Thyroid Development in Larval Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser Fulvescens) and the Potential Thyroid Disruption Associated with Exposure to the Organophosphate Pesticide Chlorpyrifos PDF Download
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Author: Duncan Burnett
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Duncan Burnett
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Kyla Marie Walter
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780438630222
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Thyroid hormones (THs) are essential for the proper development, growth and function of several organ systems, including the nervous, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal systems. THs also contribute to homeostatic processes throughout life such as energy balance, thermoregulation, and endocrine regulation. Many environmental chemicals are suspected to disrupt the regulation of circulating TH concentrations and/or alter normal TH signaling. Thus, TH disruption is widely postulated as a mechanism by which environmental chemicals may cause adverse physiological outcomes. However, several gaps in our understanding of TH action and TH disruption have limited the development of predictive endpoints to screen chemicals for TH disruption. The five chapters contained herein investigate the use of two alternative models for studying TH disruption: larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) and housecats with naturally occurring hyperthyroidism. Zebrafish have been proposed as a promising model for studying TH-dependent mechanisms of neurodevelopment, screening chemicals for TH disrupting activity, and elucidating the adverse outcome pathways by which TH-disrupting chemical interfere with neurodevelopment. In Chapters 2-4, I characterized the impact of TH disruption in larval zebrafish. Several endpoints exhibited sensitivity to TH disruption including mRNA expression of core TH signaling genes, teratology, photomotor swimming behavior, and oligodendrocyte numbers in the spinal cord. These findings have significant implications for adapting zebrafish as a model for chemical screening and mechanistic studies of TH disrupting chemicals. In Chapter 5, I investigated the association between exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDEs), two chemical families suspected to cause TH disruption, and the development of feline hyperthyroidism. I demonstrated that the sum total PBDE concentrations in our feline samples were approximately 50 times greater than concentrations previously reported in the human population from a geographically similar area, and I identified four PBDE congeners (BDE17, BDE100, BDE47, and BDE49) and five PCB congeners (PCB131, PCB153, PCB174, PCB180, and PCB196) with significantly higher concentrations in hyperthyroid cats compared to control cats. Domestic housecats, with their elevated exposure to PBDEs, may serve as sentinels for the adverse health effects associated with exposure to these environmental pollutants.
Author: International Program on Chemical Safety
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9241547960
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 82
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Book Description
"The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard was approved by the 28th World Health Assembly in 1975 and has since gained wide acceptance. When it was published in the WHO Chronicle, 29, 397-401 (1975), an annex, which was not part of the Classification, illustrated its use by listing examples of classification of some pesticidal active ingredients and their formulations. Later suggestions were made by Member States and pesticide registration authorities that further guidance should be given on the classification of individual pesticides. Guidelines were first issued in 1978, and have since been revised and reissued every few years. Up until the present revision the original guidelines approved by the World Health Assembly in 1975 have been followed without amendment. In December, 2002 the United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods and on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (UNCETDG/GHS) approved a document called 'The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals' with the intent to provide a globally-harmonized system1 (GHS) to address classification of chemicals, labels, and safety data sheets. The GHS (with subsequent revisions) is now being widely used for the classification and labeling of chemicals worldwide. For this revision of the Classification the WHO Hazard Classes have been aligned in an appropriate way with the GHS Acute Toxicity Hazard Categories for acute oral or dermal toxicity as the starting point for allocating pesticides to a WHO Hazard Class (with adjustments for individual pesticides where required). It is anticipated that few of the more toxic pesticides will change WHO Hazard Class as a result of this change. As has always been the case, the classification of some pesticides has been adjusted to take account of severe hazards to health other than acute toxicity (as described in Part II). The GHS Acute Toxicity Hazard Category for each pesticide is now presented alongside the existing information"--Page 1.
