creatures. In the past few decades, the oceans have become increasingly noisy, as underwater sounds from propellers, sonars, and other human activities make it difficult for marine mammals to communicate. This book discusses, among many other topics, just how well marine mammals hear, how noisy the oceans have become, and what effects these new sounds have on marine mammals. The baseline of ambient noise, the sounds produced by machines and mammals, the sensitivity of marine mammal hearing, and the reactions of marine mammals are also examined. An essential addition to any marine biologist's library, Marine Mammals and Noise will be especially appealing to marine mammalogists, researchers, policy makers and regulators, and marine biologists and oceanographers using sound in their research.
Author: Jeanette A. Thomas
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780306436956
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 736
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Book Description
This book evolved through the efforts of several organizations and the dedication of many individuals. In 1987, we received arequest to propose a workshop topic for the Fifth International Theriological Congress (ITC) to be held in August 1989 in Rome, Italy. After looking up the meaning of the word "theriological" in the dictionary and discovering that it pertains to mammalian behavior, we decided a symposium on sensory abilities of whales and dOlphins would be an interesting topic. The ITC convenes only every five years and has the distinction of being very weIl attended by scientists from around the world. We thought that hosting a workshop in conjunction with the ITC would attract a variety of international scientists that rarely have the opportunity to interact. Fortunately for all involved, our prediction was correct. The first two days of the workshop, 23-24 August 1989, were held in conjunction with ITC and the nearly 1,000 attending scientists were able to view our posters and listen to lectures. The third day was limited to only ab out 65 invited scientists who were divided into topical working groups chaired by a rapporteur.
Author: Walter M. X. Zimmer
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139498096
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 367
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Book Description
Passive acoustic monitoring is increasingly used by the scientific community to study, survey and census marine mammals, especially cetaceans, many of which are easier to hear than to see. PAM is also used to support efforts to mitigate potential negative effects of human activities such as ship traffic, military and civilian sonar and offshore exploration. Walter Zimmer provides an integrated approach to PAM, combining physical principles, discussion of technical tools and application-oriented concepts of operations. Additionally, relevant information and tools necessary to assess existing and future PAM systems are presented, with Matlab code used to generate figures and results so readers can reproduce data and modify code to analyse the impact of changes. This allows the principles to be studied whilst discovering potential difficulties and side effects. Aimed at graduate students and researchers, the book provides all information and tools necessary to gain a comprehensive understanding of this interdisciplinary subject.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309050251
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 91
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Book Description
This volume reviews the current state of knowledge regarding the effects of low-frequency sound on marine mammals and makes recommendations for research. In addition, the book describes current federal regulations prescribed under the Marine Mammal Protection Act that govern the taking of marine mammals by scientific research activities, and it recommends changes to expedite the regulatory process dealing with scientific research activities.
Author: Almo Farina
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119230691
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 367
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Book Description
The sounds produced by geophonic, biophonic and technophonic sources are relevant to the function of natural and human modified ecosystems. Passive recording is one of the most non-invasive technologies as its use avoids human intrusion during acoustic surveys and facilitates the accumulation of huge amounts of acoustical data. For the first time, this book collates and reviews the science behind ecoaucostics; illustrating the principles, methods and applications of this exciting new field. Topics covered in this comprehensive volume include; the assessment of biodiversity based on sounds emanating from a variety of environments the best technologies and methods necessary to investigate environmental sounds implications for climate change and urban systems the relationship between landscape ecology and ecoacoustics the conservation of soundscapes and the social value of ecoacoustics areas of potential future research. An invaluable resource for scholars, researchers and students, Ecoacoustics: The Ecological Role of Sounds provides an unrivalled set of ideas, tools and references based on the current state of the field.
Author: Stefan Huggenberger
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128026367
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 539
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Book Description
Atlas of the Anatomy of Dolphins and Whales is a detailed, fully illustrated atlas on the anatomy and morphology of toothed and whalebone whales. The book provides basic knowledge on anatomical structures, in particular, soft tissues, and functions as a standalone reference work for dissecting rooms and labs, and for those sampling stranded and by-caught dolphins in the field. As a companion and supplement to Anatomy of Dolphins: Insights into Body Structure and Function, this atlas will be of great interest to the scientific community, including veterinarians and biologists, as a book of reference. With a modern approach to dolphin anatomy and morphology, this atlas provides the extensive knowledge necessary to practitioners and theoretical scientists such as evolutionary biologists. The conceptual clarity, precision, and comprehensive and updated display of the topographical anatomy of the body of cetaceans in the atlas support and illustrate the authors’ related work, serving as a comprehensive reference for those who are more specifically interested in the details of the anatomy and morphology of porpoises, dolphins and whales. Offers a single reference source and useful teaching tool for visualizing the integrated body and its components Functions as a helpful method for demonstrating the animal’s anatomy prior to dissection, and for teaching topographic and comparative anatomy Provides a unique and authoritative resource that explicitly relates the gross and microscopic anatomy of cetacean organs and tissues The prenatal development of dolphins is largely achieved
