German Unification 1989-90 PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download German Unification 1989-90 PDF full book. Access full book title German Unification 1989-90 by Patrick Salmon. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Patrick Salmon
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135238650
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 589
Get Book Here
Book Description
This volume is comprised of a collection of diplomatic documents covering British reactions to, and policy towards, the collapse of the German Democratic Republic and the unification of Germany in 1989-90. The peaceful unification of Germany in 1989-90 brought a dramatic end to the Cold War. This volume documents official British reactions to the collapse of East Germany and the fall of the Berlin Wall, and the evolution of British policy during the ‘Two plus Four’ negotiations that provided the international framework for the merger of the two German states. All of the documents fall within the UK’s 30-year rule and have therefore not previously been in the public domain. Most are drawn from the archives of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, but there are also a large number of Prime Ministerial files from the Cabinet Office archives. These are of particular interest for the light they throw on the views of Margaret Thatcher. Taken together, the documents show that despite Mrs Thatcher’s well-known reservations about German unity, the United Kingdom played a vital and constructive role in the negotiations that helped to bring it about. This volume will be of great interest to students of International History, British Political History, and European Politics and International Relations in general. Patrick Salmon is Chief Historian at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Keith Hamilton is a Historian at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and Senior Editor of Documents on British Policy Overseas. Stephen Twigge is a Senior Historian at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.
Author: Patrick Salmon
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135238650
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 589
Get Book Here
Book Description
This volume is comprised of a collection of diplomatic documents covering British reactions to, and policy towards, the collapse of the German Democratic Republic and the unification of Germany in 1989-90. The peaceful unification of Germany in 1989-90 brought a dramatic end to the Cold War. This volume documents official British reactions to the collapse of East Germany and the fall of the Berlin Wall, and the evolution of British policy during the ‘Two plus Four’ negotiations that provided the international framework for the merger of the two German states. All of the documents fall within the UK’s 30-year rule and have therefore not previously been in the public domain. Most are drawn from the archives of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, but there are also a large number of Prime Ministerial files from the Cabinet Office archives. These are of particular interest for the light they throw on the views of Margaret Thatcher. Taken together, the documents show that despite Mrs Thatcher’s well-known reservations about German unity, the United Kingdom played a vital and constructive role in the negotiations that helped to bring it about. This volume will be of great interest to students of International History, British Political History, and European Politics and International Relations in general. Patrick Salmon is Chief Historian at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Keith Hamilton is a Historian at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and Senior Editor of Documents on British Policy Overseas. Stephen Twigge is a Senior Historian at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.
Author: Frédéric Bozo
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317336054
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 242
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book provides a multinational history of German reunification based on empirical work by leading scholars. The reunification of Germany in 1989-90 was one of the most unexpected and momentous events of the twentieth century. Embedded within the wider process of the end of the Cold War, it contributed decisively to the dramatic changes that followed: the end of the division of Europe, the collapse of the Warsaw Pact, the origins of NATO’s eastward expansion and, not least, the creation of the European Union. Based on the wealth of evidence that has become available from many countries involved, and relying on the most recent historiography, this collection takes into account the complex interaction of multinational processes that were instrumental in shaping German reunification in the pivotal years 1989-90. The volume brings together renowned international scholars whose recent works, based on their research in multiple languages and sources, have contributed significantly to the history of the end of the Cold War and of German reunification. The resulting volume represents an important contribution to our knowledge and understanding of a significant chapter in recent history. This book will be of much interest to students of German politics, Cold war history, international and multinational history and IR in general.
Author: Lothar Kettenacker
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317875664
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 284
Get Book Here
Book Description
In autumn 1989 the world watched transfixed as East German citizens, demonstrating under the banner ‘We are the people!’, staged the only successful, totally peaceful revolution in German history. By October 1990, the process of reunification was formally concluded, bringing together a nation that had been divided for almost four decades. Now, nearly twenty years later, it is possible to judge the causes and consequences of the revolution more clearly. Was the fall of the Berlin Wall an unexpected fluke, or was it, in fact, the result of a long process of engagement between East and West? And did the momentous events of 1989 really signal the start of a bright new future for a united Germany? In this probing and wide-ranging account, Lothar Kettenacker considers the background behind the division of Germany and explains how the Berlin Wall and its death trap border proved to be the most horrendous manifestation of East-West antagonism. He also looks beyond 1990 to show how the confusion caused by the sudden collapse of the GDR and the fusion of two radically different economies is proving to be a challenge that will preoccupy Germany for generations to come.
