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Author: Lin Cui
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Lin Cui
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Haoying Wang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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This dissertation research takes three different approaches to study the urban land development process, mainly from a supply side perspective. The three approaches are organized into different essay chapters. Each chapter has its independent framework and methodology. Chapter 2 uses numerical optimization methods to explore how residential households allocate across space with introduction of distance related amenity/disamenity, as well as under nonmonocentric urban spatial structure. Chapter 3 proposes an agent-based simulation of housing market and land development to understand the role of home improvement as part of housing supply. An important feature of the proposed agent-based simulation model is that it allows for neighborhood spillover effects among home improvement activities. Chapter 4 assembles a micro panel data to empirically investigate the relationship between manufacturing decline and increased residential land development in Allegheny county, PA. One policy implication of the results is that, there might be a significant underestimate of household willingness to pay (WTP) for better air quality, due to the supply side effect of manufacturing decline induced air quality change.
Author: Jae-Wan Ahn
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air quality
Languages : en
Pages : 115
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The United States is a highly urbanized nation. Today, with a growing number of people living in cities, a better understanding of how changes within urban areas impact the well-being of residents has important implications for policymakers and communities. The urban spatial structure of these cities is continually evolving, and in different ways across cities. This changing urban environment has substantial impacts on health and well-being. This dissertation takes a comprehensive view of social welfare from a policy perspective, including questions related to environmental degradation and public health, in order to scrutinize how urban gradients and urban spatial structures yield different consequences and affect residents in various ways. My first chapter explores how changing urbanization patterns in the United States influences air quality outcomes. Specifically, I seek to answer whether more compact forms of residential development result in better air quality relative to more sprawling patterns. I use spatially explicit data on air pollution and residential development, including over 6 million observations on new housing from tax assessment data, across large metropolitan areas to reveal a causal link between urban sprawl and air pollution from vehicle traffic. I find that compact cities experience a larger reduction in nitrogen dioxide and ozone compared with sprawling cities. In my second chapter, I explore the health benefits of urban green space. In order to better understand the impacts of urban green space on health outcomes, I examine the effects of city park area on mortality rates from cardiovascular disease among the elderly. I combine city park data with data on mortality rates, behavioral risk factors, and socioeconomic characteristics to conduct comparative case studies utilizing a synthetic control method. I select cities with significantly increased and reduced park area and examine how health benefits vary compared to cities where park area has not expanded. My results indicate that cities with increased park area experience a larger reduction in cardiovascular mortality for the elderly compared to their synthetic counterparts, although cities with reduced park area fail to show that there is a negative causal link between the reduction of parkland and cardiovascular mortality. In my third chapter, I study spatial variations in housing market resilience within and across U.S. metropolitan areas. I investigate how residential housing markets respond to the economic boom and bust periods before, during and after the Great Recession across urban, suburban, and exurban areas. Using over 15 million observations of housing sales across the largest 51 metropolitan areas of over one million population, this essay focuses on variations across census tracts to trace the path of housing prices at the neighborhood level. The results indicate that, relative to suburban and exurban areas, housing markets in urban areas were harder hit during the recession but recovered faster after the market crash. Urban and exurban housing markets within cities with high geographical restrictions fell to a similar extent during the bust. I also find that the West region was particularly volatile during this sample period.
