The Cross-Section of Labor Leverage and Equity Returns PDF Download
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Author: Andres Donangelo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
Using a standard production model, we demonstrate theoretically that, even if labor is fully flexible, it generates a form of operating leverage if (a) wages are smoother than productivity and (b) the capital-labor elasticity of substitution is strictly less than one. Our model supports using labor share-the ratio of labor expenses to value added-as a proxy for labor leverage. We show evidence for conditions (a) and (b), and we demonstrate the economic significance of labor leverage: High labor-share firms have operating profits that are more sensitive to shocks, and they have higher expected asset returns.
Author: Andres Donangelo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
Using a standard production model, we demonstrate theoretically that, even if labor is fully flexible, it generates a form of operating leverage if (a) wages are smoother than productivity and (b) the capital-labor elasticity of substitution is strictly less than one. Our model supports using labor share-the ratio of labor expenses to value added-as a proxy for labor leverage. We show evidence for conditions (a) and (b), and we demonstrate the economic significance of labor leverage: High labor-share firms have operating profits that are more sensitive to shocks, and they have higher expected asset returns.
Author: Paul Gomme
Publisher: London : Department of Economics, University of Western Ontario
ISBN:
Category : Business cycles
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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Book Description
Author: Andres Donangelo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 63
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Book Description
Worker's employment decisions affect the productivity of capital and asset prices in predictable ways. Using a dynamic model, I show that reliance on a workforce with flexibility to enter and exit an industry translates into a form of operating leverage that amplifies equity-holders' exposure to productivity shocks. Consequently, firms in industry with mobile workers have higher systematic risk loadings and higher expected asset returns. I use data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics to construct a novel measure of labor supply mobility, in line with the model, based on the composition of occupations across industries over time. I document a positive and economically significant relation between labor mobility and expected asset returns in the cross-section. This relation is not explained by firm characteristics known in the literature to predict expected returns in the cross-section.
Author: Santiago Bazdresch
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Turan G. Bali
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118589475
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 512
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Book Description
“Bali, Engle, and Murray have produced a highly accessible introduction to the techniques and evidence of modern empirical asset pricing. This book should be read and absorbed by every serious student of the field, academic and professional.” Eugene Fama, Robert R. McCormick Distinguished Service Professor of Finance, University of Chicago and 2013 Nobel Laureate in Economic Sciences “The empirical analysis of the cross-section of stock returns is a monumental achievement of half a century of finance research. Both the established facts and the methods used to discover them have subtle complexities that can mislead casual observers and novice researchers. Bali, Engle, and Murray’s clear and careful guide to these issues provides a firm foundation for future discoveries.” John Campbell, Morton L. and Carole S. Olshan Professor of Economics, Harvard University “Bali, Engle, and Murray provide clear and accessible descriptions of many of the most important empirical techniques and results in asset pricing.” Kenneth R. French, Roth Family Distinguished Professor of Finance, Tuck School of Business, Dartmouth College “This exciting new book presents a thorough review of what we know about the cross-section of stock returns. Given its comprehensive nature, systematic approach, and easy-to-understand language, the book is a valuable resource for any introductory PhD class in empirical asset pricing.” Lubos Pastor, Charles P. McQuaid Professor of Finance, University of Chicago Empirical Asset Pricing: The Cross Section of Stock Returns is a comprehensive overview of the most important findings of empirical asset pricing research. The book begins with thorough expositions of the most prevalent econometric techniques with in-depth discussions of the implementation and interpretation of results illustrated through detailed examples. The second half of the book applies these techniques to demonstrate the most salient patterns observed in stock returns. The phenomena documented form the basis for a range of investment strategies as well as the foundations of contemporary empirical asset pricing research. Empirical Asset Pricing: The Cross Section of Stock Returns also includes: Discussions on the driving forces behind the patterns observed in the stock market An extensive set of results that serve as a reference for practitioners and academics alike Numerous references to both contemporary and foundational research articles Empirical Asset Pricing: The Cross Section of Stock Returns is an ideal textbook for graduate-level courses in asset pricing and portfolio management. The book is also an indispensable reference for researchers and practitioners in finance and economics. Turan G. Bali, PhD, is the Robert Parker Chair Professor of Finance in the McDonough School of Business at Georgetown University. The recipient of the 2014 Jack Treynor prize, he is the coauthor of Mathematical Methods for Finance: Tools for Asset and Risk Management, also published by Wiley. Robert F. Engle, PhD, is the Michael Armellino Professor of Finance in the Stern School of Business at New York University. He is the 2003 Nobel Laureate in Economic Sciences, Director of the New York University Stern Volatility Institute, and co-founding President of the Society for Financial Econometrics. Scott Murray, PhD, is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Finance in the J. Mack Robinson College of Business at Georgia State University. He is the recipient of the 2014 Jack Treynor prize.
