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Languages : en
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Book Description
The idea of a United Nations (UN) intelligence system is widely misunderstood and debates about it seem to be both misplaced and anecdotal. The lack of a consistent theory on intelligence has fostered the widely held view that such a system is not feasible or incompatible with the UN collective security system. This dissertation takes as its central thesis, the question, of whether an intelligence system is both desirable and feasible within the UN structure. In spite of the fact that no known study has so far engaged with the subject matter at the depth presented in this dissertation, the study advances the concept of collective intelligence, and its implications for managing international conflicts. The dissertation examines existing barriers in efforts to interface intelligence system with the UN structure, and proposes that, with suitable refinements, the concept of intelligence need not be incompatible with the UN system. It is also argued that these constraints should not preclude evolutionary changes to include an intelligence system that is compatible with an organisation such as the UN. By developing a concept of collective intelligence, the thesis proposes theoretical frameworks that suggest a potential nature of a viable intelligence capability within the UN. The analysis is developed normatively and conceptually, which lead to a further conclusion that the UN already possesses an intelligence capability which exists in manner that is not recognised. The lack of scholarly efforts to ground such a system on a reasonable framework creates a vacuum in the study of international organisations, and in particular the United Nations system. At a minimum, this dissertation fills this gap.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
The idea of a United Nations (UN) intelligence system is widely misunderstood and debates about it seem to be both misplaced and anecdotal. The lack of a consistent theory on intelligence has fostered the widely held view that such a system is not feasible or incompatible with the UN collective security system. This dissertation takes as its central thesis, the question, of whether an intelligence system is both desirable and feasible within the UN structure. In spite of the fact that no known study has so far engaged with the subject matter at the depth presented in this dissertation, the study advances the concept of collective intelligence, and its implications for managing international conflicts. The dissertation examines existing barriers in efforts to interface intelligence system with the UN structure, and proposes that, with suitable refinements, the concept of intelligence need not be incompatible with the UN system. It is also argued that these constraints should not preclude evolutionary changes to include an intelligence system that is compatible with an organisation such as the UN. By developing a concept of collective intelligence, the thesis proposes theoretical frameworks that suggest a potential nature of a viable intelligence capability within the UN. The analysis is developed normatively and conceptually, which lead to a further conclusion that the UN already possesses an intelligence capability which exists in manner that is not recognised. The lack of scholarly efforts to ground such a system on a reasonable framework creates a vacuum in the study of international organisations, and in particular the United Nations system. At a minimum, this dissertation fills this gap.
Author: Geoff Mulgan
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 0691196168
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Book Description
"A new field of collective intelligence has emerged in the last few years, prompted by a wave of digital technologies that make it possible for organizations and societies to think at large scale. This "bigger mind"--human and machine capabilities working together--has the potential to solve the great challenges of our time. So why do smart technologies not automatically lead to smart results? Gathering insights from diverse fields, including philosophy, computer science, and biology, Big Mind reveals how collective intelligence can guide corporations, governments, universities, and societies to make the most of human brains and digital technologies"--Amazon.com.
Author: Stefan Grundmann
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0192608274
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 353
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Book Description
Choice is a key concept of our time. It is a foundational mechanism for every legal order in societies that are, politically, constituted as democracies and, economically, built on the market mechanism. Thus, choice can be understood as an atomic structure that grounds core societal processes. In recent years, however, the debate over the right way to theorize choice - for example, as a rational or a behavioral type of decision making - has intensified. This collection provides an in-depth discussion of the promises and perils of specific types of theories of choice. It shows how the selection of a specific theory of choice can make a difference for concrete legal questions, in particular in the regulation of the digital economy or in choosing between market, firm, or network. In its first part, the volume provides an accessible overview of the current debates about rational versus behavioral approaches to theories of choice. The remainder of the book structures the vast landscape of theories of choice along with three main types: individual, collective, and organizational decision making. As theories of choice proliferate and become ever more sophisticated, however, the process of choosing an adequate theory of choice becomes increasingly intricate. This volume addresses this selection problem for the various legal arenas in which individual, organizational, and collective decisions matter. By drawing on economic, technological, political, and legal points of view, the volume shows which theories of choice are at the disposal of the legally relevant decision-maker, and how they can be operationalized for the solution of concrete legal problems. The editors acknowledge the kind support of the Fritz Thyssen Foundation for an exploratory conference on the subject of the book.
