Taxation, Government Spending and Income Distribution in the Philippines PDF Download
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Author: Edita A. Tan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Finance, Public
Languages : en
Pages : 134
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Book Description
Working paper on the income redistribution effects of taxation and public expenditure in the Philippines - constitutes part of a WEP research project on income distribution and employment, and includes survey data on the extent to which different income groups make use of various social services, etc. References and statistical tables.
Author: Edita A. Tan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Finance, Public
Languages : en
Pages : 134
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Book Description
Working paper on the income redistribution effects of taxation and public expenditure in the Philippines - constitutes part of a WEP research project on income distribution and employment, and includes survey data on the extent to which different income groups make use of various social services, etc. References and statistical tables.
Author: Ke-young Chu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Developing countries
Languages : en
Pages : 70
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Book Description
Author: Edita A. Tan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 112
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Book Description
Author: Shantayanan Devarajan
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Expenditures, Public
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
Author: Shantayanan Devarajan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
November 1995 In the Philippines, the combined effect of taxation and spending policies is progressive, because the incidence pattern of spending is progressive while that of taxation is neutral. Indirect taxes, the main source of government revenue, are only slightly regressive. Although the poor consume taxed goods such as energy directly, the rich consume them indirectly by purchasing goods whose production requires energy and other taxed goods. Incidence studies of fiscal policy in developing countries typically examine either the distribution of tax burdens or the incidence of public expenditures. But the central issue for policymakers is the combined or net incidence of fiscal activities. Even if a tax is regressive, the impact of increasing it may not be, if the revenue raised is spent in a progressive manner. But even if the beneficiaries of public spending are the poor, the net effect may not be pro-poor, if the spending is financed by a highly regressive tax. One reason that combined incidence studies are so rare: they require detailed data on both taxation and public spending. Most analysts consider themselves lucky if they have data on either. Devarajan and Hossain show that the net incidence of fiscal policy in a country with average data -- the Philippines -- can be estimated using a variety of data sources and tools, using simplifying assumptions. For 20 years, the Philippine economy has experienced a series of balance of payments crises triggered by fiscal crises. It has had an unsatisfactory record of poverty alleviation. As the government tries to maintain fiscal discipline by raising taxes and cutting spending, how will poverty be affected? Devarajan and Hossain examine net fiscal incidence to find out. Their findings: * The incidence pattern of taxes is basically neutral. Contrary to expectations, indirect taxes are only slightly regressive. The poor consume taxed goods such as energy directly, but the rich consume them indirectly by purchasing goods the production of which requires energy and other taxed goods. * It is the pattern of expenditures that drives the combined incidence, which is progressive. This paper -- a product of the Public Economics Division, Policy Research Department -- is a revised version of Chapter 15 of the World Bank report, The Philippines: An Opening for Sustained Growth.
Author: Philip R. Gerson
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Book Description
This paper examines the impact of fiscal and other economic policies on income distribution in the Philippines. Section II of the paper provides some details on the evolution of the distribution of income over time, and reviews some demographic information about families and individuals in the lower third of the distribution. Section III discusses some of the ways that past fiscal and macroeconomic policies have affected the distribution of income over time, as well as other characteristics of the economy that have tended to perpetuate the relatively uneven distribution of income in the Philippines. It, then, discusses some recent policy initiatives intended in part to improve the distribution of income. Section IV looks at how the distribution of income may have affected the formation of economic policy, paying particular attention to the role of oligarchies. Section V concludes.
Author: Amelia B. Abello
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Philippines
Languages : en
Pages : 90
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Book Description
Author: Jesus P. Estanislao
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Finance, Public
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Book Description
Author: Kevin Fletcher
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Book Description
Public sector revenue has declined markedly in the Philippines over the past seven years. Most observers of the Philippine economy agree that rebuilding public sector revenue will be critical to reducing deficits and ensuring public sector debt sustainability. This paper reviews several of the main possibilities for raising public sector revenue, including increases in excise, VAT, and electricity rates. It argues that most of these proposals would raise revenue in a relatively efficient manner. Using household-level expenditure data, it also finds that most of these measures would be progressive, especially if they allow the government to avoid cuts in pro-poor spending.
Author: Gabriela Inchauste
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464810923
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 402
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Book Description
The World Bank has partnered with the Commitment to Equity Institute at Tulane University to implement their diagnostic tool—the Commitment to Equity (CEQ) Assessment—designed to assess how taxation and public expenditures affect income inequality, poverty, and different economic groups. The approach relies on comprehensive fiscal incidence analysis, which measures the contribution of each individual intervention to poverty and inequality reduction as well as the combined impact of taxes and social spending. The CEQ Assessment provide an evidence base upon which alternative reform options can be analyzed. The use of a common methodology makes the results comparable across countries. This volume presents eight country studies that examine the distributional effects of individual programs and policy measures—and the net effect of each country’s mix of policies and programs. These case studies were produced in the context of Bank policy dialogue and have since been used to propose alternative reform options.