Author: Peter E. Quint
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 1400822165
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 494
Get Book Here
Book Description
In the mid-summer of 1989 the German Democratic Republic-- known as the GDR or East Germany--was an autocratic state led by an entrenched Communist Party. A loyal member of the Warsaw Pact, it was a counterpart of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany), which it confronted with a mixture of hostility and grudging accommodation across the divide created by the Cold War. Over the following year and a half, dramatic changes occurred in the political system of East Germany and culminated in the GDR's "accession" to the Federal Republic itself. Yet the end of Germany's division evoked its own new and very bitter constitutional problems. The Imperfect Union discusses these issues and shows that they are at the core of a great event of political, economic, and social history. Part I analyzes the constitutional history of eastern Germany from 1945 through the constitutional changes of 1989-1990 and beyond to the constitutions of the re-created east German states. Part II analyzes the Unification Treaty and the numerous problems arising from it: the fate of expropriated property on unification; the unification of the disparate eastern and western abortion regimes; the transformation of East German institutions, such as the civil service, the universities, and the judiciary; prosecution of former GDR leaders and officials; the "rehabilitation" and compensation of GDR victims; and the issues raised by the fateful legacy of the files of the East German secret police. Part III examines the external aspects of unification.
Author: Manfred Gortemaker
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
ISBN: 9780333619698
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 300
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book is a well-reasoned and thoroughly-documented exploration of both the historical context and political dynamics of Germany's unification. Grtemaker analyzes the threads that connect recent German developments to the nation's past and also shows those aspects of the process of German reintegration that reflect profound discontinuity. Unifying Germany, 1989-90 is one of the fullest English-language treatments on the process yet produced. It gives a bird's-eye view of the events large and small that led to unification in Germany as well as painting the broader picture of communism's decline throughout eastern Europe. Readers will be particularly interested in the detailed study of the genesis of the liberalizing drive within the German Democratic Republic and the official reaction - on both sides of the Berlin Wall - to this phenomenon.
Author: Philip Zelikow
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Germany
Languages : en
Pages : 758
Get Book Here
Book Description
In 1989, more than forty years after the postwar division of Germany was cemented by the establishment of the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic, this division was suddenly called into question. Within a year the GDR ceased to exist and its territory had been absorbed into the FRG. The unification of Germany was approved by the Soviet Union as well as the United States, Great Britain, and France. These countries relinquished their rights and responsibilities for Berlin and for "Germany as a whole" in a treaty providing a "Final Settlement" of the German question.
Author: Christian F. Ostermann
Publisher: Stanford University Press
ISBN: 1503607631
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 566
Get Book Here
Book Description
In the aftermath of World War II, American policymakers turned to the task of rebuilding Europe while keeping communism at bay. In Germany, formally divided since 1949,the United States prioritized the political, economic, and, eventually, military integration of the fledgling Federal Republic with the West. The extraordinary success story of forging this alliance has dominated our historical under-standing of the American-German relationship. Largely left out of the grand narrative of U.S.–German relations were most East Germans who found themselves caught under Soviet and then communist control by the post-1945 geo-political fallout of the war that Nazi Germany had launched. They were the ones who most dearly paid the price for the country's division. This book writes the East Germans—both leadership and general populace—back into that history as objects of American policy and as historical agents in their own right Based on recently declassified documents from American, Russian, and German archives, this book demonstrates that U.S. efforts from 1945 to 1953 went beyond building a prosperous democracy in western Germany and "containing" Soviet-Communist power to the east. Under the Truman and then the Eisenhower administrations, American policy also included efforts to undermine and "roll back" Soviet and German communist control in the eastern part of the country. This story sheds light on a dark-er side to the American Cold War in Germany: propaganda, covert operations, economic pressure, and psychological warfare. Christian F. Ostermann takes an international history approach, capturing Soviet and East German responses and actions, and drawing a rich and complex picture of the early East–West confrontation in the heart of Europe.
Author: Richard A. Leiby
Publisher: Greenwood
ISBN:
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 248
Get Book Here
Book Description
This work examines the forces that shaped the 1989 revolution and the political decisions of East and West Germans that followed. The author also addresses the effect of mass emigration from East to West, the role of the Protestant clergy in the revolution, and foreign reactions to the changes.
Author: Jackie F. Stanmyre
Publisher: Cavendish Square Publishing, LLC
ISBN: 1502635682
Category : Young Adult Nonfiction
Languages : en
Pages : 114
Get Book Here
Book Description
The geography of Germany and the way it has been governed have changed many times since the 1800s. This book explores Otto von Bismarck's role in the formation of the modern German state, the partition of Germany following World War II, and the events surrounding the decline of European communism, including the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the reunification of East and West Germany in 1990. With photographs, maps, sidebars, and fast facts, readers will evaluate the country's numerous border changes and the massive impact they have had on the people who live there.
Author: Harold James
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136642684
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 374
Get Book Here
Book Description
When the Wall Came Down provides a wide-ranging compendium of responses in Germany and other countries to the events of 1989-90, and includes essays by Henry Kissinger, Vaclav Havel, Ralf Dahrendorf and Timothy Garton Ash.
