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Author: Gareth Price
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics, Commercial
Languages : en
Pages : 111
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Book Description
Author: Gareth Price
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics, Commercial
Languages : en
Pages : 111
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Book Description
Author: Joanne Scott
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The European Union (EU) is a self-conscious leader in the 'fight' against climate change and an active proponent of an ambitious global climate regime. Nonetheless, to a significant degree its efforts have been in vain. A global agreement to extend or replace the Kyoto Protocol has not been put in place and prospects for an ambitious and comprehensive global climate agreement seem slim. It is against this backdrop of global climate inertia, that the EU has started to change its tack. Fuelled by both environmental and competitiveness concerns, the EU is acting to extend the global reach of its 'domestic' climate change law. It is engaging in climate change unilateralism, albeit unilateralism of a particular and interesting kind. The EU's climate change unilateralism is 'contingent' in the sense that the global extension of EU climate change law depends upon there being no adequate international agreement or third country climate action in place. As such the EU should be viewed as a reluctant unilateralist and as deploying contingent unilateralism as a means of incentivising urgently needed climate action elsewhere. In keeping with the theme of this volume as a whole, the EU is shaping the legal structures of global governance in a multi-polar world by testing the boundaries of permissible unilateral action and by experimenting with a form of action-forcing contingent unilateralism that conceives unilateralism as a necessary policy option but one which, ultimately, is second best.
Author: Kebene Wodajo
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659496608
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 64
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Book Description
The aviation sector represents an important transport industry and provides essential links between countries and regions. At the same time aviation is one of the contributors to the global greenhouse gas (GHG) emission.Given the trans-boundary nature of climate change, a global solution would be the most efficient and effective option for addressing the related GHG-emission. However, global negotiations so far have not been successful. Against this background, the EU has decided to include aviation in its Emission Trading System (ETS) from 2012. with this background, this book brings into focus the legality of EU aviation directive 2008/101 under GATT rules and the doctrine of sovereignty. Through analysis, the book addresses questions on whether EU aviation directive violates the doctrine of sovereignty reflected under Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation Organization and the UN Charter, whether the unilateral and extraterritorial measure of EU can be justified under GATT rules and whether the GATT exceptions will be applicable to EU ETS scheme.
Author: Darren A. Prum
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Effective January 1, 2012, the European Union (EU) instituted the first emissions trading scheme (ETS) for aviation which affected the domestic and international commercial airline industry flying into and out of the EU. The EU established the ETS to counter the global aviation sector's role in releasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; however, such movement was met with heavy opposition by foreign countries, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), various commercial airlines and the Air Transport Association of America (ATA). This paper analyzes the legality of the EU's unilateral ETS approach with respect to the commercial airline industry, examines the subsequent development of the ICAO's global market based members (MBM) program, reviews strategic political strategies implemented by foreign nations to counter the EU's unilateral action, evaluates the ICAO's recent developments in instituting a global trading scheme to reduce GHG emissions, and proposes policy issues with respect to the ICAO's MGM program as it applies to the EU ETS.
Author: Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Energy and Climate Change Committee
Publisher: The Stationery Office
ISBN: 9780215040725
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 166
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Book Description
The Government's decision to set a unilateral Carbon Price Floor could have a "devastating effect" on UK industry and will artificially raise electricity prices for consumers, while having no overall impact on emissions. Unless the price of carbon is increased at an EU-wide level, taking action on our own will have no overall effect on emissions other than to out-source them. Energy generators and heavy industry could be subject to an 'exorbitant' top-up tax of up to £25 per tonne of CO2 under current plans, because the price of carbon in the rest of the EU is so low. Electricity prices will increase as the price floor keeps the cost of carbon higher than in other countries, effectively subsidising other Member States at the expense of the UK consumer and resulting in "carbon leakage". DECC expects there to be as much as 10 GW of interconnection with other countries by 2020, some 10% of installed capacity. This makes electricity generation more susceptible to leakage than other sectors, such as goods manufacture, which may be restricted by the difficulties of relocating production. The report recommends that the: overall EU ETS cap should be toughened to deliver a 30% emissions reduction target by 2020; the annual reduction rate for the EU ETS cap must also be adjusted to set out a long-term emissions trajectory that will deliver a 60-80% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050; the EU should set aside a significant number of EU Allowances and Members States should support this move as a necessary short-term fix
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. Subcommittee on Aviation
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 76
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Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aircraft exhaust emissions
Languages : en
Pages : 122
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Author: Louis Boisgibault
Publisher: Louis Boisgibault
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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Book Description
European Union's energy goals for 2020, inclusion of aviation in EU ETS since 2012 and the important increase of CO2 emissions in Southern Mediterranean countries, all justify to pay careful attention to the challenges of the carbon constraint at the Euro-Mediterranean scale. The notion of "carbon constraint" stems from the application of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and from the Kyoto Protocol that resulted in the implementation of the EU ETS in European Union countries. Contrary to European countries that committed to emissions reductions goals ("Annex I countries" of UNFCCC and "Annex B countries" of Kyoto Protocol), Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries (SEMC), like other emergent countries, apply the principle of "common but differentiated responsibility" that exempt them from adopting any binding emission reductions goals. The extension of the EU ETS, with the auctioning of emission credits as of 2013, and the evolution, even though difficult, of international climate negotiations might nevertheless modify the situation of unbalanced commitments that prevails between Northern countries and Southern countries (section 1). Moreover, if the carbon constraint for European countries remains today soft, it might on a short or medium term generate several economic and social impacts, and potentially on the regional trade (section 2). Several green initiatives undertaken on the Southern shore to develop environmental policies and new carbon market mechanisms have to be supported so as to limit these negative impacts and to implement a virtuous regional momentum (section 3).
Author: Jan Walulik
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351134892
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 252
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Book Description
Harmonising Regulatory and Antitrust Regimes for International Air Transport addresses the timely and problematic issue of lack of uniformity in legal standards for international civil aviation. The book focuses on discrepancies within the regulatory and antitrust framework, comprehensively reveals the major legal limitations and conflicts, and presents possible solutions thereto. It discusses possible strategies for multilateralisation and defragmentation of air law, and for international harmonisation of airline economic regulation with fair competition standards. This discussion extends to competition between air transport law and other legal regimes as well as to specific regulatory problems related to air transport. The unique feature of the book is that it reconciles distinct perspectives on these issues presented by renowned aviation and aerospace experts who represent the world’s key air transport markets and air law academic centres. By providing unbiased solutions that could serve as a base for future international arrangements, this book will be invaluable for aviation professionals, as well as students and scholars with an interest in air law, economic regulation, antitrust studies, international relations, transportation policy and airline management.
Author: Ioanna Hadjiyianni
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 1035314681
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 303
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Book Description
This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 License. It is free to read, download and share on Elgaronline.com. In this authoritative book, Ioanna Hadjiyianni and Kleoniki Pouikli incisively map out the regulatory landscape of ship recycling, exploring the main international and European regulatory approaches that govern its environmental impacts. In light of the transnational demands of environmental justice, they critically assess the interaction between multiple regimes from the perspective of key environmental principles and the EU’s attempts to steer regulatory developments in this field.