Author: John H. Cochrane
Publisher: Now Publishers Inc
ISBN: 1933019158
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 117
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Book Description
Financial Markets and the Real Economy reviews the current academic literature on the macroeconomics of finance.
Author: Sharjil M. Haque
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1589064127
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 51
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Book Description
We study the impact of the COVID-19 recession on capital structure of publicly listed U.S. firms. Our estimates suggest leverage (Net Debt/Asset) decreased by 5.3 percentage points from the pre-shock mean of 19.6 percent, while debt maturity increased moderately. This de-leveraging effect is stronger for firms exposed to significant rollover risk, while firms whose businesses were most vulnerable to social distancing did not reduce leverage. We rationalize our evidence through a structural model of firm value that shows lower expected growth rate and higher volatility of cash flows following COVID-19 reduced optimal levels of corporate leverage. Model-implied optimal leverage indicates firms which did not de-lever became over-leveraged. We find default probability deteriorates most in large, over-leveraged firms and those that were stressed pre-COVID. Additional stress tests predict value of these firms will be less than one standard deviation away from default if cash flows decline by 20 percent.
Author: Joshua G. Rosett
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
This paper investigates the role of labor utilization in assessing equity investment risk and corporate financial policy choices. Several existing models of the firm predict that labor utilization is costly to adjust in the short run. I argue that this leads to a relatively fixed obligation to pay cash to labor, in effect creating an off-balance-sheet intangible liability similar to a lease. The liability creates 'labor leverage' risk, analogous to financial leverage risk. Labor leverage is hypothesized to be positively correlated with equity investment risk as measured by characteristics of stock returns. Managers recognize this risk and adjust financial policies including debt financing and dividend policy accordingly. The main empirical results are that labor leverage is positively correlated with equity investment risk, and it plays the predicted role in regressions explaining financial structure and dividend policy. Proxies for labor leverage are simple measures based on existing disclosure. The results are consistent with the conjectures that market participants use labor disclosures to assess risk, and that managers take actions to mitigate this risk. The results are consistent across most sectors of the economy, and consistent over time.
Author: Christopher Parsons
Publisher: Now Publishers Inc
ISBN: 160198202X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 107
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Book Description
Empirical Capital Structure reviews the empirical capital structure literature from both the cross-sectional determinants of capital structure as well as time-series changes.
Author: Andreas Fagereng
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1484370066
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 69
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Book Description
We provide a systematic analysis of the properties of individual returns to wealth using twelve years of population data from Norway’s administrative tax records. We document a number of novel results. First, during our sample period individuals earn markedly different average returns on their financial assets (a standard deviation of 14%) and on their net worth (a standard deviation of 8%). Second, heterogeneity in returns does not arise merely from differences in the allocation of wealth between safe and risky assets: returns are heterogeneous even within asset classes. Third, returns are positively correlated with wealth: moving from the 10th to the 90th percentile of the financial wealth distribution increases the return by 3 percentage points - and by 17 percentage points when the same exercise is performed for the return to net worth. Fourth, wealth returns exhibit substantial persistence over time. We argue that while this persistence partly reflects stable differences in risk exposure and assets scale, it also reflects persistent heterogeneity in sophistication and financial information, as well as entrepreneurial talent. Finally, wealth returns are (mildly) correlated across generations. We discuss the implications of these findings for several strands of the wealth inequality debate.
