Author: Hans Ulrich Borgstedt
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783540936565
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 216
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Book Description
The volume covers alloys and intermetallic compounds of thorium with metals of main groups I to IV as well as related ternary and quaternary alloys. It is the first comprehensive and critical treatise on this topic. The physical properties of ThBe13 have been studied in some detail in order to compare them with those of the heavy fermion compound UBe13. The Th-MG system is of interest for the metallurgy of Mg, since small amounts of Th improve the mechanical strength of Mg and some of its alloys. Detailed information is available on the Th-AI system which is complicated by several intermediate binary phases. Several years ago, this system had attained some technological interest when Th-AI alloys were considered as a potential fuel in thorium breeder reactors. Other Th-main group intermetallic systems are more of scientific than of technological interest. The phase relations in these systems were not elucidated until the 1980s. Numerous ternary alloys consisting of thorium, a metal of main groups I to IV, and a third metal are described. Recent interest has focused on some ternary compounds related to the Th-AI and Th-Sn systems, e.g., THAI8Fe4 and ThSnM (M = Ni, Co, Pt).
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chemistry, Inorganic
Languages : de
Pages : 216
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Author: Harley A. Wilhelm
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 412
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Author: Robert G. Behrens
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783540935896
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 272
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Book Description
The present volume describes the general properties of the thorium atom and ions, the thermodynamics of its compounds and solutions, the behavior of solutions and solid com pounds under the influence of its own radiation as well as an external radiation field, and spectroscopic data in great detail. The different chapters are of special interest to scientists who work in these fields, and also in the corresponding fields of other elements. In some special fields there exists a detailed knowledge of this radioelement whereas in other fields, such as M6Bbauer spectra, lower oxidation states, or radiation stability, there are large gaps. Due to the fact that the significance 23 of thorium as a breeder fuel ( 2"fh to be converted to fissile 233U after thermal neutron capture) has decreased within the last decade, the behavior of thorium is not as yet so thoroughly investigated as the heavier radioactive element uranium. Many of these data, however, are not only of academic interest, e.g., the knowledge of atomic spectra is needed for some analytical methods, especially in the trace concentration region. Due to the noble gaS-like electronic configuration of the tetravalent ion, there are no absorption bands in the visible region so that in general spectra and data are very scarce. This volume is a very detailed and critically reviewed compilation, written by experts from the Federal Republic of Germany, Belgium, and the United States.
Author: J.R. Allen
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783540935728
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
In connection with the recent treatment of radium and the actinides, the Gmelin Institute is carrying out the description of thorium and its compounds. The supplement volume A 2 comprising the history, isotopes and the recovery of thorium and the supplement volumes C 1, C 2 and C 3 describing the compounds with the noble gases, hydrogen, oxygen compounds and nitrogen compounds have already been published; also published is supplement volume C 5 describing the compounds with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and boron. The supplement volume D 1 and D 2 describing the properties of thorium ions in solution and the solvent extraction of thorium, as well as supplement volume E describing the coordination compounds have also been published. The present volume deals with the technical fabrication of important thorium compounds and their uses in the nuclear and non-nuclear fields. It also describes in detail the behavior of thorium nuclear fuels during operation of a nuclear power plant as well as the reprocessing of burnt-up thorium fuels. By far the most important Th compound is ThO2 due to its high chemical and thermal stability as well as its high melting point near 3000°C, the highest for any metal oxide. The inherent radioactivity of 232Th and the formation of radioactive daughter products are important limiting factors in the technical scale use of thorium compounds because of necessary radiation protection measures and of health physics. 232Th is transformed by neutrons to the fissile uranium isotope 233U. Thorium therefore is an excellent breeding material, especially for high-temperature reactors. A lot of basic and technical investigations for reprocessing of spent thorium fuel have to be done; no such reprocessing plants exist as yet.
Author: David G. Karraker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Thorium
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Author: Michael Bickel
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783540936756
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 336
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Book Description
This volume comprises the compounds of thorium with the 4th main group elements silicon and germanium and all 5th main group elements except nitrogen. On the subject of ternary and polynary compounds containing oxygen, only those compounds with phosphorus are included (e.g., phosphates, hypophosphates, or phosphinates). Similar compounds of the other ele ments like silicates, arsenates, etc. were already treated in "Thorium" Suppl. Vol. C 2, 1976. Most of the compounds in the different systems treated in this volume are of scientific interest because of their special physical and chemical properties. On the other hand, there are also many compounds wh ich are of specific technological interest, mainly in the nuclear field. Refractory compounds like ThSi or ThP have potential interest as nuclear fuel for special reactors due to their physical properties like good heat conductivity and their chemical stability, e.g., against the corrosion of cladding alloys for nuclear fuel elements. Due to the present situation in the further development of the thorium nuclear fuel cycle, their large potential has not yet been fully investigated. For most of the binary and ternary phases in these systems, we presently have good knowledge about the preparation of the compounds and their physical and chemical properties. But nevertheless, there are still a lot of open questions concerning phase equilibria, solid solutions, and homogeneity of some of the phases described in this volume.
Author: David Brown
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783540935315
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 178
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Book Description
The present volume, Thorium C5, deals with the compounds of thorium and sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and boron, as well as with oxoacid compounds of the three chalcogen elements. Thorium borates have already been treated in Thorium C2. In contrast to the corresponding compounds of uranium the thorium sulfides, etc. , do not show any nuclear or other technological application; they are only of academic interest, despite some very interest ing electronic properties, especially of the 1 : 1 compounds. The thorium-sulfur and the thorium boron systems in particular were studied in detail, so that we have a clear picture of them, whereas there are still a lot of open questions in the systems Th-Se and Th-Te - not very different from other metal chalcogenide systems. Thorium sulfates are of some technological importance because they are formed in solution during recovery of thorium from monazite by sulfuric acid leaching. The very detailed and critical treatment of the chemical and physical properties of the compounds discussed also enables us to find gaps still remaining in our knowledge and thus to initiate new research in this field. I want to thank the two authors, Dr. Horst Wedemeyer (Karlsruhe) and Dr. David Brown (Harwell), for their excellent contributions, the "Literaturabteilung" of the Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center for its help in providing reports and other documents difficult to procure, as well as the staff of the Gmelin-Institute, especially to Dr. K. -C.
Author: Richard G. J. Ball
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780387937571
Category : Chemistry, Inorganic
Languages : en
Pages : 192
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Author: Gene E. Bobeck
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aluminum alloys
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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