The Influence of Crop Load Manipulations on Vine and Wine Characteristics in Pinot Noir PDF Download
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Author: Zachary D. Brierley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Pinot noir (Wine)
Languages : en
Pages : 4
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Book Description
Author: Zachary D. Brierley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Pinot noir (Wine)
Languages : en
Pages : 4
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Book Description
Author: Amanda J. Vance
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Companion planting
Languages : en
Pages : 141
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Book Description
Vineyard management strategies, including vineyard floor management and crop level management, can be used to influence vine vigor and fruit composition. Two studies were conducted to evaluate the impact of these practices on Pinot Noir in Oregon's Willamette Valley. Managing crop levels is common in cool climate vineyard production though it is a costly practice. With economic pressures, the premium winegrape industry is questioning whether they can reduce production costs and increase yields without compromising quality. A crop thinning trial was conducted in 2010 and 2011 to address these concerns and to better understand the role of vine balance on fruit composition. Crop levels were moderately (35% crop removed) or severely (65% crop removed) thinned at pre-bloom, fruit set, lag phase, or véraison and compared to full crop treatments. In both years, crop thinning reduced yields but had no effect on berry weight or cluster size. In 2010, poor fruit set reduced overall yields, and thinning treatments resulted in very few differences in vine growth, cluster architecture or fruit composition, including total soluble solids (TSS), pH, titratable acidity (TA), yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN), anthocyanins, phenolics and tannins. In 2011, yields were much higher due to high fruit set and larger cluster size. No differences were found in vine growth (leaf areas or pruning weights) or fruit YAN, but thinned vines had higher TSS and pH and lower TA than full crop vines at harvest. Fruit thinned at lag phase and véraison had higher TSS and lower TA than fruit thinned pre-bloom. Intensity of thinning had a stronger influence on anthocyanin and tannin concentration than timing, while phenolics were not impacted by either factor. Ravaz index values (fruit yield/pruning weight) below 2.25 and leaf area to yield ratios of 2.25 to 3.25 m2/kg improved fruit composition in 2011 as did later season thinning, though data from the remaining years of this study will provide more insight into appropriate crop load metrics for cool climate Pinot Noir. A second study was implemented in 2011 to determine the impact of crop thinning in vines with different levels of vegetative vigor caused by three vineyard floor management techniques: permanent grass (Festuca rubra spp. rubra) cover (grass), alternating grass cover and tillage (grass & tilled), and tillage of every alleyway (tilled). Crop was thinned at the BB stage of berry development (EL stage 73) to one cluster per shoot (half crop) or not thinned (full crop); all cluster wings were removed at the time of thinning. Tillage treatments had been in place four years prior to the start of the study and competition for nitrogen in grass caused reduced early season vine growth, leaf chlorophyll and canopy size at both bloom and véraison while crop thinning increased canopy size at véraison. Yields were altered by tillage and crop thinning treatments, as grass had fewer clusters per shoot and berries per cluster, and crop thinning reduced yields to 64.7% of full crop across all tillage treatments. At harvest, grass had the lowest TA while TSS and pH were not affected by tillage. Crop thinning increased TSS but did not impact pH or TA. Anthocyanins were affected by both tillage and thinning and were found to be related to vine yield, YAN, leaf N, and leaf area index. Tannins were highest in grass but were not affected by crop thinning, and phenolics were not changed by either factor. Few interactions between tillage and crop thinning were found, but as variables such as yield per vine were impacted by both treatment factors, monitoring long term effects of crop.
Author: Barrett Williams
Publisher: Barrett Williams
ISBN:
Category : Gardening
Languages : en
Pages : 136
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Book Description
**The Pinot Noir Vineyard Manager's Handbook Crafting Excellence in Every Vine** Unlock the secrets to managing a top-tier Pinot Noir vineyard with *The Pinot Noir Vineyard Manager's Handbook*. This essential guide is meticulously crafted to transform your vineyard into a masterpiece of viticulture, ensuring your Pinot Noir vines flourish under expert stewardship. Dive into the world of vineyard microclimates with comprehensive insights on understanding and mapping unique environmental factors that influence Pinot Noir. Harness the principles of soil health management and discover the specific soil types that bring out the best in your grapes. Explore precision viticulture techniques using cutting-edge GPS and remote sensing technologies for unrivaled vineyard management precision. Master the art of canopy management with detailed discussions on training systems, pruning techniques, and maintaining optimal leaf removal for vine health. Perfect your irrigation strategies with efficient systems, soil moisture monitoring, and drought management techniques tailored specifically for Pinot Noir. Stay ahead of threats with integral disease and pest management strategies, incorporating both organic and synthetic solutions, and ensure your vineyard’s health through vigilant monitoring. Embrace the benefits of vineyard biodiversity by encouraging beneficial wildlife and managing competing flora, enhancing both the ecosystem and grape quality. Learn the intricacies of harvest timing and techniques to determine the perfect moment for picking, ensuring the highest grape quality post-harvest. Develop rigorous grape quality standards and understand their impact on winemaking, with techniques to continually improve your crop. Integrate sustainable practices to minimize your vineyard’s carbon footprint, manage water resources efficiently, and navigate certification and compliance effortlessly. From cost analysis to funding, investment, and risk management, streamline your vineyard’s financial health. Enhance your labor management strategies with tips on hiring, training, and compliance with vineyard-specific regulations. Elevate your vineyard’s market presence through effective branding, direct-to-consumer sales, and promotional events, tapping into the lucrative world of wine tourism. Stay informed on future trends with chapters on viticulture innovations, climate adaptation, and evolving consumer preferences, preparing your vineyard for a resilient future. Delve into insightful case studies from successful Pinot Noir vineyards worldwide, extracting valuable lessons and best practices. *The Pinot Noir Vineyard Manager's Handbook* is your gateway to mastering the complexities of vineyard management, ensuring your Pinot Noir vines produce exceptional, world-class wine. Start your journey to vineyard excellence today.
