Under Storm Risk, Economic Productivity of Norway Spruce (Picea Abies (L.) H. Karst) in Monoculture Shows Sharper Decline Than in Mixture with European Beech (Fagus Sylvatica L.) PDF Download
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Author: Robin Bourke
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Abstract: Key message By calibrating and validating a forest growth model for seven species in Germany and coupling it with a wind damage simulator, we specifically estimated the impact of wind damage on the net present value of Norway spruce and European beech in mixture and monoculture. Under risk, the net present value of spruce managements saw the sharpest declines, although the highest end net present value was still obtained through a heavily thinned spruce monoculture. Context Wind damage is one of the most important risks to Central European forests, and adaptation measures are essential. Aim Adaptive management strategies should simultaneously account for forest production and wind risk. We simulated the effect of adaptive measures on wind-risk in German forests. Methods A process-based forest growth model, "3-PG Mix", was recalibrated and coupled with the storm damage risk model "Lothar". We investigated the effect of thinning regimes on wind risk in monoculture and mixed species stands. The net present value of the simulated regimes was calculated and compared (risk vs. no risk). Results Spruce regimes achieved the highest net present values when risk was not considered. Considering risk in spruce and beech mixtures and monoculture, all regimes reached values below 3000 € ha−1 by year 120. The exception was a heavily thinned spruce monoculture at 4507 € ha−1, being the most profitable regime under risk. Conclusion We conclude, on the basis of this modelling study, that heavy thinning reduced storm risk and maintained a higher net present value in spruce. Species mixture of beech and spruce saw net present values levels remain more constant under risk, while beech monoculture increased
Author: Robin Bourke
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Abstract: Key message By calibrating and validating a forest growth model for seven species in Germany and coupling it with a wind damage simulator, we specifically estimated the impact of wind damage on the net present value of Norway spruce and European beech in mixture and monoculture. Under risk, the net present value of spruce managements saw the sharpest declines, although the highest end net present value was still obtained through a heavily thinned spruce monoculture. Context Wind damage is one of the most important risks to Central European forests, and adaptation measures are essential. Aim Adaptive management strategies should simultaneously account for forest production and wind risk. We simulated the effect of adaptive measures on wind-risk in German forests. Methods A process-based forest growth model, "3-PG Mix", was recalibrated and coupled with the storm damage risk model "Lothar". We investigated the effect of thinning regimes on wind risk in monoculture and mixed species stands. The net present value of the simulated regimes was calculated and compared (risk vs. no risk). Results Spruce regimes achieved the highest net present values when risk was not considered. Considering risk in spruce and beech mixtures and monoculture, all regimes reached values below 3000 € ha−1 by year 120. The exception was a heavily thinned spruce monoculture at 4507 € ha−1, being the most profitable regime under risk. Conclusion We conclude, on the basis of this modelling study, that heavy thinning reduced storm risk and maintained a higher net present value in spruce. Species mixture of beech and spruce saw net present values levels remain more constant under risk, while beech monoculture increased
Author: Åsa Tham
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789157650054
Category : Downy birch
Languages : en
Pages : 21
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Author: A. Bergsma
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 43
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In this study changes in European forest distribution and growing stock volumes are studied for four different tree species: Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). The extrapolated changes are determined using two different sources. The first is the European National Forest Inventory database, which includes an inventory of forest plots of thirteen European countries. From these plots, growing stock volumes were substracted at given locations. In the second source, the WorldClim global climate layers database, climate information as temperature, precipitation etc., was available. Combining the European National Forest Inventory database with the WorldClim dataset, climate information was added for each plot. Temperature and precipitation were classified and grouped. Subsequently, the 75th, 90th and 95th percentiles of growing stock volumes were calculated per temperature and precipitation group. The calculated percentile volume values were, afterwards, spatially extrapolated using the climate scenario conditions for 2000 and two independent IPCC climate scenario conditions for 2080 (pessimistic (A2), medium case (B2), covering Europe. A second study was then performed on climate factors that can influence the species distribution. Two limiting parameters were defined and implemented to calculate the 95th percentile for the minimum temperature during the coldest month and the maximum temperature during the warmest month. This was applied for all the different plots in the forest inventory database. These two parameters were spatially extrapolated to define the potential species distribution maps covering Europe. The extrapolated results acquired for 2000 and 2080 were subsequently analysed. The results show an extreme northward shift for all four species studied. Competition of different species will be much larger as available distribution areas are largely reduced. Stock volumes reached do approximately stay the same for 2000 and 2080 for both scenarios studied. When potential distributions are excluded from the stock volume extrapolations, average productivity is increasing for most of the species. Keeping in mind that commercial forest stands have a turnover rate of several decades, the results of both climate change scenarios studied here show that the choice of the tree species plays an important role when taking a decision on which tree species to use on a forest stand.
Author: Andrés Bravo-Oviedo
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319919539
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 420
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Book Description
The capacity of mixed forests to mitigate climate change effects by increasing resilience and lowering risks is pinpointed as an opportunity to highlight the role of tree species rich forests as part of complex socio-ecological systems. This book updates and presents the state-of-the-art of mixed forest performance in terms of regeneration, growth, yield and delivery of ecosystem services. Examples from more than 20 countries in Europe, North Africa and South America provide insights on the interplay between structure and functionining, stability, silviculture and optimization of management of this type of forests. The book also analyses the role of natural mixed forests and mixed plantations in the delivery of ecosystem services and the best modelling strategy to study mixed forest dynamics. The book is intended to serve as a reference tool for students, researchers and professionals concerned about the management of mixed forests in a context of social and environmental change.
Author: Jordi Catalan
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319559826
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 413
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Book Description
This book provides case studies and general views of the main processes involved in the ecosystem shifts occurring in the high mountains and analyses the implications for nature conservation. Case studies from the Pyrenees are preponderant, with a comprehensive set of mountain ranges surrounded by highly populated lowland areas also being considered. The introductory and closing chapters will summarise the main challenges that nature conservation may face in mountain areas under the environmental shifting conditions. Further chapters put forward approaches from environmental geography, functional ecology, biogeography, and paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Organisms from microbes to large carnivores, and ecosystems from lakes to forest will be considered. This interdisciplinary book will appeal to researchers in mountain ecosystems, students and nature professionals. This book is open access under a CC BY license.
![Damages to Norway Spruce [Picea Abies (L.) Karst] Seedlings Caused by a Late Spring Frost PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/sTv6HAAACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: Mats Hannerz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 19
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![Damages to Norway Spruce [Picea Abies (L.) Karst] Seedlings by a Late Spring Frost PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/q5WFtgAACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: Mats Hannerz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 19
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Author: Norsk institutt for skogforskning
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788271690489
Category : Black spruce
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Gudmundur Halldorsson
Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN: 9289317183
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 124
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Author: François Lieutier
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402022417
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 569
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Book Description
For the first time, a synthesis on the research work done in Europe on all Bark And Wood Boring Insects In Living Trees (BAWBILT) is presented. As final product of a four-year research project gathering together 100 scientists from 24 countries, the book is the fruit of a real collective synthesis in which all European specialists have participated. It reviews and comments on all the European literature, while considering the biological (trees, insects, associated organisms, and their relationships) and forest management aspects. However, although focused on the European forest, it also compares the available information and interpretations to those concerning similar species in other continents. It ends with propositions of research priorities for Europe. The book is directed to all scientists and students concerned with forest entomology and ecology, as well as to forest managers and all scientific public interested in forest biology.
