Author: Mark A. Sperling
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323625215
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1075
Book Description
An ideal resource for both pediatricians and endocrinologists, Sperling's Pediatric Endocrinology, 5th Edition, brings you fully up to date with accelerating research; new discoveries in metabolic, biochemical and molecular mechanisms; and the resulting advances in today's clinical care. The editorial team of world-renowned pediatric endocrinologists led by Dr. Mark Sperling, as well as expert contributing authors, cover comprehensive and current aspects of both basic science and clinical practice. Whether you're preparing for certification or have extensive clinical experience, this detailed, authoritative reference helps you increase your knowledge and determine the best possible course for every patient. - Delivers trusted guidance in every area of the field: including Endocrine Disorders of the Newborn, Endocrine Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence, and Laboratory Tests. - Features new topics such as transgender issues in children and adolescents and endocrinology of pregnancy, the fetus and the placenta. - Offers expert coverage of hot topics such as disorders of sexual development, molecular basis of endocrine disorders, hypoglycemia in newborns and infants; neonatal and other monogenic forms of diabetes; Type I and Type II diabetes and their treatment with new insulins together with the progress in an artificial pancreas and new medications for T2DM in adolescents; the obesity epidemic and role of bariatric surgery; and advances toward personalized medicine. - Includes easy-to-follow algorithms and numerous quick-reference tables and boxes in every clinical chapter, plus interactive questions online for self-assessment. - Offers state-of-the-art information and fresh perspectives from new and award-winning authors in such areas as disorders of growth, multiple endocrine tumors, and puberty and its disorders in girls and boys.
Sperling Pediatric Endocrinology E-Book
Author: Mark A. Sperling
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323625215
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1075
Book Description
An ideal resource for both pediatricians and endocrinologists, Sperling's Pediatric Endocrinology, 5th Edition, brings you fully up to date with accelerating research; new discoveries in metabolic, biochemical and molecular mechanisms; and the resulting advances in today's clinical care. The editorial team of world-renowned pediatric endocrinologists led by Dr. Mark Sperling, as well as expert contributing authors, cover comprehensive and current aspects of both basic science and clinical practice. Whether you're preparing for certification or have extensive clinical experience, this detailed, authoritative reference helps you increase your knowledge and determine the best possible course for every patient. - Delivers trusted guidance in every area of the field: including Endocrine Disorders of the Newborn, Endocrine Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence, and Laboratory Tests. - Features new topics such as transgender issues in children and adolescents and endocrinology of pregnancy, the fetus and the placenta. - Offers expert coverage of hot topics such as disorders of sexual development, molecular basis of endocrine disorders, hypoglycemia in newborns and infants; neonatal and other monogenic forms of diabetes; Type I and Type II diabetes and their treatment with new insulins together with the progress in an artificial pancreas and new medications for T2DM in adolescents; the obesity epidemic and role of bariatric surgery; and advances toward personalized medicine. - Includes easy-to-follow algorithms and numerous quick-reference tables and boxes in every clinical chapter, plus interactive questions online for self-assessment. - Offers state-of-the-art information and fresh perspectives from new and award-winning authors in such areas as disorders of growth, multiple endocrine tumors, and puberty and its disorders in girls and boys.
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323625215
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1075
Book Description
An ideal resource for both pediatricians and endocrinologists, Sperling's Pediatric Endocrinology, 5th Edition, brings you fully up to date with accelerating research; new discoveries in metabolic, biochemical and molecular mechanisms; and the resulting advances in today's clinical care. The editorial team of world-renowned pediatric endocrinologists led by Dr. Mark Sperling, as well as expert contributing authors, cover comprehensive and current aspects of both basic science and clinical practice. Whether you're preparing for certification or have extensive clinical experience, this detailed, authoritative reference helps you increase your knowledge and determine the best possible course for every patient. - Delivers trusted guidance in every area of the field: including Endocrine Disorders of the Newborn, Endocrine Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence, and Laboratory Tests. - Features new topics such as transgender issues in children and adolescents and endocrinology of pregnancy, the fetus and the placenta. - Offers expert coverage of hot topics such as disorders of sexual development, molecular basis of endocrine disorders, hypoglycemia in newborns and infants; neonatal and other monogenic forms of diabetes; Type I and Type II diabetes and their treatment with new insulins together with the progress in an artificial pancreas and new medications for T2DM in adolescents; the obesity epidemic and role of bariatric surgery; and advances toward personalized medicine. - Includes easy-to-follow algorithms and numerous quick-reference tables and boxes in every clinical chapter, plus interactive questions online for self-assessment. - Offers state-of-the-art information and fresh perspectives from new and award-winning authors in such areas as disorders of growth, multiple endocrine tumors, and puberty and its disorders in girls and boys.