Author: Maria Suk Smith
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Cold stress is among the major limiting factors for wine grape production in Pennsylvania. Post-budburst spring frost events and dormant mid-winter low temperatures can cause freeze injury of grapevine vegetative and reproductive tissues resulting in partial or total crop loss. Vineyard management practices, such as site and cultivar selection and crop load management, can impact vine susceptibility to freeze stress through avoidance or tolerance mechanisms. To understand how different practices influence vine susceptibility to freeze injury, it is crucial to analyze plant physiological adaptation and response mechanisms.Three studies utilizing young potted vines grown outdoor and mature vineyard plantings were conducted to evaluate the role of cultivar selection and crop load management in reducing the risk of freeze injury during the dormant season or post-budburst. Each study evaluated different aspects of vineyard practices and the relationship to freeze injury. In the first study, two Vitis species with different genetic parentage and mid-winter freeze tolerance were compared for hydraulic response and recovery to post-budburst freeze injury. Stem xylem anatomical traits of each species were measured to determine their role in vine response and recovery to freeze injury. The second and third studies compared a novel crop load management technique, early leaf removal (ELR), to a more traditional yield regulation practice, cluster thinning (CT), on two high-yielding cultivars, Vitis hybrid Chancellor and V. vinifera Grner Veltliner. In each of these two studies, the timing (Grner Veltliner; trace bloom versus fruit set) and intensity (Chancellor; low versus high) of ELR and CT were compared to an un-defoliated, un-thinned control. One of the objectives was to understand how manipulating vine crop load (i.e., carbohydrate source-sink ratio) would influence leaf photosynthetic capacity (Grner Veltliner) and overwinter starch concentration in storage tissues (Chancellor) and how those factors relate to bud winter freeze tolerance. Additionally, the impact of crop load management practices on commercially important production parameters, such yield components, fruit ripeness, wine composition and consumer sensory perception (Chancellor), and economic impacts were assessed. In the first study, short-term hydraulic response (within 48 hours) to a temperature-controlled post-budburst freeze stress differed by species. Species differences in stem xylem anatomical traits (e.g., vessel frequency, vessel grouping) supported the contrasting hydraulic response. The long-term seasonal recovery from freeze injury, however, was similar between species despite differences in anatomical traits. In the second and third study, ELR had a greater impact on bud freeze tolerance than CT only during vine acclimation in Grner Veltliner and during mid-winter in Chancellor; however, all crop load treatments positively influence starch concentration in perennial tissues. Furthermore, the vine response to ELR depended on the percentage of leaf area removed, which was higher in Chancellor than Grner Veltliner at the same phenological stage. Overall, our results pertaining to freeze injury suggest a continued need for exploring mechanisms behind vine response to vineyard management practices and vine traits that benefit response and recovery to cold stress.
Author: Harald Claus
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3038976741
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 176
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Book Description
Wineries are facing new challenges due to actual market demands for the creation of products exhibiting more particular flavors. In addition, climate change has lead to the requirement for grape varieties with specific features, such as convenient maturation times, enhanced tolerance towards dryness, osmotic stress, and resistance against plant-pathogens. The next generation of yeast starter cultures should produce wines with an appealing sensory profile and less alcohol. This Special Issue comprises actual studies addressing some of the problems and solutions for the environmental, technical, and consumer challenges of wine making today: Development of sophisticated mass spectroscopic methods enable the identification of the major metabolite spectrum of grapes/wine and deliver detailed insights in terroir and yeast-specific traits;Knowledge of the origin and reactions of reductive sulphur compounds facilitates the avoidance of unpleasant wine odors;Innovative physical–chemical treatments support effective and sustainable color extraction from red grape varieties;Enological enzymes from yeasts used directly or in the form of starter cultures are promising tools to increase the juice yields, color intensity, and aroma of wine;Natural and artificial Saccharomyces hybrids as well as collections of adapted wild isolates from various ecological niches will extend winemakers repertoire, allowing individual fermentations;Exact process control of wine fermentations by convenient computer programs will guarantee consistently high product quality.
