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Author: Roger Saint-Fort
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Soil contaminated with ubiquitous hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) is a worldwide recurring concern arising from their indiscriminate disposal, improper management, and accidental spills. A wide range of traditional remedial strategies have been the common practice. However, these treatment methods have become cost prohibitive, not environmental friendly, and less accepted by society. Surfactant-enhanced remediation technology represents a cost-effective and green technology alternative to remediate such contaminated sites. Surfactant remediation technologies are conducted in-situ or ex-situ as two broad categories, or in combination. Among these technologies are soil flushing, washing, phytoremediation, and bioremediation. More applied research continues to quantify the efficiency of surfactant-enhanced mass transfer phase using a single surfactant solution while their binary blends to remove mixed HOCs in soils are also a focus of interest for research. There is a great potential to develop novel synthetic and biosurfactants that will exhibit higher biodegradability, less toxicity, higher removal efficiency, more economical and more recyclable. This work thus provides a review of the applications and importance of surfactant-enhanced remediation of soil contaminated with HOCs. Relevant environmental factors, soil properties, surfactant chemistry, mechanisms, mass transfer phase, and field designs are summarized and discussed with purposes of providing greater context and understanding of surfactant-enhanced remediation systems.
Author: Roger Saint-Fort
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Soil contaminated with ubiquitous hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) is a worldwide recurring concern arising from their indiscriminate disposal, improper management, and accidental spills. A wide range of traditional remedial strategies have been the common practice. However, these treatment methods have become cost prohibitive, not environmental friendly, and less accepted by society. Surfactant-enhanced remediation technology represents a cost-effective and green technology alternative to remediate such contaminated sites. Surfactant remediation technologies are conducted in-situ or ex-situ as two broad categories, or in combination. Among these technologies are soil flushing, washing, phytoremediation, and bioremediation. More applied research continues to quantify the efficiency of surfactant-enhanced mass transfer phase using a single surfactant solution while their binary blends to remove mixed HOCs in soils are also a focus of interest for research. There is a great potential to develop novel synthetic and biosurfactants that will exhibit higher biodegradability, less toxicity, higher removal efficiency, more economical and more recyclable. This work thus provides a review of the applications and importance of surfactant-enhanced remediation of soil contaminated with HOCs. Relevant environmental factors, soil properties, surfactant chemistry, mechanisms, mass transfer phase, and field designs are summarized and discussed with purposes of providing greater context and understanding of surfactant-enhanced remediation systems.
Author: Marcelo Larramendy
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535128159
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 358
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Book Description
This edited book, Soil Contamination - Current Consequences and Further Solutions, is intended to provide an overview on the different environmental consequences of our anthropogenic activities, which has introduced a large number of xenobiotics that the soil cannot, or can only slower, decompose or degrade. We hope that this book will continue to meet the expectations and needs of all interested in diverse fields with expertise in soil science, health, toxicology, and other disciplines who contribute and share their findings to take this area forward for future investigations.
Author: Ramkrishna Sen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441959793
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 356
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Book Description
The microbial world has given us many surprises including microbes that grow under extremely harsh conditions (122C at 40 MPa), novel metabolisms such as the uranium and perchlorate reduction, and novel chemicals that can be used to control diseases. We continually face new and difficult problems such as the need to transition to more carbon-neutral energy sources and to find eco-friendly chemicals and to find new drugs to treat disease. Will it be possible to tap into the seemingly limitless potential of microbial activity to solve our current and future problems?The answer to this question is probably yes. We are already looking to the microbial world to provide new energy sources, green chemicals to replace those made from petroleum, and new drugs to fight disease. To help us along these paths, we are deciphering how microorganisms interact with each other. We know that microbial populations interact and communicate with each other. The language that microbes use is chemical where small molecules are exchanged among different microbial cells. Sometimes, these chemicals suppress activities of competitors and could be used as antibiotics or may have other therapeutic uses. Other times, the chemicals stimulate complex responses in microbial populations such as fruiting body or biofilm formation. By understanding the conversation that microbes are having among themselves, e. g.
