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Author: B.C. van Fraassen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780792344056
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 178
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Book Description
Foundational research focuses on the theory, but theories are to be related also to other theories, experiments, facts in their domains, data, and to their uses in applications, whether of prediction, control, or explanation. A theory is to be identified through its class of models, but not so narrowly as to disallow these roles. The language of science is to be studied separately, with special reference to the relations listed above, and to the consequent need for resources other than for theoretical description. Peculiar to the foundational level are questions of completeness (specifically in the representation of measurement), and of interpretation (a topic beset with confusions of truth and evidence, and with inappropriate metalinguistic abstraction).
Author: B.C. van Fraassen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780792344056
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 178
Get Book Here
Book Description
Foundational research focuses on the theory, but theories are to be related also to other theories, experiments, facts in their domains, data, and to their uses in applications, whether of prediction, control, or explanation. A theory is to be identified through its class of models, but not so narrowly as to disallow these roles. The language of science is to be studied separately, with special reference to the relations listed above, and to the consequent need for resources other than for theoretical description. Peculiar to the foundational level are questions of completeness (specifically in the representation of measurement), and of interpretation (a topic beset with confusions of truth and evidence, and with inappropriate metalinguistic abstraction).
Author: B. C. Van Fraassen
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789401588171
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 172
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Book Description
Author: B.C. van Fraassen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401588163
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 161
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Book Description
Foundational research focuses on the theory, but theories are to be related also to other theories, experiments, facts in their domains, data, and to their uses in applications, whether of prediction, control, or explanation. A theory is to be identified through its class of models, but not so narrowly as to disallow these roles. The language of science is to be studied separately, with special reference to the relations listed above, and to the consequent need for resources other than for theoretical description. Peculiar to the foundational level are questions of completeness (specifically in the representation of measurement), and of interpretation (a topic beset with confusions of truth and evidence, and with inappropriate metalinguistic abstraction).
Author: Shravan Vasishth
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642163130
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 187
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Book Description
Statistics and hypothesis testing are routinely used in areas (such as linguistics) that are traditionally not mathematically intensive. In such fields, when faced with experimental data, many students and researchers tend to rely on commercial packages to carry out statistical data analysis, often without understanding the logic of the statistical tests they rely on. As a consequence, results are often misinterpreted, and users have difficulty in flexibly applying techniques relevant to their own research — they use whatever they happen to have learned. A simple solution is to teach the fundamental ideas of statistical hypothesis testing without using too much mathematics. This book provides a non-mathematical, simulation-based introduction to basic statistical concepts and encourages readers to try out the simulations themselves using the source code and data provided (the freely available programming language R is used throughout). Since the code presented in the text almost always requires the use of previously introduced programming constructs, diligent students also acquire basic programming abilities in R. The book is intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in any discipline, although the focus is on linguistics, psychology, and cognitive science. It is designed for self-instruction, but it can also be used as a textbook for a first course on statistics. Earlier versions of the book have been used in undergraduate and graduate courses in Europe and the US. ”Vasishth and Broe have written an attractive introduction to the foundations of statistics. It is concise, surprisingly comprehensive, self-contained and yet quite accessible. Highly recommended.” Harald Baayen, Professor of Linguistics, University of Alberta, Canada ”By using the text students not only learn to do the specific things outlined in the book, they also gain a skill set that empowers them to explore new areas that lie beyond the book’s coverage.” Colin Phillips, Professor of Linguistics, University of Maryland, USA
Author: Randall Pruim
Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN: 1470428482
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 842
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Book Description
Foundations and Applications of Statistics simultaneously emphasizes both the foundational and the computational aspects of modern statistics. Engaging and accessible, this book is useful to undergraduate students with a wide range of backgrounds and career goals. The exposition immediately begins with statistics, presenting concepts and results from probability along the way. Hypothesis testing is introduced very early, and the motivation for several probability distributions comes from p-value computations. Pruim develops the students' practical statistical reasoning through explicit examples and through numerical and graphical summaries of data that allow intuitive inferences before introducing the formal machinery. The topics have been selected to reflect the current practice in statistics, where computation is an indispensible tool. In this vein, the statistical computing environment R is used throughout the text and is integral to the exposition. Attention is paid to developing students' mathematical and computational skills as well as their statistical reasoning. Linear models, such as regression and ANOVA, are treated with explicit reference to the underlying linear algebra, which is motivated geometrically. Foundations and Applications of Statistics discusses both the mathematical theory underlying statistics and practical applications that make it a powerful tool across disciplines. The book contains ample material for a two-semester course in undergraduate probability and statistics. A one-semester course based on the book will cover hypothesis testing and confidence intervals for the most common situations. In the second edition, the R code has been updated throughout to take advantage of new R packages and to illustrate better coding style. New sections have been added covering bootstrap methods, multinomial and multivariate normal distributions, the delta method, numerical methods for Bayesian inference, and nonlinear least squares. Also, the use of matrix algebra has been expanded, but remains optional, providing instructors with more options regarding the amount of linear algebra required.
