The Potential Impact of the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) Between CEMAC and the EU PDF Download
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Author: Emmanuel Ambe Timah
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 55
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Author: Emmanuel Ambe Timah
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 55
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Author: Lionel Fontagne
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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This article provides a detailed analysis of the trade-related aspects of economic partnership agreement (EPA) negotiations for the six Africa-Caribbean-Pacific (ACP) negotiation groups including ECOWAS, CEMAC+, COMESA, SADC, CARIFORUM and Pacific. We use a partial equilibrium model--focusing on the demand side--at the HS6 level (covering 5,113 HS6 products). Two lists of sensitive products are constructed: focusing on the agricultural sectors and tariff revenue preservation. For the European Union (EU), EPAs must translate into 90% fully liberalised bilateral trade to be World Trade Organisation compatible. We use this criterion to simulate EPAs for each negotiating regional block. ACP exports to the EU are forecast to be 10% higher with EPAs, than under the generalised system of preference 'Everything But Arms' option. ACP countries, especially African ones, are forecast to lose an average of 71% of tariff revenues on EU imports in the long run. Imports from other regions of the world will continue to provide tariff revenues. Thus, if we compute tariff revenue losses on total ACP imports, losses are only 25% on average over the long run and as low as 19% if the product lists are optimised. The final impact depends on the importance of tariffs in government revenue and on potential compensatory effects. However, this long-term and less visible effect will depend mainly on the capacity of each ACP country to reorganise its fiscal base.
Author: Helmut Asche
Publisher: Leipziger Universitätsverlag
ISBN: 9783865832375
Category : Africa
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789276222972
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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This is the final report of the study "Ex-post evaluation of the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) between the European Union and CARIFORUM." The evaluation covers the 10-year period since the EPA has been provisionally applied, namely 2008-2018. With the creation of the Caribbean Community in 1973 the countries of the Caribbean embarked on a process of regional integration. Regional integration, cooperation and engagement were and are the best response to the host of challenges faced by all Caribbean countries. Today these challenges range from the impact of COVID-19 on tourism industries, over regional fragmentation and import dependence, to climate change threatening marine eco-systems or increasing the intensity of hurricanes. The countries do not face these challenges alone, but together with their key partners, the European Union and the US, but also new and emerging partners such as an increasingly active China. Tied together by more than 500 years of shared but also difficult history, as of 2008 the partnership between the Caribbean and Europe is also highlighted by the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) between the European Union and CARIFORUM. It is a first of its kind agreement, comprehensively covering a wide range of areas beyond the traditional purview of trade agreements. The EPA came out of the realization that traditional trade liberalization alone will not yield strong development impacts, and that a more comprehensive scope and depth is needed. Before the EPA was concluded, CARIFORUM countries received non-reciprocal market access to the EU under the EU-ACP agreements. This market access to the EU was on more favourable terms than for other developing countries, which is not in line with World Trade Organization (WTO) rules and this situation could therefore not be sustained. Without a new trade agreement in place, the Caribbean countries would have traded with the EU under the Generalised Scheme of Preferences (GSP) regime or Most Favoured Nation (MFN) regime, which would subject the region's most important exports (notably sugar, bananas and rum) to high EU duties. Therefore, the EU and CARIFORUM started the negotiations for a new reciprocal trade agreement in April 2004. In December 2007 the negotiations for the CARIFORUM-EU Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) were concluded and the agreement provisionally entered into force on 29 December 2008. As the first comprehensive EPA at the time, it not only covers reciprocal liberalisation of trade in goods, but also trade in services, investment as well as many other aspects (e.g. customs, e-commerce, competition, sustainable development). The comprehensiveness was also based on the insight that many of the traditional as well as emerging industries of the Caribbean - tourism, services, creative industries, among others - do need tailored disciplines. In addition, development co-operation is an integral part of the agreement, seeing that with their often small size Caribbean countries need technical assistance to fully realize their export potential to the EU. The objective of the evaluation is to determine the extent to which the CARIFORUM-EU EPA has been implemented, where the bottlenecks lie and the extent to which the EPA has contributed effectively and efficiently to reach the objectives it set out. In addition, the evaluation examines the relevance of the EPA in relation to current trade and development issues, as well as its coherence with other EU policy instruments affecting the Caribbean. Based on this analysis, the evaluation aimed to capture important lessons learnt and offer recommendations to address some of the challenges and barriers. In terms of geographical scope, the evaluation covers the EPA both from the perspective of the EU and CARIFORUM with regard to its implementation, functioning and use, as well as the overall knowledge and awareness of it. The evaluation of economic, social and environmental impacts, along with the evaluation of development cooperation efforts, focusses on the CARIFORUM countries.
