Thermodynamic Properties and Environmental Chemistry of Chromium PDF Download
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Languages : en
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Book Description
Values of standard entropy, standard enthalpy of formation, and standard free energy of formation for Cr and its solid and aqueous species are tabulated in this report. These values were selected or recalculated after careful evaluation of the best available current thermochemical data. The basis for selection of data centered on conformation with the recent studies of Vasil'ev et al. (1977a, b, 1978, 1980, 1981) for Cr/sup 3 +/ data and O'Hare and Boerio (1975) for CrO4/sup 2 -/ data. The thermodynamic data presented in this report will be incorporated into the data base of the geochemical computer model, MINTEQ. The distribution of Cr in the environment among its aqueous inorganic species is, according to the thermodynamic data, highly dependent upon pH and Eh and the presence of complexing ligands. The speciation of Cr in natural waters is also controlled by reduction and complexation by organic matter, adsorption and oxidation by Mn-oxide in suspended particulate matter and sediment, and reduction by H2S released from anoxic sediments. 89 references, 8 figures, 11 tables.
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Values of standard entropy, standard enthalpy of formation, and standard free energy of formation for Cr and its solid and aqueous species are tabulated in this report. These values were selected or recalculated after careful evaluation of the best available current thermochemical data. The basis for selection of data centered on conformation with the recent studies of Vasil'ev et al. (1977a, b, 1978, 1980, 1981) for Cr/sup 3 +/ data and O'Hare and Boerio (1975) for CrO4/sup 2 -/ data. The thermodynamic data presented in this report will be incorporated into the data base of the geochemical computer model, MINTEQ. The distribution of Cr in the environment among its aqueous inorganic species is, according to the thermodynamic data, highly dependent upon pH and Eh and the presence of complexing ligands. The speciation of Cr in natural waters is also controlled by reduction and complexation by organic matter, adsorption and oxidation by Mn-oxide in suspended particulate matter and sediment, and reduction by H2S released from anoxic sediments. 89 references, 8 figures, 11 tables.
Author: Jacques Guertin
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0203487966
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 800
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Book Description
Put together by a team of scientists, engineers, regulators, and lawyers, the Chromium(VI) Handbook consolidates the latest literature on this topic. The broad scope of this book fills the need for a comprehensive resource on chromium(VI), improving the knowledge of this contaminant at a time when the extent and degree of the problem is still being
Author: Kenneth Keith Kelley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chromium carbide
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Book Description
Author: Jacques Buffle
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000693945
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 577
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Book Description
First published in 1992, Environmental Particles describes properties, roles, and methods for the characterization of environmental particles in air, water, sediment, and soil. This book emphasizes modern methods for sampling, instrumental characterization methods, and physical/chemical principles for describing the properties and roles of particles in the environment (particularly their influence on the transport of toxic compounds). It will be an excellent reference source for environmental chemists and physicists, limnologists, oceanographers, air and soil scientists, analytical chemists, environmental engineers, scientists involved in environmental protection, and students.
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Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 980
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Author: Sidney A. Katz
Publisher: Wiley-VCH
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
Author: Paul T. Kostecki
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780849311574
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 266
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Book Description
The importance of understanding complex toxicological and chemical properties of hexavalent and trivalent chromium has increased rapidly over the last few years as state and federal regulators reevaluate environmental standards. The risk management of chromium-contaminated soils continues to be a very dynamic process that presents interesting challenges. Chromium in Soil discusses the challenges faced by those investigating and remediating chromium-impacted soils and groundwater. The chapters address numerous ground-breaking developments in various fields of environmental chromium research, including toxicity, chemistry, environmental fate and transport, remediation technology, and health-based cleanup standards.
Author: Sadiq
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780824786472
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 412
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Book Description
Presents an integrated chemical behavior of selected toxic metals: arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, and lead. All important processes that may affect their marine chemistry are discussed. Thermodynamic calculations are performed to propose the most probable route of chemical behavior. Th
Author: Kirk-Othmer
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0471484962
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1085
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Book Description
The fifth edition of the Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology builds upon the solid foundation of the previous editions, which have proven to be a mainstay for chemists, biochemists, and engineers at academic, industrial, and government institutions since publication of the first edition in 1949. The new edition includes necessary adjustments and modernisation of the content to reflect changes and developments in chemical technology. Presenting a wide scope of articles on chemical substances, properties, manufacturing, and uses; on industrial processes, unit operations in chemical engineering; and on fundamentals and scientific subjects related to the field. The Encyclopedia describes established technology along with cutting edge topics of interest in the wide field of chemical technology, whilst uniquely providing the necessary perspective and insight into pertinent aspects, rather than merely presenting information. Set began publication in January 2004 Over 1000 articles More than 600 new or updated articles 27 volumes Reviews from the previous edition: "The most indispensable reference in the English language on all aspects of chemical technology...the best reference of its kind". —Chemical Engineering News, 1992 "Overall, ECT is well written and cleanly edited, and no library claiming to be a useful resource for chemical engineering professionals should be without it." —Nicholas Basta, Chemical Engineering, December 1992
Author: Jerome O. Nriagu
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780471856436
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 602
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Book Description
Provides a comprehensive chemical and biochemical treatment on the effects of chromium in the environment and in man. Such an integrated treatment of the chemical and biochemical aspects of chromium is novel and has not appeared in the published literature. Reviews the information on global cycling and environmental occurrence of chromium compounds, which defines the extent of the environmental and toxicological concern. The treatment of chromium chemistry provides the basis for toxicological models of chromium hypersensitivity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and toxicokinetics. Chapters contain graphical representations of the voluminous mutagenicity and animal carcinogenicity data according to chromium compound type, and a tabular summary of all published epidemiological data, broken down according to industry. Also covers clinical patterns, prognosis, pathogenesis, prophylaxis, and environmental and biological monitoring.