Author: Anton Prajitna
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Grapes
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
Abstract: This study investigated the effect of cluster thinning on the quality and nutraceutical content of 'Chambourcin', 'Pinot noir' and 'Cabernet franc' wine grape berries and wines. In addition, this study investigated SO2 interference on wine nutraceutical content determination. In experiment 1, three vintages of Chambourcin and one vintage of Pinot noir crop level treated wines were evaluated for their composition, anthocyanin, total phenolic, antioxidant and total resveratrol content. Cluster thinning did not affect basic wine composition except pH. Cluster thinning, however, increased the total anthocyanins, total phenolics, and antioxidant capacity. Cluster thinning also increased the total resveratrol level in Chambourcin but not in Pinot noir wines. In experiment 2, we evaluated the effect of cluster thinning on yield parameters, vine growth, fruitfulness, canopy parameters, composition, anthocyanins, total phenolics and antioxidant capacity of 'Chambourcin', 'Pinot noir' and 'Cabernet franc' berries. We found that reponses cluster thinning treatments appear to be confounded with cold injury. Cluster thinning reduced yield in one out of two years of 'Chambourcin' and 'Pinot noir' vines. Cluster thinning increased cluster weight of Chambourcin but not Pinot noir and Cabernet franc. Cluster thinning decreased cropload of Chambourcin and one year of 'Pinot noir' vines. 'Pinot noir' vines under low crop level treatments had the most clusters/vine count prior to cluster thinning in 2004. Cluster thinning increased the anthocyanins, total phenolics and antioxidant capacity of Chambourcin berries linearly independent of harvest date. In experiment 3, we evaluated the extent of sulfite content interference on antioxidant determination (FRAP and ABTS assay) in red and white wines. Addition of SO2 up to 200 mg/L increased antioxidant capacity significantly. Addition of 100 mg/L SO2 generated on average 6.6 % and 64 % increase in antioxidant capacity for red and white wines, respectively indicating the extent of interference was much more pronounced in white compared to red wines.
Author: Andrew G. Reynolds
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
ISBN: 9781782421443
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Many aspects of both grape production and winemaking influence wine sensory properties and stability. Progress in research helps to elucidate the scientific basis of quality variation in wine and suggest changes in viticulture and oenology practices. The two volumes of Managing wine quality review developments of importance to wine producers, researchers, and students. The focus is on recent studies, advanced methods and likely future technologies. Volume 1 opens with chapters reviewing current understanding of wine aroma, colour, taste and mouthfeel. Part two focuses on the measurement of grape and wine properties. Topics covered include instrumental analysis of grape, must and wine, sensory evaluation and wine authenticity and traceability. The effects of viticulture technologies on grape composition and wine quality attributes are the subject of part three. Terroir, viticultural and vineyard management practices, fungal contaminants and grape processing equipment are among the areas discussed. Volume 2 opens with chapters reviewing the impact of different winemaking technologies on quality. Topics covered include yeast and fermentation management, enzymes, ageing on lees, new directions in stabilisation, clarification and fining of white wines and alternatives to cork in wine bottle closures. Managing wine sensory quality is the major focus of part two. Authors consider issues such as cork taint, non-enzymatic oxidation and the impact of ageing on wine flavour deterioration. The volume concludes with chapters on the management of the quality of ice wines and sparkling wines. Reviews current understanding of wine aroma, colour, taste and mouthfeel Details the measurement of grape and wine properties through instrumental analysis, must and wine, and sensory evaluation Reviews the impact of different technologies on wine quality
Author: Michael Edward Byrne
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Pruning
Languages : en
Pages : 250
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Book Description
Author: Tiago Luís Barros Sampaio
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780549072867
Category : Grapes
Languages : en
Pages : 261
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Book Description
In order to produce wine lots from the different rootstocks, a micro-scale fermentation technique was developed. Based upon chemical and spectral analyses, this technique approximated the results obtained with a commercial red wine fermentation.
Author: Mark A. Matthews
Publisher: Univ of California Press
ISBN: 0520276957
Category : Cooking
Languages : en
Pages : 322
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Book Description
"Matthews brings a scientist's skepticism and scrutiny to widely held ideas and beliefs about viticulture--often promulgated by people who have not tried to grow grapes for a living--and subjects them to critical examination: Is terroir primarily a marketing ploy that obscures our understanding of which environments really produce the best wine? Can grapevines that yield a high berry crop generate wines of high quality? What does it mean to have vines that are balanced or grapes that are fully mature? Do biodynamic practices violate biological principles? These and other questions will be addressed in a book that could alternatively be titled (in homage to a PUP bestseller) On Wine Bullshit"--Provided by publisher.
