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Author: Igor Douven
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107111455
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 233
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Book Description
Addresses central questions concerning conditionals by combining the methods of formal epistemology with those of cognitive psychology.
Author: Igor Douven
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107111455
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 233
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Book Description
Addresses central questions concerning conditionals by combining the methods of formal epistemology with those of cognitive psychology.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781316428825
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Sarah Moss
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0198792158
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 281
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Book Description
Sarah Moss argues that in addition to full beliefs, credences can constitute knowledge. She introduces the notion of probabilistic content and shows how it plays a central role not only in epistemology, but in the philosophy of mind and language. Just you can believe and assert propositions, you can believe and assert probabilistic contents.
Author: Nicholas Rescher
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262264439
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 261
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Book Description
A unified treatment of conditionals based on epistemological principles rather than the semantical principles in vogue over recent decades. This book by distinguished philosopher Nicholas Rescher seeks to clarify the idea of what a conditional says by elucidating the information that is normally transmitted by its utterance. The result is a unified treatment of conditionals based on epistemological principles rather than the semantical principles in vogue over recent decades. This approach, argues Rescher, makes it easier to understand how conditionals actually function in our thought and discourse. In its concern with what language theorists call pragmatics—the study of the norms and principles governing our use of language in conveying information—Conditionals steps beyond the limits of logic as traditionally understood and moves into the realm claimed by theorists of artificial intelligence as they try to simulate our actual information-processing practices. The book's treatment of counterfactuals essentially revives an epistemological approach proposed by F. P. Ramsey in the 1920s and developed by Rescher himself in the 1960s but since overshadowed by the now-dominant possible-worlds approach. Rescher argues that the increasingly evident liabilities of the possible-worlds strategy make a reappraisal of the older style of analysis both timely and desirable. As the book makes clear, an epistemological approach demonstrates that counterfactual reasoning, unlike inductive inference, is not a matter of abstract reasoning alone but one of good judgment and common sense.
Author: Timothy Williamson
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0198860668
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 287
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Book Description
What does 'if' mean? Timothy Williamson presents a controversial new approach to understanding conditional thinking, which is central to human cognitive life. He argues that in using 'if' we rely on psychological heuristics, fast and frugal methods which can lead us to trust faulty data and prematurely reject simple theories.
Author: Lee Walters
Publisher:
ISBN: 0198712731
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 279
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Book Description
Conditionals, Paradox, and Probability comprises fifteen original essays on themes from the work of Dorothy Edgington, the first woman to hold a chair in philosophy at Oxford. Eminent contributors from philosophy and linguistics discuss a range of topics including conditionals, vagueness, knowledge, reasoning, and probability.
Author: Anthony Appiah
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521304115
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 298
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Book Description
This book develops in detail the simple idea that assertion is the expression of belief. In it the author puts forward a version of 'probabilistic semantics' which acknowledges that we are not perfectly rational, and which offers a significant advance in generality on theories of meaning couched in terms of truth conditions. It promises to challenge a number of entrenched and widespread views about the relations of language and mind. Part I presents a functionalist account of belief, worked through a modified form of decision theory. In Part II the author generates a theory of meaning in terms of 'assertibility conditions', whereby to know the meaning of an assertion is to know the belief it expresses.
Author: Igor Douven
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262046709
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 371
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Book Description
A novel defense of abduction, one of the main forms of nondeductive reasoning. With this book, Igor Douven offers the first comprehensive defense of abduction, a form of nondeductive reasoning. Abductive reasoning, which is guided by explanatory considerations, has been under normative pressure since the advent of Bayesian approaches to rationality. Douven argues that, although it deviates from Bayesian tenets, abduction is nonetheless rational. Drawing on scientific results, in particular those from reasoning research, and using computer simulations, Douven addresses the main critiques of abduction. He shows that versions of abduction can perform better than the currently popular Bayesian approaches—and can even do the sort of heavy lifting that philosophers have hoped it would do. Douven examines abduction in detail, comparing it to other modes of inference, explaining its historical roots, discussing various definitions of abduction given in the philosophical literature, and addressing the problem of underdetermination. He looks at reasoning research that investigates how judgments of explanation quality affect people’s beliefs and especially their changes of belief. He considers the two main objections to abduction, the dynamic Dutch book argument, and the inaccuracy-minimization argument, and then gives abduction a positive grounding, using agent-based models to show the superiority of abduction in some contexts. Finally, he puts abduction to work in a well-known underdetermination argument, the argument for skepticism regarding the external world.
Author: Jonathan Bennett
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199258872
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 402
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Book Description
The author, one of the world's leading authorities on the subject of conditional sentences, distils many years' work and teaching into 'A Philosophical Guide to Conditionals', an authoritative treatment of the subject.
Author: Maciej Sendłak
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031653610
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 206
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Book Description
