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Author: Heidi D. Nelson
Publisher: LWW
ISBN: 9781451187717
Category : Medical care
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
"Systematic Evidence Reviews to Answer Health Care Questions provides accessible, concise information about the state-of-the-art methods of systematic review, from key question formulation and selecting evidence to assessing the quality of included studies and reporting results. Key topics are organized around essential steps in conducting reviews as well as important issues or dilemmas encountered during the process. Although the state-of-the-art methods serve as core material, the book also presents different approaches that are sometimes needed when basic rules do not apply. Its perspective is practical and patient-centered. The book incorporates information from sources representing standards in the field, as well as from teaching and training materials developed at the Oregon Evidence-based Practice Center. Examples from existing projects are used to illustrate specific issues throughout the book. Medical practice guidelines, health care policies, and insurance coverage decisions are increasingly informed by evidence from clinical trials and other research of the benefits, harms, and comparisons of treatments, tests, and procedures. Systematic reviews provide a scientific approach to collecting and synthesizing biomedical information to answer questions that are essential to developing these guidelines and policies. However, standards for conducting systematic reviews have been lacking, and translation of evidence to practice has often been derailed when researchers hand off their systematic reviews to users who are unfamiliar with how to effectively use them. Several types of systematic reviews have evolved depending on the scope and goals of the review, such as technology assessments, comparative effectiveness reviews, and state-of-the-science reviews, for example. Although the different types of systematic reviews have much in common, they also vary in important ways. Each review requires methods appropriate to the specific clinical and health care questions it addresses, its scope, and the existing body of research. For example, a comparative effectiveness review of two or more medications previously studied in several high-quality randomized controlled trials would most likely use methods of statistical meta-analysis to pool trials to compare medications. In contrast, a state-of-the-science review to determine if specific symptoms are related to a health condition would qualitatively synthesize results of observational studies. As with all research, investigators are confronted with many decisions during the course of conducting a systematic evidence review. While investigators need to embrace the standards and accepted methodology of the discipline, they must also approach each question as unique in order to achieve meaningful results."--Provided by publisher.
Author: Heidi D. Nelson
Publisher: LWW
ISBN: 9781451187717
Category : Medical care
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
"Systematic Evidence Reviews to Answer Health Care Questions provides accessible, concise information about the state-of-the-art methods of systematic review, from key question formulation and selecting evidence to assessing the quality of included studies and reporting results. Key topics are organized around essential steps in conducting reviews as well as important issues or dilemmas encountered during the process. Although the state-of-the-art methods serve as core material, the book also presents different approaches that are sometimes needed when basic rules do not apply. Its perspective is practical and patient-centered. The book incorporates information from sources representing standards in the field, as well as from teaching and training materials developed at the Oregon Evidence-based Practice Center. Examples from existing projects are used to illustrate specific issues throughout the book. Medical practice guidelines, health care policies, and insurance coverage decisions are increasingly informed by evidence from clinical trials and other research of the benefits, harms, and comparisons of treatments, tests, and procedures. Systematic reviews provide a scientific approach to collecting and synthesizing biomedical information to answer questions that are essential to developing these guidelines and policies. However, standards for conducting systematic reviews have been lacking, and translation of evidence to practice has often been derailed when researchers hand off their systematic reviews to users who are unfamiliar with how to effectively use them. Several types of systematic reviews have evolved depending on the scope and goals of the review, such as technology assessments, comparative effectiveness reviews, and state-of-the-science reviews, for example. Although the different types of systematic reviews have much in common, they also vary in important ways. Each review requires methods appropriate to the specific clinical and health care questions it addresses, its scope, and the existing body of research. For example, a comparative effectiveness review of two or more medications previously studied in several high-quality randomized controlled trials would most likely use methods of statistical meta-analysis to pool trials to compare medications. In contrast, a state-of-the-science review to determine if specific symptoms are related to a health condition would qualitatively synthesize results of observational studies. As with all research, investigators are confronted with many decisions during the course of conducting a systematic evidence review. While investigators need to embrace the standards and accepted methodology of the discipline, they must also approach each question as unique in order to achieve meaningful results."--Provided by publisher.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309164257
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 267
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Book Description
Healthcare decision makers in search of reliable information that compares health interventions increasingly turn to systematic reviews for the best summary of the evidence. Systematic reviews identify, select, assess, and synthesize the findings of similar but separate studies, and can help clarify what is known and not known about the potential benefits and harms of drugs, devices, and other healthcare services. Systematic reviews can be helpful for clinicians who want to integrate research findings into their daily practices, for patients to make well-informed choices about their own care, for professional medical societies and other organizations that develop clinical practice guidelines. Too often systematic reviews are of uncertain or poor quality. There are no universally accepted standards for developing systematic reviews leading to variability in how conflicts of interest and biases are handled, how evidence is appraised, and the overall scientific rigor of the process. In Finding What Works in Health Care the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommends 21 standards for developing high-quality systematic reviews of comparative effectiveness research. The standards address the entire systematic review process from the initial steps of formulating the topic and building the review team to producing a detailed final report that synthesizes what the evidence shows and where knowledge gaps remain. Finding What Works in Health Care also proposes a framework for improving the quality of the science underpinning systematic reviews. This book will serve as a vital resource for both sponsors and producers of systematic reviews of comparative effectiveness research.
