Synthesis of Electrically Conductive Polymer/inorganic Composites Ĩn-situ Oxidative Polymerization/intercalation of Conducting Polymers in Layered Hosts PDF Download
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Author: Chun-Guey Wu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Conducting polymers
Languages : en
Pages : 692
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Book Description
Author: Chun-Guey Wu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Conducting polymers
Languages : en
Pages : 692
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Book Description
Author: Veronica Livingstone
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Metallic composites
Languages : en
Pages : 178
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Book Description
Composites containing an inorganic material and conductive polymer have a wide range of material applications, specifically in electronics, sensors, membranes, and batteries. With increasing demand for these applications there is a pressing need for improved materials achieved by synthetic methods capable of creating a homogeneous and tunable product. Creating a composite can improve the properties of the individual constituents while enabling the selection and tunability of specific properties of the system such as conductivity, thermal stability, morphology and processability. These properties can be altered by the selection of composite components, the ratio of matrix to filler, and the method of composite synthesis. The most prevalent method to make composites is using a multistep process in which the polymer and inorganic components are synthesized or modified separately and then combined (ex-situ). Although this method allows for careful optimization of each individual component, this process is not economical or efficient, and it can decrease the homogeneity of the composite. Another common method for composite synthesis is an in-situ method in which one material is preformed and the secondary material is formed in the presence of this preformed component. This method can improve some of the shortcomings of an ex-situ method but may still encounter fundamental limitations with respect to homogeneity, cost, efficiency, and performance. To overcome these deficiencies, a synthetic approach that possesses high atom efficiency, low cost, and creates a homogeneous product is required. The work in this dissertation develops a one-pot in-situ method to form composites. It is vital to the success of this method that the formation of both phases can be achieved under compatible conditions, therefore, significant study on the individual formation of each component was carried out first. These phases will be combined under compatible conditions to form a homogeneous product. The specific conductive polymers investigated in this research for use in composites are poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and polypyrrole (ppy). P3HT is widely considered as a benchmark material to study the effect of various fillers or synthetic methods in electronic and photovoltaic applications. Ppy has become a primary conductive polymer of interest due to its high electrical conductivity, chemical and thermal stability, cost, and environmental friendliness and is used in a wide variety of applications, including membranes, sensors, coatings, wires, and polymeric batteries. Although there is an overlap in applications between the two polymers, the necessary synthetic methods are very different, as P3HT requires a non-aqueous environment and ppy synthesis can be completely performed in aqueous media. To compensate for the shortcomings of the polymer system and to improve the properties of the material, transition metal oxides can be used as the inorganic filler. Vanadium oxide synthesis was independently investigated for use in P3HT composites using the non-hydrolytic sol-gel method (NHSG). This method allows low temperature crystallization of metal oxides under compatible conditions with the P3HT polymerization process. V2O5 was successfully crystallized using NHSG synthesis after heat treatment to 200 to 250 °C. This process involved the optimization of precursor, oxygen source, concentration, reaction time, and ratio of O:V to obtain consistent results. Based on previous P3HT syntheses in the Lind lab and comprehensive synthetic conditions established for V2O5, conditions for a one-pot in-situ synthesis were selected. Two series of composites were synthesized with different solvent systems (chloroform and an 18:2 v:v mixture of dichloromethane:nitrobenzene) as these systems showed improved molecular weights and high percent yields compared to other solvent systems for P3HT formation. Composites were formed by polymerizing 3HT using FeCl3 as the oxidizing agent while simultaneously reacting vanadium oxide precursors (VCl3 and VOCl3) with diisopropyl ether. P3HT/V2O5 composites were successfully synthesized by this method when VCl3 was the precursor. Most composites resulted in a product with improved conductivity and thermal stability compared to pure P3HT. Molybdenum and tungsten oxides have drawn particular interest for similar reasons to ppy. These metal oxides appeal since they are inexpensive, electrochemically active, easy to synthesize, relatively non-toxic, and environmentally friendly. In addition, both metal oxides can be crystallized at low temperatures, making them a good target for use in aqueous synthesis for polypyrrole composites. By studying these metal oxides, a range of amenable reaction conditions were developed for use in composites via a polycondensation reaction. It was determined that the synthesis of WO3 would have a synergistic relationship with polypyrrole formation without any additional adjustments to pH, while MoO3 required slightly lower pH values to crystallize. Pure polypyrrole synthesis was optimized prior to use in a composite. Ammonium persulfate served as the oxidizing agent to polymerize the pyrrole. Initial studies established that a 1:1 ratio of monomer:oxidizing agent at a concentration of 0.175 M produced high conductivities and optimal yields, therefore these conditions were applied to composite synthesis. Composites with ppy/MoO3 and ppy/WO3 were successfully synthesized in aqueous media using a one-pot in-situ method with various weight loadings between 1 and 50%. These composites were designed to improve or maintain the electrical and thermal properties of the individual components, while increasing or improving the potential use in various applications. For ppy/MoO3 composites most weight loadings gave conductivities similar to pure polypyrrole synthesized by the previously developed method. Compared to ppy/MoO3 composites in literature, the majority of composites developed by this method possessed superior conductivities. Furthermore, the presence of MoO3 increased thermal stability of the polymer. For ppy/WO3 composites conductivities were equal to pure polypyrrole at low weight loadings but thermal stability did not improve until weight loadings above 33.7%. The conductivities at low weight loadings were similar to literature results for higher WO3 loadings and were achievable through simpler synthetic means. By using chemical methods that are highly scalable and have markedly improved or similar performance, future work involving the implementation of these materials in devices is possible.