Author: Fuzhen Liu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Soil contaminated by petroleum-hydrocarbons is a serious environmental problem since it is toxic to agriculture and human. And the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in petroleum-hydrocarbons possess carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, mutagenicity, low volatility and poor solubility properties. Moreover, PAHs are persistent in soil and difficult to be degraded. Hence, effective methods are essential to remedy soil contaminated by petroleum-hydrocarbons and particularly the PAHs. Among various remediation methods, soil washing (SW) combined with surfactant is a promising techniques since it is an economical and effective approach. This technology promotes the transformation of contaminants from soil to aqueous solution, which is especially applied for heavily contaminated soil. However, a soil washing solution highly loaded with surfactant and contaminants is produced. Therefore, effective treatment of soil washing solution is a challenge for promoting the application of surfactants and the remediation of contaminated soil. The combination of soil washing process and electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) constitutes an effective technique for the treatment of soil washing solution. In this paper, Tween 80 was applied as surfactant during soil washing process. The lipophilic part of Tween 80 tends to contaminants or soil particles and the hydrophilic part has tendency to the aqueous phase. Thus, Tween 80 promotes the transformation of hydrophobic organic contaminants from soil to aqueous phase. Then the soil washing solution highly loaded with contaminants and surfactant was treated by EAOPs, processes based on the generation of strong oxidant species such as hydroxyl radicals (•OH), sulfate radicals (SO4•-) and active chlorine (•Cl), are one of the most efficient methods for degrading refractory organic pollutants in soil washing solution. The effect of EAOPs including electro-oxidation (EO), electro-Fenton (EF), sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) was investigated in the degradation of petroleum-hydrocarbons. Besides, a potential advanced oxidation process including the presence of chlorine s was applied for treating soil washing solution which contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Tween 80.
Author: Özlem Zenginyürek
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 170
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Book Description
Pesticides have played a significant role in increasing food production, and in view of growing worldwide food demand. Nevertheless; some of them have been classified as persistent toxic chemicals. This has resulted in serious concern about environmental contamination. Once a pesticide or toxic chemical find its way in the environment, a major part of it comes in contact with soil. There are several possible sources of pesticide contamination; at manufacturing, storage, or user sites. The most serious examples of pesticide contamination are typically the result of poor production and waste management practices of pesticide manufacturing, formulation, and application facilities. Improper storage, handling, and also have resulted in pesticide contamination at these sites and at landfills. Today, many remediation technologies are used to remove the pesticides from the soil. One of the soil treatment methods is enhanced biodegradation. Bioremediation of the soil has often proven to be a cheap solution for contaminated soil problem. This research was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of biologically produced surfactants (biosurfactants) on the biodegradation of pesticide-contaminated soil and evaluate the potential for biosurfactant-enhanced bioavailability of pesticide in soil. In order to determine the effectiveness of biosurfactants on pesticides, sophorolipid and rhamnolipid type biosurfactants were used. These biosurfactants were chosen since they are well characterized and their stimulating effect on the biodegradation of hydrophobic substrates was described in the literature. In this study, endosulfan and trifluralin were selected as pesticides. The study was performed in two stages in laboratory conditions. In the first part of the experiment, degradation of endosulfan-contaminated soil was studied by the presence of sophorolipid and in the second part of the experiment; rhamnolipid (JBR 425) was used on the removal of trifluralin-contaminated soil. Throughout the experiment, three different concentrations of sophorolipid and rhamnolipid were applied to soil which, are 0.98, 9.75 and 195 ppm for sophorolipid and 1.6, 100 and 1000 ppm for rhamnolipid. The effectiveness of synthetic or microbial surfactants on biodegradation of chemicals has been investigated by many researchers. However, studies about the biosurfactant enhanced soil remediation for the pesticide contaminants are limited. Besides that, the outcome of surfactant applications has been highly system-specific, conflicting results reported in the literature. Therefore, despite the general trends outlined in literature, the effect of biosurfactants on the biodegradation of organic compounds is poorly understood. Opposed effects are frequently observed. This study is the first M.Sc. thesis study about the use of biosurfactant enhanced bioremediation of pesticides in Turkey. The results from first part of our study obtained from sophorolipid, were not satisfactory since the degradation patterns for endosulfan were not affected by the presence of sophorolipid. According to the second experiment results, removal of trifluralin ranged from 24-35 %, with the increase in rhamnolipid concentrations. Addition of rhamnolipid (JBR 425) into the soil was found to increase the degradation rate of trifluralin by 13 % as compared to the control soil column. Additional time would probably increase the rate of degradation and bioavailability, as a result of providing the adaptation of microorganisms in contaminated soil media and formation of more bioavailable metabolites.
