Author: William B. Freeman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Lightning
Languages : en
Pages : 92
Book Description
Distributions were developed for 1972 in the Eastern Hemisphere of thunderstorm days (January, April, July, and October), the incidence of lightning discharge (January and April), and the areal concentration of lightning discharge (yearly). These analyses were based on a review of sferics data. Charts of thunderstorm days differed significantly from mean charts of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), especially over the oceans, North Africa, Arabia, the Mediterranean Sea, and Southeast China. These areas of sparse data in the WMO compilation have been covered in this investigation. The tentative, first estimate of the distribution of lightning discharges over a large area of Earth differed significantly from the distribution of thunderstorm days for April and July, but the two distributions were similar for January and October. Centers of relatively high occurrence of lightning discharge on a yearly basis were located over South Africa, the Mediterranean Sea, Arabia, Southeast China, Southeast Asia, and Australia. The occurrence of lightning discharge was shown to follow Sun northward from January to the maximum poleward thrust in July. The occurrence of lightning discharge receded equatorward from July to the end of fall in December. The most reliable planetary-scale estimate of the average incidence of lightning discharge was 0.000042 per km per sec for the Northern Hemisphere (0-179E) in January 1972 and 0.000030 per km per sec for April 1972.
The Distribution of Thunderstorm Days, Lightning Discharges, and the Incidence of Lightning Discharge Derived from VLF Sferics Data
Author: William B. Freeman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Lightning
Languages : en
Pages : 92
Book Description
Distributions were developed for 1972 in the Eastern Hemisphere of thunderstorm days (January, April, July, and October), the incidence of lightning discharge (January and April), and the areal concentration of lightning discharge (yearly). These analyses were based on a review of sferics data. Charts of thunderstorm days differed significantly from mean charts of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), especially over the oceans, North Africa, Arabia, the Mediterranean Sea, and Southeast China. These areas of sparse data in the WMO compilation have been covered in this investigation. The tentative, first estimate of the distribution of lightning discharges over a large area of Earth differed significantly from the distribution of thunderstorm days for April and July, but the two distributions were similar for January and October. Centers of relatively high occurrence of lightning discharge on a yearly basis were located over South Africa, the Mediterranean Sea, Arabia, Southeast China, Southeast Asia, and Australia. The occurrence of lightning discharge was shown to follow Sun northward from January to the maximum poleward thrust in July. The occurrence of lightning discharge receded equatorward from July to the end of fall in December. The most reliable planetary-scale estimate of the average incidence of lightning discharge was 0.000042 per km per sec for the Northern Hemisphere (0-179E) in January 1972 and 0.000030 per km per sec for April 1972.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Lightning
Languages : en
Pages : 92
Book Description
Distributions were developed for 1972 in the Eastern Hemisphere of thunderstorm days (January, April, July, and October), the incidence of lightning discharge (January and April), and the areal concentration of lightning discharge (yearly). These analyses were based on a review of sferics data. Charts of thunderstorm days differed significantly from mean charts of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), especially over the oceans, North Africa, Arabia, the Mediterranean Sea, and Southeast China. These areas of sparse data in the WMO compilation have been covered in this investigation. The tentative, first estimate of the distribution of lightning discharges over a large area of Earth differed significantly from the distribution of thunderstorm days for April and July, but the two distributions were similar for January and October. Centers of relatively high occurrence of lightning discharge on a yearly basis were located over South Africa, the Mediterranean Sea, Arabia, Southeast China, Southeast Asia, and Australia. The occurrence of lightning discharge was shown to follow Sun northward from January to the maximum poleward thrust in July. The occurrence of lightning discharge receded equatorward from July to the end of fall in December. The most reliable planetary-scale estimate of the average incidence of lightning discharge was 0.000042 per km per sec for the Northern Hemisphere (0-179E) in January 1972 and 0.000030 per km per sec for April 1972.