Author: Syed Shahabuddin
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030620905
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 349
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Book Description
This book presents synthesis methods, characterization techniques, properties and applications of hybrid conducting polymers. Special emphasis is given to the applications of hybrid conductive polymers, with chapters ranging from electronic devices, environmental remediation, and sensors, to medical applications.
Author: Ronald H. Baney
Publisher: Mrs Proceedings
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 208
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Book Description
The MRS Symposium Proceeding series is an internationally recognised reference suitable for researchers and practitioners.
Author: Bluma Guenther Soares
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889660354
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 131
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Book Description
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Author: Anish Khan
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783527807918
Category : SCIENCE
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
"A comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the latest research trends in conductive polymers and polymer hybrids, summarizing recent achievements. The book begins by introducing conductive polymer materials and their classification, while subsequent chapters discuss the various syntheses, resulting properties and up-scaling as well as the important applications in biomedical and biotechnological fields, including biosensors and biodevices. The whole is rounded off by a look at future technological advances. The result is a well-structured, essential reference for beginners as well as experienced researchers."--
Author: Yanmin Wang
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811953635
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 351
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Book Description
This book provides a comprehensive overview on the recent significant advancements of conductive polymers and their composites in terms of conductive mechanism, fabrication strategies, important properties, and various promising applications. The corresponding knowledge was systematically compiled in the logical order and demonstrated as seven chapters. The special structure, influencing factors of the conductivity, the charge carrier transport model, the wettability and classical categories of the conductive polymers are narrated. Both conventional and novel strategies undertaken to fabricate the conductive polymers are introduced, as provided the overall master of the progress. In comparison with the bulk counterpart, nanostructured conductive polymers with different dimensions such as nanospheres, nano-networks, nanotubes and nanowire arrays are produced through distinct methods, thus presenting unique and distinct performance endowed by the nanometer scale. The combination of conductive polymers with other functional materials results in a number of the composites with improved properties by synergistic effect. The superior performance of conductive polymers and their composites greatly facilitates their development toward various important applications in the advanced and sophisticated fields such as biological utilization, energy storage and sensors. Due to their excellent biocompatibility, conductive polymers and their composites stand out to be useful in the biological field including tissue engineering, drug delivery and artificial muscle. To meet the urgent demand of the energy storage, conductive polymers and their composites play an important role in the devices including supercapacitors, solar cells and fuel cells. Finally, development of conductive polymers and their composites in the modern industry is greatly enhanced by their applications in smart sensors such as conductometric sensors, gravimetric sensors, optical sensors, chemical sensors and biosensors. This book has significant value for researchers, graduate students, and engineers carrying out the fundamental research or industrial production of conductive polymers and their composites.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 860
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Book Description
Author: Yitzhak Mastai
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 953511140X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 563
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Book Description
Today modern materials science is a vibrant, emerging scientific discipline at the forefront of physics, chemistry, engineering, biology and medicine, and is becoming increasingly international in scope as demonstrated by emerging international and intercontinental collaborations and exchanges. The overall purpose of this book is to provide timely and in-depth coverage of selected advanced topics in materials science. Divided into five sections, this book provides the latest research developments in many aspects of materials science. This book is of interest to both fundamental research and also to practicing scientists and will prove invaluable to all chemical engineers, industrial chemists and students in industry and academia.
Author: Lichen Xiang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Layer structure (Solids)
Languages : en
Pages : 186
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Book Description
Layered materials, such as layered silicates, layered phosphates, layered double hydroxides, and metal chalcogenides, have attracted highresearch interest in the past few decades. Layered materials have been widely used in our daily life, such as batteries, catalysts, medical devices, waste treatment, and lubricants. A wide range of chemicals, including small molecules, oligomers, polymers, biomolecules, and ions, have been intercalated into layered materials for new or enhanced properties. Various approaches have been developed to achieve intercalation were reviewed in this thesis. Nanostructured organic-inorganic hybrid materials, including polymer nanocomposites, layer-by-layer assembled thin films, have been extensively investigated over the past two decades and have found wide applications owing to their excellent performance. Either regular polymer nanocomposites or layer-by-layer assembled thin films are typically prepared using pre-synthesized nanofillers/nanoplatelets. Here, we report a new approach to prepare nanostructured hybrid materials via in situ synthesis of nanoplatelets within the polymer/monomer matrix. Alpha-zirconium phosphate (ZrP) was synthesized in a solution system containing a polymer (such as polyethylene glycol, PEG) or monomer (such as acrylamide). In the case of polymer in situ synthesis, during the synthesis of ZrP, PEG chains were embedded into the ZrP interlayer space, leading to a larger interlayer distance, which is similar to the intercalated layered compound. Proper formulation ratio proved to be critical to avoid forming pristine ZrP, and avoid interfering the growth of the layered structure of ZrP. It has also been found that longer polymer chains are desirable for minimizing the formation of pristine ZrP, but would not affect the interlayer distance. All the PEG chains are perfectly parallel to the layer planes. Besides polymers, monomer molecules (such as acrylamide) have also been successfully embedded into the interlayer space to form an intercalated structure during in situ synthesis. The monomer molecules were further polymerized in the ZrP layer galleries. As a result, the inorganic/organic hybrid intercalation compound was synthesized without pre-form either layered host materials or guest species.