Author: Ashim Dutta
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1839628960
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 166
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Book Description
Surfactants are ubiquitous and have applications in diverse areas, including food, cosmetics, detergents, lubricants, enhanced oil recovery (EOR), and targeted drug delivery systems. Their wide diversity of applications owes to their unique structure, namely, a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic group present in the same molecule. Although most surfactants used industrially are synthetic, there is a growing need for natural surfactants, as the latter is obtainable from renewable sources and are less toxic and highly biodegradable in contrast to their synthetic counterparts. This book is a compilation of interesting articles by various experts that cover various applications of both synthetic and natural surfactants.
Author: M. A. Rodrigo
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030681408
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 569
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Book Description
This book provides an overview of the current development status of remediation technologies involving electrochemical processes, which are used to clean up soils that are contaminated with different types of contaminants (organics, inorganics, metalloids and radioactive). Written by internationally recognized experts, it comprises 21 chapters describing the characteristics and theoretical foundations of various electrochemical applications of soil remediation. The book’s opening section discusses the fundamental properties and characteristics of the soil, which are essential to understand the processes that can most effectively remove organic and inorganic compounds. This part also focuses on the primary processes that contribute to the application of electrochemically assisted remediation, hydrodynamic aspects and kinetics of contaminants in the soil. It also reviews the techniques that have been developed for the treatment of contaminated soils using electrochemistry, and discusses different strategies used to enhance performance, the type of electrode and electrolyte, and the most important operating conditions. In turn, the book’s second part deals with practical applications of technologies related to the separation of pollutants from soil. Special emphasis is given to the characteristics of these technologies regarding transport of the contaminants and soil toxicity after treatment. The third part is dedicated to new technologies, including electrokinetic remediation and hybrid approaches, for the treatment of emerging contaminants by ex-situ and in-situ production of strong oxidant species used for soil remediation. It also discusses pre-pilot scale for soil treatment and the use of solar photovoltaic panels as an energy source for powering electrochemical systems, which can reduce both the investment and maintenance costs of electrochemically assisted processes.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309086256
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 433
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Book Description
Bioavailability refers to the extent to which humans and ecological receptors are exposed to contaminants in soil or sediment. The concept of bioavailability has recently piqued the interest of the hazardous waste industry as an important consideration in deciding how much waste to clean up. The rationale is that if contaminants in soil and sediment are not bioavailable, then more contaminant mass can be left in place without creating additional risk. A new NRC report notes that the potential for the consideration of bioavailability to influence decision-making is greatest where certain chemical, environmental, and regulatory factors align. The current use of bioavailability in risk assessment and hazardous waste cleanup regulations is demystified, and acceptable tools and models for bioavailability assessment are discussed and ranked according to seven criteria. Finally, the intimate link between bioavailability and bioremediation is explored. The report concludes with suggestions for moving bioavailability forward in the regulatory arena for both soil and sediment cleanup.
Author: Robert L. Siegrist
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441978267
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 715
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Book Description
This volume provides comprehensive up-to-date descriptions of the principles and practices of in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) for groundwater remediation based on a decade of intensive research, development, and demonstrations, and lessons learned from commercial field applications.
Author: Eric D. van Hullebusch
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030403483
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 438
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Book Description
This book provides a comprehensive overview of innovative remediation techniques and strategies for soils contaminated by heavy metals or organic compounds (e.g. petroleum hydrocarbons, NAPLs and chlorinated organic compounds). It discusses various novel chemical remediation approaches (in-situ and ex-situ) used alone and in combination with physical and/or thermal treatment. Further, it addresses the recovery of NAPLs, reuse of leaching solutions, and in-situ chemical reduction and oxidation, and explores the chemical enhancement of physical NAPLs recovery from both practical and theoretical perspectives. Also presenting the state-of-the-art in waste-assisted bioremediation to improve soil quality and the remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons, the book is a valuable resource for students, researchers and R&D professionals in industry engaged in the treatment of contaminated soils.
