The Application of Cavity Ring-down Spectroscopy to Determine Nitrate Radical Concentrations in the Atmosphere PDF Download
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Author: Eric Michael Dick
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmospheric chemistry
Languages : en
Pages : 218
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Book Description
"The nitrate radical, NO3, is a potent atmospheric oxidant. Current NO3 measurement methods average NO3 concentrations over several kilometer pathlengths. Recent modeling studies predict that NO3's distribution is vertically inhomogenous, causing previous NO3 observations to not be representative of its atmospheric chemistry. In-situ measurements offer a test of these modeling predictions and a better understanding of NO3 chemistry. In this thesis, we describe construction of an instrument capable of detecting NO3 in-situ. This sensor is based upon cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Our initial work demonstrated that CRDS could sensitively detect NO3. We then built and tested a field prototype during June 2001, successfully detecting NO3 in the field. CRDS observations were compared to path averaged NO3 observations. Similar time behavior of both signals indicated that the techniques were observing NO3. A consistent difference in signal levels indicated that the two techniques were not sampling a homogeneous air mass"--Leaf iii.
Author: Eric Michael Dick
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmospheric chemistry
Languages : en
Pages : 218
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Book Description
"The nitrate radical, NO3, is a potent atmospheric oxidant. Current NO3 measurement methods average NO3 concentrations over several kilometer pathlengths. Recent modeling studies predict that NO3's distribution is vertically inhomogenous, causing previous NO3 observations to not be representative of its atmospheric chemistry. In-situ measurements offer a test of these modeling predictions and a better understanding of NO3 chemistry. In this thesis, we describe construction of an instrument capable of detecting NO3 in-situ. This sensor is based upon cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Our initial work demonstrated that CRDS could sensitively detect NO3. We then built and tested a field prototype during June 2001, successfully detecting NO3 in the field. CRDS observations were compared to path averaged NO3 observations. Similar time behavior of both signals indicated that the techniques were observing NO3. A consistent difference in signal levels indicated that the two techniques were not sampling a homogeneous air mass"--Leaf iii.
Author: James McChesney Hargrove
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ammonium nitrate
Languages : en
Pages : 298
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Book Description
Author: Giel Berden
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9781444308242
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 344
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Book Description
Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy: Techniques and Applications provides a practical overview of this valuable analytical tool, explaining the fundamental concepts and experimental methods, and illustrating important applications. Designed as both an introductory text and a reference source, this book is relevant for scientists unfamiliar with CRDS who are interested in using the technique in their research, as well as experienced users.
Author: Katie C. Perkins
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Development of effective pollution control strategies for urban areas requires accurate predictive models. The ability of models to correctly characterize the atmospheric chemistry, meteorology, and deposition rely on accurate data measurements, both as input and verification of output. Therefore, the measurement techniques must be sensitive, accurate, and capable of resolving the spatial and temporal variations of key chemical species. The application of a sensitive in situ optical absorption technique, known as cavity ring-down spectroscopy, will be introduced for simultaneously measuring the nitrate radical and dinitrogen pentoxide. The cavity ring-down spectrometer was initially designed and constructed based on the experiments by Steven Brown and Akkihebal Ravishankara at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The instrument design has since undergone many revisions before attaining the current instrumentation system. Laboratory observations provide verification of accurate N2O5 and NO3 detection with measurements of the nitrate radical absorption spectrum centered at 662 nm, effective chemical zeroing with nitric oxide, and efficient thermal decomposition of N2O5. Field observations at a local park provided further confirmation of the instruments capability in measuring N2O5 and NO3. However, detection limits were too high to detect ambient NO3. Effective and frequent zeroing can easily improve upon the sensitivity of the instrument. Determination of the source of the polluted air masses detected during these studies was unknown since the typical southerly winds from Houston were not observed. Since deployment in the field, instrumentation modifications and laboratory measurements are underway for preparation of the SOOT campaign in Houston, Texas starting April 15, 2009. Current modifications include automation of the titration with a solenoid valve and an automated filter changer. Wall losses and filter transmission for NO3 and N2O5 will be determined through laboratory measurements in coincidence with and ion-drift chemical ionization mass spectrometer prior to the SOOT project. Potential modifications to improve upon the instrument are suggested for future endeavors.