Author: Kagan Tumer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441989099
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 329
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Book Description
Many complex systems found in nature can be viewed as function optimizers. In particular, they can be viewed as such optimizers of functions in extremely high dimensional spaces. Given the difficulty of performing such high-dimensional op timization with modern computers, there has been a lot of exploration of computa tional algorithms that try to emulate those naturally-occurring function optimizers. Examples include simulated annealing (SA [15,18]), genetic algorithms (GAs) and evolutionary computation [2,3,9,11,20-22,24,28]. The ultimate goal of this work is an algorithm that can, for any provided high-dimensional function, come close to extremizing that function. Particularly desirable would be such an algorithm that works in an adaptive and robust manner, without any explicit knowledge of the form of the function being optimized. In particular, such an algorithm could be used for distributed adaptive control---one of the most important tasks engineers will face in the future, when the systems they design will be massively distributed and horribly messy congeries ofcomputational systems.
Author: George White
Publisher: Ethics International Press
ISBN: 1871891329
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 169
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Book Description
"Why are some teams, businesses, countries and cultures successful and enduring, and some not? The book describes practical applications of collective intelligence, and unlocks the secrets of highly successful teams at all levels in corporations and governments. Well-known companies are analysed, and the reasons for their success or decline explained. The Mystery of Collective Intelligence proposes a new theory of organizational intelligence, explaining how organizational intelligence lies behind AI, robotics and the accelerating automation that is revolutionizing industry around the world. The book explains how organizations themselves can improve their decision-making cultures. The Mystery of Collective Intelligence describes the scientific basis for collective decision-making, and discusses how ethical and socially responsible corporate objectives lead to increased innovation and information sharing, which ultimately leads to improved economic success."
Author: Hélène Landemore
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 0691155658
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 305
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Book Description
Individual decision making can often be wrong due to misinformation, impulses, or biases. Collective decision making, on the other hand, can be surprisingly accurate. In Democratic Reason, Hélène Landemore demonstrates that the very factors behind the superiority of collective decision making add up to a strong case for democracy. She shows that the processes and procedures of democratic decision making form a cognitive system that ensures that decisions taken by the many are more likely to be right than decisions taken by the few. Democracy as a form of government is therefore valuable not only because it is legitimate and just, but also because it is smart. Landemore considers how the argument plays out with respect to two main mechanisms of democratic politics: inclusive deliberation and majority rule. In deliberative settings, the truth-tracking properties of deliberation are enhanced more by inclusiveness than by individual competence. Landemore explores this idea in the contexts of representative democracy and the selection of representatives. She also discusses several models for the "wisdom of crowds" channeled by majority rule, examining the trade-offs between inclusiveness and individual competence in voting. When inclusive deliberation and majority rule are combined, they beat less inclusive methods, in which one person or a small group decide. Democratic Reason thus establishes the superiority of democracy as a way of making decisions for the common good.
Author: Hélène Landemore
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 0691176396
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 303
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Book Description
Individual decision making can often be wrong due to misinformation, impulses, or biases. Collective decision making, on the other hand, can be surprisingly accurate. In Democratic Reason, Hélène Landemore demonstrates that the very factors behind the superiority of collective decision making add up to a strong case for democracy. She shows that the processes and procedures of democratic decision making form a cognitive system that ensures that decisions taken by the many are more likely to be right than decisions taken by the few. Democracy as a form of government is therefore valuable not only because it is legitimate and just, but also because it is smart. Landemore considers how the argument plays out with respect to two main mechanisms of democratic politics: inclusive deliberation and majority rule. In deliberative settings, the truth-tracking properties of deliberation are enhanced more by inclusiveness than by individual competence. Landemore explores this idea in the contexts of representative democracy and the selection of representatives. She also discusses several models for the "wisdom of crowds" channeled by majority rule, examining the trade-offs between inclusiveness and individual competence in voting. When inclusive deliberation and majority rule are combined, they beat less inclusive methods, in which one person or a small group decide. Democratic Reason thus establishes the superiority of democracy as a way of making decisions for the common good.
