The Application of Ultrasonic Techniques to the Study of Plastic Deformation in Metal Single Crystals PDF Download
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Author: E. W. Ray
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: E. W. Ray
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Languages : en
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Author: Julius Frankel
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 17
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When a metal undergoes small plastic deformation, there is a change in its apparent Young's Modulus and internal friction. Both of these quantities recover following the deformation. This experiment was made to study the decrease of ultrasonic attenuation in copper single crystals following small plastic deformation. The change in the attenuation of an ultrasonic wave in a stressed single crystal does not take place smoothly. This work indicates that more than one recovery process is involved, and that the most clearly measured process has an activation energy of 1.5ev.
Author: Bruce Chick
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 68
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The purpose of the investigation was that of understanding the physical changes which occur in aluminum and in certain ionic crystals during and after deformation. The investigation involved the study of imperfection behavior generally, and specifically the interaction of point defects with moving and vibrating dislocations, as well as the contribution of dislocations to the anharmonic characteristics of solids. (Author).
Author: George Armand Alers
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Category : Deformations (Mechanics)
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 85
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The use of ultrasonic methods (and in some cases electrical conductivity measurements) for studying defect formation and motion in connection with deformation and stress cling experiments in aluminum and sodium chloride single crystals is the subject. Recovery in aluminum single crystals at 195 K was compared with recovery at room temperature and an interesting 'threshold effect' was observed; there appears to be a level of deformation which must be exceeded at this temperature before recovery occurs. The automatic recording time echo (or velocity) measurement unit was designed to measure the time between two successive echoes in a pulse echo train with a sensitivity of one nanosecond out of one hundred microseconds and to record the measurement as a voltage capable of driving a recorder so that dynamic changes in time will produce a record. It was found that no change in center frequency or bandwidth is seen over a 40 db range of gain control nor does an artificial change of 40 db in signal level produce a detectable change in measured time.
Author: Yohichi Kohzuki
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Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Strain-rate cycling tests associated with the ultrasonic oscillation were conducted for the purpose of investigation on the interaction between dislocation and dopant ions during plastic deformation of seven kinds of single crystals: NaCl doped with Li+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, F,àí, Br,àí or I,àí ions separately. Relative curves between the stress decrement (ŒîœÑ) due to ultrasonic oscillatory stress and strain-rate sensitivity (Œa) of flow stress under superposition of the oscillation are obtained by the original method (combination method of strain-rate cycling tests and application of ultrasonic oscillations) at 77¬†K to room temperature and have stair-like shapes for the specimens at low temperatures. The Gibbs free energy for overcoming of the dopant ion by dislocation at absolute zero is calculated from the data analyzed in terms of ŒîœÑ vs. Œa. As a result, the obtained energies are found to be varied linearly with the isotropic defect around it in the each specimen.
Author: Louis Gold
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Category : Crystallography
Languages : en
Pages : 322
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Author: Akira Hikata
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 43
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The report consists of two parts, (1) plastic deformation of gallium single crystals, (2) amplitude dependence of ultrasonic attenuation in lead single crystals. In the case of gallium, it is found that the dislocations do not contribute to the attenuation of ultrasonic waves of 10 Mc/sec or higher frequencies, despite the fact that the gallium crystals undergo plastic deformation with well defined dislocation glide. This phenomenon is quite in contrast to that observed in other metal single crystals such as aluminum, and is tentatively attributed to the large frictional resistance against the high velocity motion of dislocations. In the case of lead, large amplitude-dependent attenuation is observed at low temperatures. At 4.2K, a maximum in attenuation as a function of ultrasonic amplitude is found. From this attenuation maximum, it is possible to reduce the values of the electron contribution to the damping constant and of the interaction force between point defects and dislocations. (Author).
Author: Alan R. Rosenfield
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Category : Metals
Languages : en
Pages : 88
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On June 21 a symposium was sponsored by the Bureau of Naval Weapons on the application of ultrasonic energy in the deformation of metals. At this session, a number of investigators actively working in the field reported informally on the results of their research. The reports revealed that the results achieved by incorporating ultrasonic transducers into conventional metalforming and-cutting operations are sufficiently promising that the technique merits further attention. Data are available to indicate that application of ultrasonic vibrations during metal working can increase speeds, lower forces, and improve surface finishes. All of these results have been obtained without any observed difference in properties between ultrasonically and conventionally fabricated parts. (Author).
Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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