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Author: Giovanni Tria
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780960012787
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 55
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Book Description
Traces the ups and downs of the Bretton Woods system and tells the story of its evolution from World War II to today. The authors explain the key mechanisms that drove the system until the United States stopped pegging the dollar to gold in 1971, and how that decision and other developments led to what they call 'Bretton Woods II' arrangements.
Author: Giovanni Tria
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780960012787
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 55
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Book Description
Traces the ups and downs of the Bretton Woods system and tells the story of its evolution from World War II to today. The authors explain the key mechanisms that drove the system until the United States stopped pegging the dollar to gold in 1971, and how that decision and other developments led to what they call 'Bretton Woods II' arrangements.
Author: Kevin P. Gallagher
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1509546553
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 140
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Book Description
After the 2008–9 global financial crisis, reforms to promote stability, social inclusion, and sustainability were promised but not delivered. As a result, the global economic situation, marred by inequality, volatility, and climate breakdown, remains dysfunctional. Now, the economic fallout from the Covid-19 pandemic offers us a second chance. Kevin Gallagher and Richard Kozul-Wright argue that we must grasp it by implementing sweeping reforms to how we govern global money, finance, and trade. Without global leaders prepared to boldly rewrite the rules to promote a prosperous, just, and sustainable post-Covid world economic order – a Bretton Woods moment for the twenty-first century – we risk being engulfed by climate chaos and political dysfunction. This book provides a blueprint for change that no one interested in the future of our planet can afford to miss.
Author: Naomi R. Lamoreaux
Publisher: Yale University Press
ISBN: 0300236794
Category : Banks and banking, International
Languages : en
Pages : 505
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Book Description
Commentaries by top scholars alongside the most important documents and speeches concerning the Bretton Woods Conference of 1944 The two world wars brought an end to a long-standing system of international commerce based on the gold standard. After the First World War, the weaknesses in the gold standard contributed to hyperinflation, the Great Depression, the rise of fascism, and ultimately World War II. The Bretton Woods Conference of 1944 arose out of the Allies' desire to design a postwar international economic system that would provide a basis for prosperity, trade, and worldwide economic development. Alongside important documents and speeches concerning the adoption and evolution of the Bretton Woods system, this volume includes lively, readable, original essays on such topics as why the gold standard was doomed, how Bretton Woods encouraged the adoption of Keynesian economics, how the agreements influenced late-twentieth-century ideas of international development, and why the agreements ultimately had to give way to other arrangements.
Author: Benn Steil
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 0691149097
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 480
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Book Description
Recounts the events of the Bretton Woods accords, presents portaits of the two men at the center of the drama, and reveals Harry White's admiration for Soviet economic planning and communications with intelligence officers.
Author: Michael D. Bordo
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226066908
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 692
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Book Description
At the close of the Second World War, when industrialized nations faced serious trade and financial imbalances, delegates from forty-four countries met in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, in order to reconstruct the international monetary system. In this volume, three generations of scholars and policy makers, some of whom participated in the 1944 conference, consider how the Bretton Woods System contributed to unprecedented economic stability and rapid growth for 25 years and discuss the problems that plagued the system and led to its eventual collapse in 1971. The contributors explore adjustment, liquidity, and transmission under the System; the way it affected developing countries; and the role of the International Monetary Fund in maintaining a stable rate. The authors examine the reasons for the System's success and eventual collapse, compare it to subsequent monetary regimes, such as the European Monetary System, and address the possibility of a new fixed exchange rate for today's world.
Author: Stuart Holland
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Financial institutions, International
Languages : en
Pages : 294
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Book Description
"The alternatives are coordinated public policies for recovery of investment and expenditure, restructuring of debt, production and trade and redistribution through social expenditures in favour of the poorest people in the poorer countries. New development expenditures rising to $100 billions a year would have major expansion effects on the world economy as a whole, as would mainly environmental programmes and long-term development assistance for the reforming economies. Scenarios from the Alphametrics-ARCA global model show that such expenditures will register a major increase in employment, trade and welfare for the global economy as a whole."--Jacket.