The Distribution of Thunderstorm Days, Lightning Discharges, and the Incidence of Lightning Discharge Derived from VLF Sferics Data
Author: Bill Freeman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Lightning
Languages : en
Pages : 89
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Lightning
Languages : en
Pages : 89
Book Description
The Distribution of Thunderstorm Days, Lightning Discharges, and the Incidence of Lightning Discharge Derived from VLF Sferics Data
Author: Bill Freeman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Lightning
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Distributions were developed for 1972 in the Eastern Hemisphere of thunderstorm days (January, April, July, and October), the incidence of lightning discharge (January and April), and the areal concentration of lightning discharge (yearly). These analyses were based on a review of sferics data. Charts of thunderstorm days differed significantly from mean charts of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), especially over the oceans, North Africa, Arabia, the Mediterranean Sea, and Southeast China. These areas of sparse data in the WMO compilation have been covered in this investigation. The tentative, first estimate of the distribution of lightning discharges over a large area of Earth differed significantly from the distribution of thunderstorm days for April and July, but the two distributions were similar for January and October. Centers of relatively high occurrence of lightning discharge on a yearly basis were located over South Africa, the Mediterranean Sea, Arabia, Southeast China, Southeast Asia, and Australia. The occurrence of lightning discharge was shown to follow Sun northward from January to the maximum poleward thrust in July. The occurrence of lightning discharge receded equatorward from July to the end of fall in December. The most reliable planetary-scale estimate of the average incidence of lightning discharge was 0.000042 per km per sec for the Northern Hemisphere (0-179E) in January 1972 and 0.000030 per km per sec for April 1972.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Lightning
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Distributions were developed for 1972 in the Eastern Hemisphere of thunderstorm days (January, April, July, and October), the incidence of lightning discharge (January and April), and the areal concentration of lightning discharge (yearly). These analyses were based on a review of sferics data. Charts of thunderstorm days differed significantly from mean charts of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), especially over the oceans, North Africa, Arabia, the Mediterranean Sea, and Southeast China. These areas of sparse data in the WMO compilation have been covered in this investigation. The tentative, first estimate of the distribution of lightning discharges over a large area of Earth differed significantly from the distribution of thunderstorm days for April and July, but the two distributions were similar for January and October. Centers of relatively high occurrence of lightning discharge on a yearly basis were located over South Africa, the Mediterranean Sea, Arabia, Southeast China, Southeast Asia, and Australia. The occurrence of lightning discharge was shown to follow Sun northward from January to the maximum poleward thrust in July. The occurrence of lightning discharge receded equatorward from July to the end of fall in December. The most reliable planetary-scale estimate of the average incidence of lightning discharge was 0.000042 per km per sec for the Northern Hemisphere (0-179E) in January 1972 and 0.000030 per km per sec for April 1972.
The Distribution of Thunderstorm Days, Lightning Discharges, and the Incidence of Lightning Discharge Derived from VLF Sferics Data
Author: William B Freeman (Jr)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 89
Book Description
Distributions were developed for 1972 in the Eastern Hemisphere of thunderstorm days (january, April, July, and October), the incidence of lightning discharge (january and April), and the areal concentration of lightning discharge (yearly). These analyses were based on a review of sferics data. Charts of thunderstorm days differed significantly from mean charts of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), especially over the oceans, North Africa, Arabia, the Mediterranean Sea, and Southeast China. These areas of sparse data in the WMO compilation have been covered in this investigation. The tentative, first estimate of the distribution of lightning discharges over a large area of Earth differed significantly from the distribution of thunderstorm days for April and July, but the two distributions were similar for January and October. Centers of relatively high occurrence of lightning discharge on a yearly basis were located over South Africa, the Mediterranean Sea, Arabia, Southeast China, Southeast Asia, and Australia. The occurrence of lightning discharge was shown to follow Sun northward from January to the maximum poleward thrust in July. The occurrence of lightning discharge receded equatorward from July to the end of fall in December. The most reliable planetary-scale estimate of the average incidence of lightning discharge was 0.000042 per km per sec for the Northern Hemisphere (0-179E) in January 1972 and 0.000030 per km per sec for April 1972.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 89
Book Description
Distributions were developed for 1972 in the Eastern Hemisphere of thunderstorm days (january, April, July, and October), the incidence of lightning discharge (january and April), and the areal concentration of lightning discharge (yearly). These analyses were based on a review of sferics data. Charts of thunderstorm days differed significantly from mean charts of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), especially over the oceans, North Africa, Arabia, the Mediterranean Sea, and Southeast China. These areas of sparse data in the WMO compilation have been covered in this investigation. The tentative, first estimate of the distribution of lightning discharges over a large area of Earth differed significantly from the distribution of thunderstorm days for April and July, but the two distributions were similar for January and October. Centers of relatively high occurrence of lightning discharge on a yearly basis were located over South Africa, the Mediterranean Sea, Arabia, Southeast China, Southeast Asia, and Australia. The occurrence of lightning discharge was shown to follow Sun northward from January to the maximum poleward thrust in July. The occurrence of lightning discharge receded equatorward from July to the end of fall in December. The most reliable planetary-scale estimate of the average incidence of lightning discharge was 0.000042 per km per sec for the Northern Hemisphere (0-179E) in January 1972 and 0.000030 per km per sec for April 1972.