Author: Thomas Foken
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030521710
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1761
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Book Description
This practical handbook provides a clearly structured, concise and comprehensive account of the huge variety of atmospheric and related measurements relevant to meteorologists and for the purpose of weather forecasting and climate research, but also to the practitioner in the wider field of environmental physics and ecology. The Springer Handbook of Atmospheric Measurements is divided into six parts: The first part offers instructive descriptions of the basics of atmospheric measurements and the multitude of their influencing factors, fundamentals of quality control and standardization, as well as equations and tables of atmospheric, water, and soil quantities. The subsequent parts present classical in-situ measurements as well as remote sensing techniques from both ground-based as well as airborn or satellite-based methods. The next part focusses on complex measurements and methods that integrate different techniques to establish more holistic data. Brief discussions of measurements in soils and water, at plants, in urban and rural environments and for renewable energies demonstrate the potential of such applications. The final part provides an overview of atmospheric and ecological networks. Written by distinguished experts from academia and industry, each of the 64 chapters provides in-depth discussions of the available devices with their specifications, aspects of quality control, maintenance as well as their potential for the future. A large number of thoroughly compiled tables of physical quantities, sensors and system characteristics make this handbook a unique, universal and useful reference for the practitioner and absolutely essential for researchers, students, and technicians.
Author: Kana Takematsu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmospheric chemistry
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Sidney John Gautrau
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cavity-ringdown spectroscopy
Languages : en
Pages : 115
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Book Description
This research was part of an effort to experimentally validate computational models under development for radiation-induced atmospheric effects. Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy (CRDS) was used to measure the concentration of chemical products generated as a result of radiation interactions in a controlled atmosphere. Experiments were conducted in a vacuum chamber interfaced with a gas introduction system that controlled the initial atmospheric composition. A quadrupole mass spectrometer and tunable dye laser were integrated to confirm initial atmospheric composition, and provide wavelength flexibility for detecting a variety of chemical products generated by radiation interactions. CRDS measurements were made for ozone production resulting from alpha radiation interactions in nitrogen-oxygen mixtures while the Polonium 210 alpha sources were cycled between being shielded and exposed. The beginning of this thesis will provide brief reviews of ionizing radiation and ozone formation, along with explanations of Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy and CRDS. This is followed by a description of the existing vacuum and optical system, as well as the modifications required to integrate the mass spectrometer and dye laser. Another chapter details the modifications made to the existing software, as well as new software developed for the mass spectrometer and dye laser. Finally, results are presented showing the rapid production of ozone following exposure of the alpha radiation to the controlled atmosphere. Results also show ozone concentrations rapidly decreasing when the source was re-shielded, but when the source was re-exposed, the ozone concentration started at the previous concentration and continued to increase. This indicates the presence of a possible ozone catalyst. --Page ii.
Author: V.P. Gupta
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128188715
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 706
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Book Description
Molecular and Laser Spectroscopy, Advances and Applications: Volume 2 gives students and researchers an up-to-date understanding of the fast-developing area of molecular and laser spectroscopy. This book covers basic principles and advances in several conventional as well as new and upcoming areas of molecular and laser spectroscopy, such as a wide range of applications in medical science, material science, standoff detection, defence and security, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, and environmental science. It covers the latest advancements, both in terms of techniques and applications, and highlights future projections. Editors V.P. Gupta and Yukihiro Ozaki have brought together eminent scientists in different areas of spectroscopy to develop specialized topics in conventional molecular spectroscopy (Cavity ringdown, Matrix Isolation, Intense THz, Far- and Deep- UV, Optogalvanic ), linear and nonlinear laser spectroscopy (Rayleigh & Raman Scattering), Ultrafast Time-resolved spectroscopy, and medical applications of molecular spectroscopy. and advanced material found in research articles. This new volume expands upon the topics covered in the first volume for scientists to learn the latest techniques and put them to practical use in their work. - Covers several areas of spectroscopy research and expands upon topics covered in the first volume - Includes exhaustive lists of research articles, reviews, and books at the end of each chapter to further learning objectives - Uses illustrative examples of the varied applications to provide a practical guide to those interested in using molecular and laser spectroscopy tools in their research
Author: Mario Bitter
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Kenneth W. Busch
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Book Description
Cavity-ringdown spectroscopy is an emerging method for making high sensitivity absorption measurements with gas-phase samples. This volume, the first devoted to the method, covers the history, theory, and numerous applications. Written by leaders in the field, it is a comprehensive guide to current methods and ongoing research.