Author: Heidi D. Nelson
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN: 1469885468
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 448
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Book Description
Systematic Evidence Reviews to Answer Health Care Questions is your most effective, A-to-Z guide to conducting thorough, comprehensive systematic reviews. By breaking down topics and essential steps, this volume teaches you how to form key questions, select evidence, and perform illuminating review not just in predictable circumstances, but when basic rules don’t apply—honing your ability to think critically and solve problems. You’ll learn how to define a review’s purpose and scope, develop research questions, build a team, and even manage your project to maximize efficacy. If you’re looking to refine your approach to systematic reviews, don’t just catalog and collect; use this powerful text to evaluate, synthesize, and deliver results that will help shape the health care industry. FEATURES Presented in standard format throughout to allow for more practical, easy to read approach Provides useful instruction on how to conduct a high-quality systematic review that meets the recent standards of the Institute of Medicine Accessible, concise information about the state-of-the-art methods of systematic review, from key question formulation to assessing the quality of included studies and reporting results Illustrated throughout with real-world examples from systematic reviews that have been used to inform practice guidelines and health policy
Author: Matthias Egger
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1405160500
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 612
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Book Description
Systematic Reviews in Health Research Explore the cutting-edge of systematic reviews in healthcare In this Third Edition of the classic Systematic Reviews textbook, now titled Systematic Reviews in Health Research, a team of distinguished researchers deliver a comprehensive and authoritative guide to the rapidly evolving area of systematic reviews and meta-analysis. The book demonstrates why systematic reviews—when conducted properly—provide the highest quality evidence on clinical and public health interventions and shows how they contribute to inference in many other contexts. The new edition reflects the broad role of systematic reviews, including: Twelve new chapters, covering additional study designs, methods and software, for example, on genetic association studies, prediction models, prevalence studies, network and dose-response meta-analysis Thorough update of 15 chapters focusing on systematic reviews of interventions Access to a companion website offering supplementary materials and practical exercises (www.systematic-reviews3.org) A key text for health researchers, Systematic Reviews in Health Research is also an indispensable resource for practitioners, students, and instructors in the health sciences needing to understand research synthesis.
Author: Imogen Evans
Publisher: Pinter & Martin Publishers
ISBN: 1905177488
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 187
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Book Description
This work provides a thought-provoking account of how medical treatments can be tested with unbiased or 'fair' trials and explains how patients can work with doctors to achieve this vital goal. It spans the gamut of therapy from mastectomy to thalidomide and explores a vast range of case studies.
Author: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services
Publisher: Createspace Independent Pub
ISBN: 9781483944296
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 70
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Book Description
The identification of gaps from systematic reviews is essential to the practice of ''evidence-based research.'' Health care research should begin and end with a systematic review. A comprehensive and explicit consideration of the existing evidence is necessary for the identification and development of an unanswered and answerable question, for the design of a study most likely to answer that question, and for the interpretation of the results of the study. In a systematic review, the consideration of existing evidence often highlights important areas where deficiencies in information limit our ability to make decisions. We define a research gap as a topic or area for which missing or inadequate information limits the ability of reviewers to reach a conclusion for a given question. A research gap may be further developed, such as through stakeholder engagement in prioritization, into research needs. Research needs are those areas where the gaps in the evidence limit decision making by patients, clinicians, and policy makers. A research gap may not be a research need if filling the gap would not be of use to stakeholders that make decisions in health care. The clear and explicit identification of research gaps is a necessary step in developing a research agenda. Evidence reports produced by Evidence-based Practice Centers (EPCs) have always included a future research section. However, in contrast to the explicit and transparent steps taken in the completion of a systematic review, there has not been a systematic process for the identification of research gaps. We developed a framework to systematically identify research gaps from systematic reviews. This framework facilitates the classification of where the current evidence falls short and why the evidence falls short. The framework included two elements: (1) the characterization the gaps and (2) the identification and classification of the reason(s) for the research gap. The PICOS structure (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome and Setting) was used in this framework to describe questions or parts of questions inadequately addressed by the evidence synthesized in the systematic review. The issue of timing, sometimes included as PICOTS, was considered separately for Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome. The PICOS elements were the only sort of framework we had identified in an audit of existing methods for the identification of gaps used by EPCs and other related organizations (i.e., health technology assessment organizations). We chose to use this structure as it is one familiar to EPCs, and others, in developing questions. It is not only important to identify research gaps but also to determine how the evidence falls short, in order to maximally inform researchers, policy makers, and funders on the types of questions that need to be addressed and the types of studies needed to address these questions. Thus, the second element of the framework was the classification of the reasons for the existence of a research gap. For each research gap, the reason(s) that most preclude conclusions from being made in the systematic review is chosen by the review team completing the framework. To leverage work already being completed by review teams, we mapped the reasons for research gaps to concepts from commonly used evidence grading systems. Our objective in this project was to complete two types of further evaluation: (1) application of the framework across a larger sample of existing systematic reviews in different topic areas, and (2) implementation of the framework by EPCs. These two objectives were used to evaluate the framework and instructions for usability and to evaluate the application of the framework by others, outside of our EPC, including as part of the process of completing an EPC report. Our overall goal was to produce a revised framework with guidance that could be used by EPCs to explicitly identify research gaps from systematic reviews.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781900640473
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 281
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Book Description
For adults. There is a pressing need for methodologically sound RCTs to confirm whether such interventions are helpful and, if so, for whom.
