Technical Update: Reports on the Impact of Lead Emissions from Piston-engine Aircraft on Air Quality Near U.S. Airports

Technical Update: Reports on the Impact of Lead Emissions from Piston-engine Aircraft on Air Quality Near U.S. Airports PDF Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 4

Get Book Here

Book Description


Guidebook for Assessing Airport Lead Impacts

Guidebook for Assessing Airport Lead Impacts PDF Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780309375702
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 24

Get Book Here

Book Description


Options for Reducing Lead Emissions from Piston-engine Aircraft

Options for Reducing Lead Emissions from Piston-engine Aircraft PDF Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (U.S.). Committee on Lead Emissions from Piston-Powered General Aviation Aircraft
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780309256803
Category : Aircraft exhaust emissions
Languages : en
Pages : 161

Get Book Here

Book Description
Small gasoline-powered aircraft are the single largest emitter of lead in the United States, as other major emission sources such as automobile gasoline have been previously addressed. A highly toxic substance that can result in an array of negative health effects in humans, lead is added to aviation gasoline to meet the performance and safety requirements of a sizable portion of the country’s gasoline-powered aircraft. Significantly reducing lead emissions from gasoline-powered aircraft will require the leadership and strategic guidance of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and a broad-based and sustained commitment by other government agencies and the nation’s pilots, airport managers, aviation fuel and service suppliers, and aircraft manufacturers, according to a congressionally mandated report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. While efforts are underway to develop an unleaded aviation fuel that can be used by the entire gasoline-powered fleet, the uncertainty of success means that other steps should also be taken to begin reducing lead emissions and exposures, notes the report, titled TRB Special Report 336: Options for Reducing Lead Emissions from Piston-Engine Aircraft. Piston-engine aircraft are critical to performing general aviation (GA) functions like aerial observation, medical airlift, pilot training, and business transport. Other GA functions, such as crop dusting, aerial firefighting, search and rescue, and air taxi service, have particular significance to communities in rural and remote locations.

Aircraft Emissions: Impact on Air Quality and Feasibility of Control

Aircraft Emissions: Impact on Air Quality and Feasibility of Control PDF Author: United States. Environmental Protection Agency
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 116

Get Book Here

Book Description


Aircraft Emissions

Aircraft Emissions PDF Author: United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air Programs
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 76

Get Book Here

Book Description


Aircraft Emissions

Aircraft Emissions PDF Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 72

Get Book Here

Book Description


Measurement, Modeling, and Mitigation of Lead Impacts from General Aviation

Measurement, Modeling, and Mitigation of Lead Impacts from General Aviation PDF Author: Stephen Neil Feinberg
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 166