Author: ALAN. KATERI AGRESTI (MARIA.)
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780367748432
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 488
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Book Description
Designed as a textbook for a one or two-term introduction to mathematical statistics for students training to become data scientists, Foundations of Statistics for Data Scientists: With R and Python is an in-depth presentation of the topics in statistical science with which any data scientist should be familiar, including probability distributions, descriptive and inferential statistical methods, and linear modelling. The book assumes knowledge of basic calculus, so the presentation can focus on 'why it works' as well as 'how to do it.' Compared to traditional "mathematical statistics" textbooks, however, the book has less emphasis on probability theory and more emphasis on using software to implement statistical methods and to conduct simulations to illustrate key concepts. All statistical analyses in the book use R software, with an appendix showing the same analyses with Python. The book also introduces modern topics that do not normally appear in mathematical statistics texts but are highly relevant for data scientists, such as Bayesian inference, generalized linear models for non-normal responses (e.g., logistic regression and Poisson loglinear models), and regularized model fitting. The nearly 500 exercises are grouped into "Data Analysis and Applications" and "Methods and Concepts." Appendices introduce R and Python and contain solutions for odd-numbered exercises. The book's website has expanded R, Python, and Matlab appendices and all data sets from the examples and exercises. Alan Agresti, Distinguished Professor Emeritus at the University of Florida, is the author of seven books, including Categorical Data Analysis (Wiley) and Statistics: The Art and Science of Learning from Data (Pearson), and has presented short courses in 35 countries. His awards include an honorary doctorate from De Montfort University (UK) and the Statistician of the Year from the American Statistical Association (Chicago chapter). Maria Kateri, Professor of Statistics and Data Science at the RWTH Aachen University, authored the monograph Contingency Table Analysis: Methods and Implementation Using R (Birkhäuser/Springer) and a textbook on mathematics for economists (in German). She has a long-term experience in teaching statistics courses to students of Data Science, Mathematics, Statistics, Computer Science, and Business Administration and Engineering. "The main goal of this textbook is to present foundational statistical methods and theory that are relevant in the field of data science. The authors depart from the typical approaches taken by many conventional mathematical statistics textbooks by placing more emphasis on providing the students with intuitive and practical interpretations of those methods with the aid of R programming codes...I find its particular strength to be its intuitive presentation of statistical theory and methods without getting bogged down in mathematical details that are perhaps less useful to the practitioners" (Mintaek Lee, Boise State University) "The aspects of this manuscript that I find appealing: 1. The use of real data. 2. The use of R but with the option to use Python. 3. A good mix of theory and practice. 4. The text is well-written with good exercises. 5. The coverage of topics (e.g. Bayesian methods and clustering) that are not usually part of a course in statistics at the level of this book." (Jason M. Graham, University of Scranton)
Author: Timothy C. Kearns
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781546277484
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 538
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Book Description
Foundations of Mathematics and Statistics is a summary of the basic principles of math and statistics for students that are interested in pursuing studies in the mathematical sciences. The first goal is to provide a good foundation of knowledge and ability with the basics of mathematics. This includes logic, sets, number systems, algebra, geometry, trigonometry, and the calculus. Then the remainder of the book deals with the fundamental topics of applied and mathematical statistics, including probability, random variables, expected value, samples, distributions, hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, and an introduction to linear regression and correlation. The book can be used by all students that need a summary of math fundamentals, with a sound introduction to the basics of statistical thinking and methodology. Those that need a good familiarity with math and statistics would find this book a valuable supplemental reading, along with the fair amount of exercises that are included in order to reinforce the important ideas.