Author: Robert Seviour
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 1843390329
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 685
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Book Description
Microbial Ecology of Activated Sludge, written for both microbiologists and engineers, critically reviews our current understanding of the microbiology of activated sludge, the most commonly used process for treating both domestic and industrial wastes. The contributors are all internationally recognized as leading research workers in activated sludge microbiology, and all have made valuable contributions to our present understanding of the process. The book pays particular attention to how the application of molecular methods has changed our perceptions of the identity of the filamentous bacteria causing the operational disorders of bulking and foaming, and the bacteria responsible for nitrification and denitrification and phosphorus accumulation in nutrient removal processes. Special attention is given to how it is now becoming possible to relate the composition of the community of microbes present in activated sludge, and the in situ function of individual populations there, and how such information might be used to manage and control these systems better. Detailed descriptions of some of these molecular methods are provided to allow newcomers to this field of study an opportunity to apply them in their research. Comprehensive descriptions of organisms of interest and importance are also given, together with high quality photos of activated sludge microbes. Activated sludge processes have been used globally for nearly 100 years, and yet we still know very little of how they work. In the past 15 years the advent of molecular culture independent methods of study have provided tools enabling microbiologists to understand which organisms are present in activated sludge, and critically, what they might be doing there. Microbial Ecology of Activated Sludge will be the first book available to deal comprehensively with the very exciting new information from applying these methods, and their impact on how we now view microbiologically mediated processes taking place there. As such it will be essential reading for microbial ecologists, environmental biotechnologists and engineers involved in designing and managing these plants. It will also be suitable for postgraduate students working in this field.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Committee for Inland Fisheries of Africa
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9789251035771
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Book Description
Author: Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319734768
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 275
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Book Description
The indiscriminate use of medications and their inadequate disposal have resulted in them being released into the environment via municipal, hospital and industrial discharges. This volume critically examines the presence of pharmaceuticals in aquatic ecosystems, the hazards they entail, and how to minimize their impact on the environment. The topics covered include: historical findings that have made the development of the discipline ecopharmacovigilance possible; the main exposure routes, fate and life cycle of pharmaceuticals in water; occurrence data and the impact on biodiversity; methods used for the detection, analysis and quantification of pharmaceuticals in water and for their removal; current legislation on the presence of emerging contaminants in water; biosensors for environmental analysis and monitoring; and the measures needed to reduce the existing problems. This book is aimed at students, academics and research workers in the fields of toxicology, ecology, microbiology and chemistry, as well as those in the pharmaceutical industry, health sector professionals, and members of government bodies involved in environmental protection and legislation.
Author: N. Hazon
Publisher: BIOS Scientific Publishers
ISBN: 9781859960943
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 190
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Book Description
This volume presents some of the most exciting recent advances in the area of osmoregulation, from the control of gene expression to whole animal response. In particular, the differences and similarities in the drinking response between a number of vertebrate groups including both aquatic and terrestrial organisms are discussed. This volume will be of interest to all those working in the fields of marine and freshwater biology, comparative physiology and endocrinology and molecular biology of ion transporters and water channels. This book is in the Experimental Biology Reviews series (also known as SEB Seminar Series).
Author: John E. Elliott
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387894322
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 476
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Book Description
Many books have now been published in the broad field of environmental toxicology. However, to date, none of have presented the often fascinating stories of the wildlife science, and the steps along the way from discovery of problems caused by environmental pollutants to the regulatory and non-regulatory efforts to address the problems. This book provides case by case examinations of how toxic chemical effects on wildlife have brought about policy and regulatory decisions, and positive changes in environmental conditions. Wild animal stories, whether they are about the disappearance of charismatic top predators, or of grossly deformed embryos or frogs, provide powerful symbols that can and have captured the public's imagination and have resulted in increased awareness by decision makers. It is the intent of this book to present factual and balanced overviews and summaries of the science and the subsequent regulatory processes that followed to effect change (or not). We cover a variety of chemicals and topics beginning with an update of the classic California coastal DDT story of eggshell thinning and avian reproduction to more recent cases, such as the veterinarian pharmaceutical that has brought three species of Asian vultures to the brink of extinction. Researchers, regulators, educators, NGOs and the general public will find valuable insights into the processes and mechanisms involved both in environmental scientific investigation and in efforts to effect positive change.
Author: Neil Hazon
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642604153
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 217
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Book Description
This book draws together the most relevant and recent advances in the area of ionic transport in animals. In particular, it describes the role of modern cell and molecular biology research techniques in this rapidly advancing field. These techniques have led to important advances in our knowledge of cellular mechanisms of ion transporting epithelia, the role and expression of osmoregulatory hormones and a new understanding of whole body salt and water balance.
Author: Martine Guigon
Publisher: John Libbey Eurotext
ISBN: 9782742000159
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 546
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Book Description
This book gives an update on the inhibitory mechanisms involved in the various steps of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation and differentiation. The authors report the latest research advances, factors that control the cell cycle, receptors function, molecular approaches, the in vivo and in vitro effects of several inhibitors, the inhibition of hematopoiesis by viruses, protecting the bone marrow. The book contains the latest results published by the best international specialists and will be fascinating reading for all those interested in this subject.