Get Book Here

Book Description
Airborne lead (Pb) has been regulated as a criteria pollutant by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) since the Clean Air Act and its amendments in the 1970s. During the 1970s, atmospheric Pb emissions were dominated by the combustion of leaded automobile fuel and metals manufacturing. Over time, those emissions have decreased greatly and according to the EPA the largest emitter of Pb today is piston-engine aircraft. Additionally, in 2008 the EPA reduced the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for Pb by an order of magnitude. These combined factors served as the impetus for further study of general aviation Pb emissions by the EPA, local and regional air planning agencies, and airports. This dissertation is focused on characterizing Pb impacts at and around general aviation airports because of piston-engine aircraft activity. It includes a detailed analysis of Pb emissions and concentrations by both measurement and modeling. On-site particulate matter (PM) sampling was conducted at three general aviation airports across the United States with varying size, meteorological, and layout characteristics. Those airports were Richard Lloyd Jones Jr. Airport (RVS) in Tulsa, OK, Centennial Airport (APA) in Denver, CO, and Santa Monica Airport (SMO) in Santa Monica, CA. Airborne PM samples collected at these airports were digested and analyzed for Pb by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and a subset of samples were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to examine both Pb and Bromine (Br). Measurement data were used to characterize Pb at airports by examining differences in Pb concentrations at sampling locations upwind and downwind of piston-engine aircraft activity on the airport footprints. Specific analyses included upwind-downwind differences in total Pb concentrations, differences in Pb-Br correlations for samples with predicted high and low aircraft emissions impacts, and differences in Pb isotope ratios measured in the high and low impact samples. The analysis showed that Pb-Br correlation and especially Pb isotope ratios, could serve as markers for identifying Pb impacts from aircraft. Measured Pb concentrations were also used to validate the modeling performed as part of this work. Further analysis of Pb impacts was conducted by performing air dispersion modeling of Pb emissions at airports. Modeling of Pb impacts is critical because Pb measurements are usually only collected at a single or limited number of locations at or near an airport. Initially, Pb emissions at APA were modeled using the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) Emission and Dispersion Modeling System (EDMS), without having detailed information about aircraft activity at the airport. Subsequently, field campaigns were conducted at RVS, APA, and SMO to collect detailed on-site activity data and to characterize the aircraft fleet. These data were collected concurrently with the on-site Pb sampling. The airport-specific data collection was used to generate a spatially and temporally resolved emission inventory which was used as input to the EPA's AERMOD air dispersion model to estimate Pb concentration fields at and around each of the three airports. Modeled concentrations agreed well with measured values at RVS and SMO, while comparisons at APA were inferior but still acceptable by conventional air quality modeling permeance metrics. The modeling was also used to determine the aircraft operations most significantly contributing to Pb hotspots. The on-site data collection and air quality modeling framework was then applied to a fourth airport, Palo Alto Airport (PAO) in Palo Alto, CA. Data collection was conducted over a shorter period of time than the other airports. The modeled results at PAO showed excellent comparison to on-site concentrations measured by the local air agency, even though the data collection, other than total daily activity, did not occur at the same time as the modeled period. The model setups for RVS, SMO, and PAO were then used to evaluate two mitigation strategies: moving some activity areas away from others to reduce converging emissions; and replacing leaded aviation gasoline with motor vehicle gasoline in planes that are certified to use it. Moving activity areas significantly reduced maximum Pb concentrations at RVS and SMO with a smaller reduction at PAO, while using motor vehicle gasoline significantly reduced concentrations across the full airport footprints at all three airports.

Best Practices Guidebook for Preparing Lead Emission Inventories from Piston-powered Aircraft with the Emission Inventory Analysis Tool

Best Practices Guidebook for Preparing Lead Emission Inventories from Piston-powered Aircraft with the Emission Inventory Analysis Tool PDF Author: Jeremy Heiken
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780309308625
Category : Aircraft exhaust emissions
Languages : en
Pages : 38

Get Book Here

Book Description
"TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Report 133: Best Practices Guidebook for Preparing Lead Emission Inventories from Piston-Powered Aircraft with the Emission Inventory Analysis Tool examines a methodology and tool to assist airports in quantifying aircraft lead emissions at airports. The accompanying Emission Inventory Analysis Tool allows users to select airport-specific data. The tool also allows for the use of default data from the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Information on how the project was conducted can be found in the contractor's research report as a part of ACRP Web-Only Document 21: Quantifying Aircraft Lead Emissions at Airports." -- Publisher's description.

Development and Evaluation of an Air Quality Modeling Approach for Lead Emissions from Piston-engine Aircraft Operating on Leaded Aviation Gasoline

Development and Evaluation of an Air Quality Modeling Approach for Lead Emissions from Piston-engine Aircraft Operating on Leaded Aviation Gasoline PDF Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aircraft exhaust emissions
Languages : en
Pages : 76

Get Book Here

Book Description


Impact of Aircraft Emissions on Air Quality in the Vicinity of Airports: An updated model assessment of aircraft generated air pollution at LAX, JFK, and ORD

Impact of Aircraft Emissions on Air Quality in the Vicinity of Airports: An updated model assessment of aircraft generated air pollution at LAX, JFK, and ORD PDF Author: D. M. Rote
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 98

Get Book Here

Book Description