Author: Kurt Schuler
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781941801017
Category : International finance
Languages : en
Pages : 700
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Book Description
The Bretton Woods Transcripts is the verbatim record of meetings of the conference that established the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. The Bretton Woods conference, named after the New Hampshire town where the conference was held in July 1944, began a new era in international economic cooperation that continues today. Delegates from 44 countries attended the conference. They were a high-powered group: many would later become top officials of the IMF and World Bank, finance ministers, central bank governors, even presidents and prime ministers. Among them, the best known then and now was John Maynard Keynes, the most influential economist of the 20th century, who chaired the meetings that established the World Bank. The conference transcripts were never intended for publication, and give a rare word-for-word record of what participants at a major international gathering said behind closed doors. -- The Related material on the Publisher's website contain photographs of documents circulated at the 1944 conference, from daily news bulletins to the telephone directory at the Mount Washington Hotel. These documents were not published in the 1948 publication of the conference proceedings because they were considered to be of low interest.--Book Jacket.
Author: Orin Kirshner
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317458184
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 336
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Book Description
A collection by founders and early leaders of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), presenting the current thinking on the past, present and future of the postwar system of international finance and trade.
Author: Jomo Kwame Sundaram
Publisher: Columbia University Press
ISBN: 0231527276
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 561
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Book Description
The 1944 Bretton Woods conference created new institutions for international economic governance. Though flawed, the system led to a golden age in postwar reconstruction, sustained economic growth, job creation, and postcolonial development. Yet financial liberalization since the 1970s has involved deregulation and globalization, which have exacerbated instability, rather than sustained growth. In addition, the failure of Bretton Woods to provide a reserve currency enabled the dollar to fill the void, which has contributed to periodic, massive U.S. trade deficits. Our latest global financial crisis, in which all these weaknesses played a part, underscores how urgently we must reform the international financial system. Prepared for the G24 research program, a consortium of developing countries focused on financial issues, this volume argues that such reforms must be developmental. Chapters review historical trends in global liquidity, financial flows to emerging markets, and the food crisis, identifying the systemic flaws that contributed to the recent downturn. They challenge the effectiveness of recent policy and suggest criteria for regulatory reform, keeping in mind the different circumstances, capacities, and capabilities of various economies. Essays follow ongoing revisions in international banking standards, the improved management of international capital flows, the critical role of the World Trade Organization in liberalizing and globalizing financial services, and the need for international tax cooperation. They also propose new global banking and reserve currency arrangements.
Author: Benn Steil
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 1400846579
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 478
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Book Description
A sweeping history of the drama, intrigue, and rivalry behind the creation of the postwar economic order When turmoil strikes world monetary and financial markets, leaders invariably call for 'a new Bretton Woods' to prevent catastrophic economic disorder and defuse political conflict. The name of the remote New Hampshire town where representatives of forty-four nations gathered in July 1944, in the midst of the century's second great war, has become shorthand for enlightened globalization. The actual story surrounding the historic Bretton Woods accords, however, is full of startling drama, intrigue, and rivalry, which are vividly brought to life in Benn Steil's epic account. Upending the conventional wisdom that Bretton Woods was the product of an amiable Anglo-American collaboration, Steil shows that it was in reality part of a much more ambitious geopolitical agenda hatched within President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Treasury and aimed at eliminating Britain as an economic and political rival. At the heart of the drama were the antipodal characters of John Maynard Keynes, the renowned and revolutionary British economist, and Harry Dexter White, the dogged, self-made American technocrat. Bringing to bear new and striking archival evidence, Steil offers the most compelling portrait yet of the complex and controversial figure of White—the architect of the dollar's privileged place in the Bretton Woods monetary system, who also, very privately, admired Soviet economic planning and engaged in clandestine communications with Soviet intelligence officials and agents over many years. A remarkably deft work of storytelling that reveals how the blueprint for the postwar economic order was actually drawn, The Battle of Bretton Woods is destined to become a classic of economic and political history.