Author: Chun Il Kim
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 126
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This dissertation consists of three essays on urban structure, housing, and environment. The first paper contributes to the existing debate on the co-location hypothesis by devising a proximity measure and controlling for a set of other urban form measures. Multiple regression analysis revealed that job-worker proximity leads to shorter commuting time. In addition, results from subareas suggested that the impact of job-worker imbalance and the impact of job-worker mismatch on the commuting time are both greater in the suburb in comparison with the city center. The second paper examines the impact of the LIHTC construction on nearby housing prices in the Boston metropolitan area by using the AITS-DID method. The paper found that the price gap between the LIHTC micro-neighborhood and the area beyond is reduced by approximately 16.5 percent points after the LIHTC construction. The segmentation of the analysis by sub-region showed spatially heterogeneous results. The findings from this research are contrary to the conventional perception that subsidized housing developments lead to neighborhood decline persistently. Measuring resilience to natural hazards is a central issue in the hazard mitigation sciences. The third paper applied a confirmatory factor methodology to operationalize the biophysical, built environment, and socioeconomic resilience dimensions for local jurisdictions in large urban metropolitan areas in South Korea. The factor covariances showed a trade-off relationship between natural infrastructure and human activities. Densely developed and affluent urban areas tend to lack biophysical resilience. Some local governments, sorted into the same groups, turn out to be located in different metropolitan areas. The spatial variation and inequality in the resilience dimensions suggest the necessity of integrated and flexible governance for sustainable hazard mitigation.
Author: Benjamin Freyd
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 156
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My first chapter studies the origins of gentrification. I propose a mechanism through which a wave of gentrification can be triggered in a neighborhood: the opening of large offices of technology firms. Using information on nine such events and transaction-level housing data, I develop a difference-in-differences strategy that compares house prices in the vicinity of the new office to those in closely-matched neighborhoods slightly further away. I find that property prices rise 11% in treatment areas relative to control areas within two years after the opening. This difference subsides somewhat but remains at +8% five years later. These findings are substantially stronger than in the existing literature and thus suggest that such office openings can have a major impact on their neighborhood. I investigate two mechanisms, agglomeration forces and the development of consumption amenities, through which the impact of a single establishment opening can be amplified and sustained. My second chapter analyses the causes of the shift towards low-income service jobs that American non-college workforce has experience in recent decades. Together with the rise of college-educated workers' incomes, this has strongly contributed to the overall increase in wage inequality. Two main explanations, routinization and consumption spillovers, have been proposed to explain this occupational shift. Although the determinants of these two theories are highly spatially correlated, studies that have exploited regional variations to identify these mechanisms have so far only considered each explanation in isolation, raising confounding concerns. I highlight these concerns and provide reduced-form evidence that both theories operate simultaneously to drive growth in service employment. To strengthen my case, I extend the structural framework proposed in Autor and Dorn (2013) to include consumption spillovers through non-homothetic preferences. I estimate key parameters and assess the relative importance of each theory using simulations from the model. Relative to a model featuring homothetic preferences, my specification yields 57% more regional disparities in the growth of service occupations, which can be interpreted as the contribution of consumption spillovers. While the routinization hypothesis quantitatively dominates, my reduced-form and structural evidence point to sizeable consumption spillover effects that cannot be neglected. My third chapter studies the effects of liberalizing the use of short-term contracts on the labor market outcomes of all workers. It specifically examines the impact of a 2003 change French jurisprudence. This decision from the French Civil Supreme Court - hereafter called the "reform" - extends the scope of a specific type of temporary contract in France, the CDDU (contrat à durée déterminée d'usage), to jobs that are not necessarily temporary by nature. This type of contract is allowed in 16 service sectors and is not restricted in terms of length or number of renewals, giving a lot more flexibility to employers than the standard temporary contract does (CDD, contrat à durée déterminée). I find that this change is associated with an increase in the share of temporary contracts of 2.9 percentage points in the CDDU sectors, while other service sectors only show a 0.7 point increase. This result echoes a frequent finding of temp for permanent substitution in the literature about the deregulation of temporary contract. A second and novel finding is that this reform weighs on young permanent workers' wages, who experience drop of nearly 4% in their wages over the two years following the reform, and little catch up afterwards. I show some evidence that something changed in the relationship between employers and employees in CDDU sectors: the employer's bargaining power seems to have risen as the opportunity to substitute temporary contracts for costly and protected permanent ones has increased.