Author: Göran Kauermann
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030698270
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 361
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Book Description
This textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to statistical principles, concepts and methods that are essential in modern statistics and data science. The topics covered include likelihood-based inference, Bayesian statistics, regression, statistical tests and the quantification of uncertainty. Moreover, the book addresses statistical ideas that are useful in modern data analytics, including bootstrapping, modeling of multivariate distributions, missing data analysis, causality as well as principles of experimental design. The textbook includes sufficient material for a two-semester course and is intended for master’s students in data science, statistics and computer science with a rudimentary grasp of probability theory. It will also be useful for data science practitioners who want to strengthen their statistics skills.
Author: Jianqing Fan
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0429527616
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 942
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Book Description
Statistical Foundations of Data Science gives a thorough introduction to commonly used statistical models, contemporary statistical machine learning techniques and algorithms, along with their mathematical insights and statistical theories. It aims to serve as a graduate-level textbook and a research monograph on high-dimensional statistics, sparsity and covariance learning, machine learning, and statistical inference. It includes ample exercises that involve both theoretical studies as well as empirical applications. The book begins with an introduction to the stylized features of big data and their impacts on statistical analysis. It then introduces multiple linear regression and expands the techniques of model building via nonparametric regression and kernel tricks. It provides a comprehensive account on sparsity explorations and model selections for multiple regression, generalized linear models, quantile regression, robust regression, hazards regression, among others. High-dimensional inference is also thoroughly addressed and so is feature screening. The book also provides a comprehensive account on high-dimensional covariance estimation, learning latent factors and hidden structures, as well as their applications to statistical estimation, inference, prediction and machine learning problems. It also introduces thoroughly statistical machine learning theory and methods for classification, clustering, and prediction. These include CART, random forests, boosting, support vector machines, clustering algorithms, sparse PCA, and deep learning.
Author: M. Ataharul Islam
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811086273
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 475
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Book Description
This book offers a comprehensive guide to essential techniques and methods in biostatistics, addressing the underlying concepts to aid in comprehension. The use of biostatistics techniques has increased manifold in the recent past, due to their suitability for applications in a wide range of problems in various fields. This book helps learners grasp the materials in detail, equipping them to use biostatistics techniques independently and confidently. The book starts with a summary of background materials, followed by methods and techniques. As such, with only minimum guidance from teachers, this book can provide materials for self-learning of biostatistics techniques with a deeper level of understanding. The first two chapters focus on fundamental concepts, sources of data, data types, organization of data, and descriptive statistics, followed by the basic probability concepts, distributions and sampling distributions needed in order to combine descriptive statistics with inferential techniques. Estimation and tests of hypotheses are illustrated in two separate chapters. Important measures of association, linear regression, analysis of variance and logistic regression, and proportional hazards models are then presented systematically, ensuring that the book covers the topics most essential to students and users of biostatistics in connection with a wide range of applications in various fields. The book has been carefully structured, and the content is presented in a sequence covering the essential background in a highly systematic manner, supporting the learning process by presenting theory and applications that complement one another.
