Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) in Environmental Analysis PDF Download
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Author: Tomas Berglöf
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789157655004
Category : Supercritical fluid extraction
Languages : en
Pages : 33
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Book Description
Author: Tomas Berglöf
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789157655004
Category : Supercritical fluid extraction
Languages : en
Pages : 33
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Book Description
Author: Jennifer Maria Wing
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 362
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Book Description
Author: Umadevi I. Garimella
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chromatographic analysis
Languages : en
Pages : 188
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Book Description
Author: J.R. Dean
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 940112146X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 238
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Book Description
The continued search for rapid, efficient and cost-effective means of analytical measurement has introduced supercritical fluids into the field of analytical chemistry. Two areas are common: supercritical fluid chroma tography and supercritical fluid extraction. Both seek to exploit the unique properties of a gas at temperatures and pressures above the critical point. The most common supercritical fluid is carbon dioxide, employed because of its low critical temperature (31 °C), inertness, purity, non-toxicity and cheapness. Alternative supercritical fluids are also used and often in conjunction with modifiers. The combined gas-like mass transfer and liquid-like solvating characteristics have been used for improved chroma tographic separation and faster sample preparation. Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is complementary to gas chro matography ( GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), providing higher efficiency than HPLC, together with the ability to analyse thermally labile and high molecular weight analytes. Both packed and open tubular columns can be employed, providing the capability to analyse a wide range of sample types. In addition, flame ionization detection can be used, thus providing 'universal' detection.
Author: WF. Beckert
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Environmental analysis
Languages : en
Pages : 13
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Book Description
Sand samples spiked with Aroclor 1232/1260, 17 organochlorine pesticides, 25 organophosphorus pesticides, 43 neutral/acidic compounds, and 16 PAHs were extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide at various pressures and temperatures to establish whether or not such type of compounds can be recovered from solid matrices by supercritical fluid extraction. A few Standard Reference Materials from NIST, spiked only with PAHs, were also evaluated.
Author: F. I. Onuska
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
A simple method was developed for the direct coupling of supercritical fluid extractions (SFE) with a high resolution gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector. SFE conditions were investigated for polychlorinated biphenyls from sediments in terms of mobile phase, entrainer, pressure, temperature and mass-flow optimization. The dynamic and static extractions were compared. Determination of PCBs was tested on certified sediment from the National Water Research Institute.
Author: E.D. Ramsey
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401149488
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 449
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Book Description
During the past decade supercritical fluid extration (SFE) has attracted considerable attention as a sample preparation procedure in analytical chemistry. The successful implementation of this technique can lead to improved sample throughput, more efficient recovery of analytes, cleaner extracts, economic replacement of halogenated solvents and a high level of automation, compared to conventional sample preparation procedures. This book provides an overview of basic principles of SFE as well as in-depth reviews of both on- and off-line SFE methods. The on-line coupling of SFE with both chromatographic and spectroscopics techniques has been the subject of a great deal of research effort and is dealt with in detail. Newer developments, such as off-line SFE of solid and liquid matrices, are starting to attract a great deal of interest, and the coverage of these areas will prove of particular value to the analytical chemist. The international team of authors has illustrated these topics with many `state-of-the-art' applications, and each chapter provides a comprehensive list of references. For the convenience of the reader, an appendix which contains pressure conversion scales and supercritical fluid carbon dioxide density tables appears at the end of the book. The volume's extensive coverage of both on-line and off-line extraction will be particularly useful to analytical chemists, in a wide range of environments, seeking to develop high quality, simple and robust SFE methods.
Author: Wan A. Wan Ibrahim
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Since the inception of analytical supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) in the early 80's, this technique has garnered great attractions in the extractions of variety of analytes from variety of matrices. In this study. supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO2) has been examined as a sample preparation method for the extraction of eugenol from plant matrix prior to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis and for the extraction of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) from sewerage sludges and chlorpyrifos from formulation and soil samples prior to capillary gas chromatography (GC) analysis. This is an area of considerable interest as many current methods use environmentally hazardous chlorinated solvents and alternative methods are required. Although numerous studies have examined the potential application of SFE to isolate pesticides and plant products, the work has been qualitative rather than quantitative. The present work describes studies which have examined the supercritical conditions needed for complete extraction of the pesticides and plant product eugenol. Initially a complex matrix sludge was chosen. Later a simple matrix soil was chosen and a single pesticide chlorpyrifos was used as the SFE of sludge was unsuccessful. In the extraction of chlorpyrifos problems were encountered in the trapping of the extract on depressurisation of the SC CO2. The effect of collection solvent, CO2 flow rate, solvent depth, and restrictor heating on the trapping efficiency have been investigated. Two methods of trapping were evaluated. Once a quantitative trapping method was established, the effect of different soil matrices on the recovery of chlorpyrifos at different chlorpyrifos spiking level was investigated. The SFE of soil was compared to Soxhlet extraction.
Author: Blair Kristen Berger
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Anabolic steroids
Languages : en
Pages : 582
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Book Description
A systematic approach to the rapid development of hyphenated online methods for supercritical fluid extraction-supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry (SFE-SFC-MS) was established for the analysis of complex biological and environmental samples with limited sample sizes. Extensive sample preparation and cleanup is incompatible with small sample sizes. Hyphenated online extractions offer major advantages desirable where sample quantity is limited. By minimizing sample preparation and handling, online extractions provide higher throughput, and minimizes the opportunity for sample contamination or loss. However, hyphenated methods have been difficult to develop since each step has its own requirements, which has slowed penetration into many areas which it should be ideally suited. Recent instrument advances provide new opportunity in online extraction with hyphenated SFE-SFC-MS. The first step involved synergistically optimizing MS-detection, SFC-separation, and SFE extraction. Reference materials and quality controls (QCs) were developed using two separate complex matrices: A micro-dried blood spot (DBS) coring technique for antidoping analysis, and microplastics (μPs) reference materials from cryomilled plastic pellets, for environmental pollutants polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). A micro-DBS coring technique was established for the for anti-doping analysis was established for direct applicability to with application to androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) to reflect method validity for evaluation of real/field samples, For DBS: methods were optimized in a stepwise process for the separation and extraction of androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) were applied to micro-DBS made with human and bovine blood and final method optimizations were performed with focus for Anti-doping analysis. μP Field samples: Pre-optimized methods for the online extraction and separation of environmentally persistent organic pollutants (ePOPs) were applied to marine-exposed μPs and final method optimizations were performed with focus for the targeted analysis of PAHs. The goal was to contribute alternative solutions for blood-based anti-doping testing to current techniques and broaden the accessibility of online SFE-SFC to the scientific community.
Author: Steven B. Hawthorne
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Environmental chemistry
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