Author: Cheryl Holly, EdD, RN, ANEF, FNAP
Publisher: Springer Publishing Company
ISBN: 0826131867
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 500
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Book Description
First Edition a 2013 Doody’s Core Title and AJN Book of the Year Award Winner! This text provides top-tier guidance for DNP students, graduate faculty, APRNs and other healthcare providers on how to use available research for improving patient outcomes and reducing costs. It is the only resource written expressly to meet the objectives of DNP courses. This second edition is completely updated and features three new approaches—umbrella reviews, mixed method reviews, and other types of reviews--for seeking, synthesizing, and interpreting available evidence to improve the delivery of patient care. The text also includes two new examples of completed systematic reviews and two completed proposals. The book presents, clearly and comprehensively, the knowledge and skills necessary to conduct a foundational comprehensive systematic review (CSR). It encompasses the complexities of the entire process, from asking clinical questions to getting the evidence into practice. The text includes question-specific methods and analysis and compares CSR methods, literature reviews, integrated reviews, and meta-studies. It describes how to find and appraise relevant studies, including the non-published “grey” literature and criteria for selecting or excluding studies, and describes how to use the results in practice. Also examined are ways to disemminate findings to benefit clinical practice and support best practices, and how to write a CSR proposal, final report and a policy brief based on systematic review findings. Plentiful examples, including two completed proposals and two completed systematic reviews, demonstrate every step of the process. An expanded resource chapter that can serve as a toolkit for conducting a systematic review is also provided. The text also covers useful software and includes objectives, summary points, end-of-chapter exercises, suggested readings and references. New to the Second Edition: • Three new chapters presenting new systematic review approaches: umbrella reviews, mixed method reviews, and other types of reviews including rapid and scoping reviews and reviews of text and opinoin • Two new examples of completed systematic reviews • Completely updated content throughout • Detailed information to foster systematic review research question development, efficient literature searches, and management of references Key Features: • Delivers the knowledge and skills necessary to conduct a CSR from start to finish • Serves as the only CSR resource written expressly for the advanced practice nurse • Describes useful software for conducting a systematic review • Provides rich examples including two completed CSRs • Includes objectives, summary points, end-of-chapter exercises, suggested readings and references • Provides a comprehensive toolkit of resources to complete a systematic review
Author: Julian P. T. Higgins
Publisher: Wiley
ISBN: 9780470699515
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 672
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Book Description
Healthcare providers, consumers, researchers and policy makers are inundated with unmanageable amounts of information, including evidence from healthcare research. It has become impossible for all to have the time and resources to find, appraise and interpret this evidence and incorporate it into healthcare decisions. Cochrane Reviews respond to this challenge by identifying, appraising and synthesizing research-based evidence and presenting it in a standardized format, published in The Cochrane Library (www.thecochranelibrary.com). The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions contains methodological guidance for the preparation and maintenance of Cochrane intervention reviews. Written in a clear and accessible format, it is the essential manual for all those preparing, maintaining and reading Cochrane reviews. Many of the principles and methods described here are appropriate for systematic reviews applied to other types of research and to systematic reviews of interventions undertaken by others. It is hoped therefore that this book will be invaluable to all those who want to understand the role of systematic reviews, critically appraise published reviews or perform reviews themselves.
Author: David Gough
Publisher: SAGE
ISBN: 1446289362
Category : Literary Criticism
Languages : en
Pages : 382
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Book Description
This timely, engaging book provides an overview of the nature, logic, diversity and process of undertaking systematic reviews as part of evidence informed decision making. A focused, accessible and technically up-to-date book, it covers the full breadth of approaches to reviews from statistical meta analysis to meta ethnography. It is ideal for anyone undertaking their own systematic review - providing all the necessary conceptual and technical background needed to make a good start on the process. The content is divided into five clear sections: • Approaches to reviewing • Getting started • Gathering and describing research • Appraising and synthesising data • Making use of reviews/models of research use. Easy to read and logically structured, this book is essential reading for anyone doing systematic reviews. David Gough is Professor of Evidence Informed Policy and Practice and Director of SSRU and its EPPI-Centre and Co-Editor of the journal Evidence & Policy. Sandy Oliver is Professor of Public Policy and Deputy Director of SSRU and its EPPI-Centre. James Thomas is Reader in Social Policy, Assistant Director of SSRU and Associate Direcctor of the EPPI-Centre.