Author: Andrea Baranzini
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387768157
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 283
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Cities are growing worldwide and their sprawl is increasingly challenged for its pressure on open spaces and environmental quality. Economic arguments can help to decide about the trade-off between preserving environmental quality and developing housing and business surfaces, provided the benefits of environmental quality are adequately quantified. To this end, this book focuses on the use and advancement of the “hedonic approach”, an economic valuation technique that analyses and quantifies the sources of rent and property price differentials. Starting from theoretical foundations, the hedonic approach is applied to the valuation of natural land use preservation and noise abatement measures, as well as to residential segregation and discrimination, extending the analysis to the role of the buyers and sellers' identity on housing market prices and to the issue of environmental justice.
Author: Madeleine Isabelle Gorkin Daepp
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 121
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Over 700,000 people moved for health reasons in the last year, and many more moved for reasons in which health was implicated, such as to escape climate hazards. Changes in the extent to which a residence promotes health should change housing prices--an important health and social exposure in its own right, as well as a mechanism through which numerous other features of a place are reshaped--yet the relationships between residential mobility, health, and housing markets remain poorly understood. This dissertation comprises three papers on the association of residential mobility with health and housing. In the first paper, I evaluate the effect of a localized change in healthcare access--the 2006 Massachusetts Healthcare Reform--on housing prices and interstate migration along the state border. I find an increase in the prices of affordable housing that is offset by a commensurate decrease in the price of luxury housing; I also observe a small increase in migration into Massachusetts versus into neighboring states. My second paper seeks to better understand the effects of climate migration on housing markets. Examining the impacts of displacement due to Hurricane Katrina, I show that housing prices decreased in destination neighborhoods that received the largest numbers of movers, relative to neighborhoods that did not receive large inflows. Effects are larger in predominantly Black destination neighborhoods than in predominantly White destination neighborhoods. I also find larger effects in places that received more economically disadvantaged movers relative to similar neighborhoods that received more advantaged movers. My third paper describes a collaboration with the Healthy Neighborhoods Study Consortium, for whom I constructed a data set of estimated moving flows between Massachusetts neighborhoods. I then created a web-based app to make the resulting estimates accessible to planners, community organizations, and residents. An overarching theme of this work is the recognition that communities share housing and health challenges with the places to which former residents move and the places from which new residents arrive.
Author: Jan de Graaff
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3658316233
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 156
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Understanding the relationship between urban amenities and real estate prices is a key for the future of our cities. Location choices depend on a variety of urban amenities that eventually determine demand for a specific location. Identifying the impact of these urban amenities on the people’s preferences allows policy makers and developers to increase quality of life. Jan de Graaff therefore quantifies the impact of crime and migration on residential real estate prices and identifies the location choice preferences of Germans by applying innovative methodologies to unique German data sets.
Author: Joyce Yanyun Man
Publisher: Lincoln Inst of Land Policy
ISBN: 9781558442115
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 260
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Book Description
This in-depth volume explains China's residential construction boom and reviews how some established trends are likely to challenge its housing market in coming years. It draws on household surveys and public data in China and provides important lessons about housing policy for China and other countries.
Author: Bin Jiang
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9048185726
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 465
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Book Description
A Coming of Age: Geospatial Analysis and Modelling in the Early Twenty First Century Forty years ago when spatial analysis first emerged as a distinct theme within geography’s quantitative revolution, the focus was largely on consistent methods for measuring spatial correlation. The concept of spatial au- correlation took pride of place, mirroring concerns in time-series analysis about similar kinds of dependence known to distort the standard probability theory used to derive appropriate statistics. Early applications of spatial correlation tended to reflect geographical patterns expressed as points. The perspective taken on such analytical thinking was founded on induction, the search for pattern in data with a view to suggesting appropriate hypotheses which could subsequently be tested. In parallel but using very different techniques came the development of a more deductive style of analysis based on modelling and thence simulation. Here the focus was on translating prior theory into forms for generating testable predictions whose outcomes could be compared with observations about some system or phenomenon of interest. In the intervening years, spatial analysis has broadened to embrace both inductive and deductive approaches, often combining both in different mixes for the variety of problems to which it is now applied.