The Distribution of Thunderstorm Days, Lightning Discharges, and the Incidence of Lightning Discharge Derived from VLF Sferics Data
Author: William B. Freeman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Lightning
Languages : en
Pages : 94
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Lightning
Languages : en
Pages : 94
Book Description
Special Reports - Air Force Geophysics Laboratory
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geophysics
Languages : en
Pages : 94
Book Description
Vols. for 1976- include Its Geophysics and space data bulletin.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geophysics
Languages : en
Pages : 94
Book Description
Vols. for 1976- include Its Geophysics and space data bulletin.
Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 774
Book Description
Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 774
Book Description
Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
The Electrical Nature of Storms
Author: D. R. MacGorman
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 9780195073379
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 436
Book Description
Rapid progress during the last twenty years has created a host of new technologies for studying electrical storms, including lightning mapping systems, new radars, satellite sensors, and new ways of measuring electric field and particle charge. This book explains how these advances have revolutionized our understanding. The books provides substantial background material, making it accessible to a broad scientific audience.
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 9780195073379
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 436
Book Description
Rapid progress during the last twenty years has created a host of new technologies for studying electrical storms, including lightning mapping systems, new radars, satellite sensors, and new ways of measuring electric field and particle charge. This book explains how these advances have revolutionized our understanding. The books provides substantial background material, making it accessible to a broad scientific audience.
Meteorological and Geoastrophysical Abstracts
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cosmic physics
Languages : en
Pages : 1434
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cosmic physics
Languages : en
Pages : 1434
Book Description
A Study of the Variability of Thunderstorm Electrical Events Based on Very-Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Data
Author: William Burns Freeman (Jr)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 183
Book Description
Sferics counts were used to estimate the incidence of lightning discharges; study the relationship of lightning-flash density to thunderstorm days; and explore the variability to cloud-to-ground discharges. Areal and global discharge incidence estimates were generated from sferics, yielding a global estimate of 1.3 times ten to the minus 5th power /Sq km/s. Gridded monthly values are given for much of the Eastern Hemisphere. The Southern Hemisphere tropics were found to have a average incidence of discharge than the Northern Hemisphere tropics. The linear regression relationship between flash density and thunder storm days indicated lower estimates of flash density when based on data stratifications compared to previous studies. Selected data from the Eastern Hemisphere were studied by linear regression techniques for causes of large-scale variability of cloud-to-ground discharges. In order of importance the regressors were the height of freezing level, the planetary geomagnetic index, a parameterization of the height of the freezing level, precipitable water in 1000-850 mb layer, the dew-point depression at 850 mb, the K index of stability, and the departure of the H-component of the magnetic force vector from its mean. (Author).
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 183
Book Description
Sferics counts were used to estimate the incidence of lightning discharges; study the relationship of lightning-flash density to thunderstorm days; and explore the variability to cloud-to-ground discharges. Areal and global discharge incidence estimates were generated from sferics, yielding a global estimate of 1.3 times ten to the minus 5th power /Sq km/s. Gridded monthly values are given for much of the Eastern Hemisphere. The Southern Hemisphere tropics were found to have a average incidence of discharge than the Northern Hemisphere tropics. The linear regression relationship between flash density and thunder storm days indicated lower estimates of flash density when based on data stratifications compared to previous studies. Selected data from the Eastern Hemisphere were studied by linear regression techniques for causes of large-scale variability of cloud-to-ground discharges. In order of importance the regressors were the height of freezing level, the planetary geomagnetic index, a parameterization of the height of the freezing level, precipitable water in 1000-850 mb layer, the dew-point depression at 850 mb, the K index of stability, and the departure of the H-component of the magnetic force vector from its mean. (Author).