Author: Fouad Sabry
Publisher: One Billion Knowledgeable
ISBN:
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 439
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Book Description
Group Decision Making is essential in Political Science, offering insights into the collective choices that shape governance and policy outcomes. This book is perfect for professionals, students, and enthusiasts looking to deepen their understanding of political processes and improve decision-making skills. Chapter 1: Group Decision-Making - Explores the principles and processes involved in making decisions as a group. Chapter 2: Cognitive Bias - Examines various cognitive biases and their impact on group decisions. Chapter 3: Heuristic - Highlights the efficiency and pitfalls of mental shortcuts in political contexts. Chapter 4: Cognitive Dissonance - Discusses the discomfort from conflicting beliefs and its effects on group choices. Chapter 5: Decision-Making - Provides an overview of the decision-making process and strategies for consensus. Chapter 6: Hindsight Bias - Explores the tendency to see events as predictable after they occur. Chapter 7: List of Cognitive Biases - A reference guide to biases affecting group decisions. Chapter 8: Attribution Bias - Investigates how groups misjudge causes of behaviors and events. Chapter 9: False Consensus Effect - Examines the overestimation of agreement within groups. Chapter 10: Anchoring (Cognitive Bias) - Discusses how initial information influences group decisions. Chapter 11: Political Psychology - Connects psychological principles to political behaviors. Chapter 12: Emotional Reasoning - Highlights the role of emotions in decision-making. Chapter 13: The Wisdom of Crowds - Explores when group decisions are accurate. Chapter 14: Dual Process Theory - Balances intuitive and analytical approaches in group settings. Chapter 15: Selective Exposure Theory - Examines the preference for information that aligns with existing beliefs. Chapter 16: Wisdom of the Crowd - Looks deeper into collective intelligence. Chapter 17: Motivated Tactician - Discusses selective cognitive strategies in group decisions. Chapter 18: Heuristic (Psychology) - Revisits heuristics from a psychological perspective. Chapter 19: Shared Information Bias - Explores the focus on shared information over unique insights. Chapter 20: Cognitive Bias Mitigation - Strategies for reducing cognitive biases in group decisions. Chapter 21: Social Heuristics - Examines heuristics in social interactions affecting group dynamics. This book provides valuable insights and practical strategies, making it an essential resource for enhancing understanding and effectiveness in collective political processes.
Author: James Surowiecki
Publisher: Anchor
ISBN: 0307275051
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 335
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Book Description
In this fascinating book, New Yorker business columnist James Surowiecki explores a deceptively simple idea: Large groups of people are smarter than an elite few, no matter how brilliant—better at solving problems, fostering innovation, coming to wise decisions, even predicting the future. With boundless erudition and in delightfully clear prose, Surowiecki ranges across fields as diverse as popular culture, psychology, ant biology, behavioral economics, artificial intelligence, military history, and politics to show how this simple idea offers important lessons for how we live our lives, select our leaders, run our companies, and think about our world.
Author: Pierre Levy
Publisher: Basic Books
ISBN: 9780738202617
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
The number of travelers along the information superhighway is increasing at a rate of 10 percent a month. How will this communications revolution affect our culture and society? Pierre Lévy shows how the unfettered exchange of ideas in cyberspace has the potential to liberate us from the social and political hierarchies that have stood in the way of mankind's advancement.Anthropologist, historian, sociologist, and philosopher, Lévy writes with a depth of scholarship and imaginative insight rare among media critics. At once a profound historical analysis of the development of human culture and a blueprint for the future, Collective Intelligence is a visionary work.