Author: Bernhard Tröster
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Economic partnership agreements (EPAs) mark a new era in economic relations between the European Union and African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries that will lead to reciprocal tariff liberalization. Model-based impact assessments have become a powerful tool in trade negotiations and mixed results are reported for ACP countries. Given their set-up within a neoclassical framework, these models neglect important issues such as impacts on employment, macroeconomic balances and adjustment costs. The structuralist computable general equilibrium model applied in this article for three African EPA regions addresses these shortcomings and shows negative macroeconomic and distributional effects and important adjustment costs associated with employment and public revenue losses. These results highlight the importance of policy responses to deliver on promises associated with EPAs, namely sustainable economic development. More generally, they show the importance of alternative models to understand implementation challenges and facilitate broader debates about bilateral trade agreements.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789276222934
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
This is the final report of the study "Ex-post evaluation of the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) between the European Union and CARIFORUM." The evaluation covers the 10-year period since the EPA has been provisionally applied, namely 2008-2018. With the creation of the Caribbean Community in 1973 the countries of the Caribbean embarked on a process of regional integration. Regional integration, cooperation and engagement were and are the best response to the host of challenges faced by all Caribbean countries. Today these challenges range from the impact of COVID-19 on tourism industries, over regional fragmentation and import dependence, to climate change threatening marine eco-systems or increasing the intensity of hurricanes. The countries do not face these challenges alone, but together with their key partners, the European Union and the US, but also new and emerging partners such as an increasingly active China. Tied together by more than 500 years of shared but also difficult history, as of 2008 the partnership between the Caribbean and Europe is also highlighted by the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) between the European Union and CARIFORUM. It is a first of its kind agreement, comprehensively covering a wide range of areas beyond the traditional purview of trade agreements. The EPA came out of the realization that traditional trade liberalization alone will not yield strong development impacts, and that a more comprehensive scope and depth is needed. Before the EPA was concluded, CARIFORUM countries received non-reciprocal market access to the EU under the EU-ACP agreements. This market access to the EU was on more favourable terms than for other developing countries, which is not in line with World Trade Organization (WTO) rules and this situation could therefore not be sustained. Without a new trade agreement in place, the Caribbean countries would have traded with the EU under the Generalised Scheme of Preferences (GSP) regime or Most Favoured Nation (MFN) regime, which would subject the region's most important exports (notably sugar, bananas and rum) to high EU duties. Therefore, the EU and CARIFORUM started the negotiations for a new reciprocal trade agreement in April 2004. In December 2007 the negotiations for the CARIFORUM-EU Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) were concluded and the agreement provisionally entered into force on 29 December 2008. As the first comprehensive EPA at the time, it not only covers reciprocal liberalisation of trade in goods, but also trade in services, investment as well as many other aspects (e.g. customs, e-commerce, competition, sustainable development). The comprehensiveness was also based on the insight that many of the traditional as well as emerging industries of the Caribbean - tourism, services, creative industries, among others - do need tailored disciplines. In addition, development co-operation is an integral part of the agreement, seeing that with their often small size Caribbean countries need technical assistance to fully realize their export potential to the EU. The objective of the evaluation is to determine the extent to which the CARIFORUM-EU EPA has been implemented, where the bottlenecks lie and the extent to which the EPA has contributed effectively and efficiently to reach the objectives it set out. In addition, the evaluation examines the relevance of the EPA in relation to current trade and development issues, as well as its coherence with other EU policy instruments affecting the Caribbean. Based on this analysis, the evaluation aimed to capture important lessons learnt and offer recommendations to address some of the challenges and barriers. In terms of geographical scope, the evaluation covers the EPA both from the perspective of the EU and CARIFORUM with regard to its implementation, functioning and use, as well as the overall knowledge and awareness of it. The evaluation of economic, social and environmental impacts, along with the evaluation of development cooperation efforts, focusses on the CARIFORUM countries.
Author: David Laborde
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 4
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Author: European Commission. Directorate-General for Trade
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789279005275
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
Author: Samuel Rueckert Brazys
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 38
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Book Description
The European Union's Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) with countries in the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) group are touted as a new age of equitable partnership between European countries and former colonies. However, many critics argue that the EPAs simply substitute a different form of political and economic domination. In this paper, we consider if the siting of meetings has a substantive impact on the language of media describing the EPAs and/or communiques and statements that arise from those discussions. Using data culled from the Global Database of Events, Language and Tone (GDELT) via Google's BigQuery, we use a difference-in-difference like approach to evaluate if the tone and polarity of media reports about the EPAs during periods of 'home' meetings in the ACP countries differs from media reports during 'away' meetings in the EU. We supplement these findings with analysis of joint statements released from a subset of EPA meetings. In general, we find that ACP countries' tone and interests are better represented in media reports during 'home' meetings, but this may not translate to any meaningful difference in actual meeting outcomes. As such, meeting siting may be only a limited tool for reducing political domination.