Pediatric Practice Endocrinology
Author: Michael Kappy
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill
ISBN: 9780071605915
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 432
Book Description
Complete how-to-guidance on the evaluation and treatment of endocrine disorders in children "Edited and written by eminent pediatric endocrinologists, this is at present the best book for fellows in training and pediatricians in practice. It comprises in 11 chapters a concise treatise of pediatric endocrine diseases, well written, easy readable, helped by titles and headings in color. Highly illustrated in color and with up-to-date references, it is highly recommended."--Pediatric Endocrinology Reviews 4 STAR DOODY'S REVIEW! "This is a truly useful book for all physicians who care for young patients with endocrine disorders....In creating a how-to guide while breaking down the molecular mechanisms of endocrine diseases, it fills a gap in currently available pediatric endocrinology literature....This excellent book makes it possible for busy first-year endocrinology fellows to gain a broad understanding of the pertinent topics in this field."--Doody's Review Service Pediatric Practice: Endocrinology is an outstanding clinical analysis and decision-making tool for those treating endocrine problems in children. Featuring an innovative problem-oriented approach, this well-illustrated, full-color guide skillfully integrates pathophysiology with clinical management. Numerous figures illustrate the principles of normal and abnormal physiology and treatment rationale and effects. No other resource offers this concise yet comprehensive review of current knowledge, links these concepts with analysis of clinical situations, and provides such practical recommendations for rational and efficient evaluation and treatment of children with endocrine disorders. Pediatric Practice: Endocrinology opens with an introductory chapter that clarifies the link between genetics, cell biology, and physiology with pathophysiology to provide a clear overview of the endocrine system. Subsequent chapters cover disorders of growth, water metabolism, thyroid and adrenal glands, bone and mineral metabolism, puberty, sex development, obesity, diabetes, and hypoglycemia. Throughout the book emphasis is placed on care of the patient, with the goal of optimizing care and improving the medical management and outcomes for these patients. More than 300 full-color images, figures, and tables enhance the presentation. Features of the Pediatric Practice Series: Tips that tell you what you must know--and what you must do--at every stage of care Diagnostic and treatment algorithms "When to Refer" boxes examine all the relevant clinical considerations Diagnostic Tests--with a realistic emphasis on the right tests to order Medical Treatment coverage that includes drugs, dosages, and administration in an easy-to-read tabular format Convenient icons and a consistent chapter design Numerous clinical color photos and didactic diagrams
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill
ISBN: 9780071605915
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 432
Book Description
Complete how-to-guidance on the evaluation and treatment of endocrine disorders in children "Edited and written by eminent pediatric endocrinologists, this is at present the best book for fellows in training and pediatricians in practice. It comprises in 11 chapters a concise treatise of pediatric endocrine diseases, well written, easy readable, helped by titles and headings in color. Highly illustrated in color and with up-to-date references, it is highly recommended."--Pediatric Endocrinology Reviews 4 STAR DOODY'S REVIEW! "This is a truly useful book for all physicians who care for young patients with endocrine disorders....In creating a how-to guide while breaking down the molecular mechanisms of endocrine diseases, it fills a gap in currently available pediatric endocrinology literature....This excellent book makes it possible for busy first-year endocrinology fellows to gain a broad understanding of the pertinent topics in this field."--Doody's Review Service Pediatric Practice: Endocrinology is an outstanding clinical analysis and decision-making tool for those treating endocrine problems in children. Featuring an innovative problem-oriented approach, this well-illustrated, full-color guide skillfully integrates pathophysiology with clinical management. Numerous figures illustrate the principles of normal and abnormal physiology and treatment rationale and effects. No other resource offers this concise yet comprehensive review of current knowledge, links these concepts with analysis of clinical situations, and provides such practical recommendations for rational and efficient evaluation and treatment of children with endocrine disorders. Pediatric Practice: Endocrinology opens with an introductory chapter that clarifies the link between genetics, cell biology, and physiology with pathophysiology to provide a clear overview of the endocrine system. Subsequent chapters cover disorders of growth, water metabolism, thyroid and adrenal glands, bone and mineral metabolism, puberty, sex development, obesity, diabetes, and hypoglycemia. Throughout the book emphasis is placed on care of the patient, with the goal of optimizing care and improving the medical management and outcomes for these patients. More than 300 full-color images, figures, and tables enhance the presentation. Features of the Pediatric Practice Series: Tips that tell you what you must know--and what you must do--at every stage of care Diagnostic and treatment algorithms "When to Refer" boxes examine all the relevant clinical considerations Diagnostic Tests--with a realistic emphasis on the right tests to order Medical Treatment coverage that includes drugs, dosages, and administration in an easy-to-read tabular format Convenient icons and a consistent chapter design Numerous clinical color photos and didactic diagrams
Practical Algorithms in Pediatric Endocrinology
Author: Z. Hochberg
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN: 380558220X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 117
Book Description
A Karger 'Publishing Highlights 1890-2015' title Algorithms provide a logical, concise and cost-effective approach to medical reasoning: utilizing a concise, step-by-step approach based upon clues from the history, physical examination and laboratory studies, algorithms help avoid excessive unnecessary procedures and testing. The 2nd, revised edition of Practical Algorithms in Pediatric Endocrinology deals with practical issues of child growth, puberty, diseases of the endocrine glands, sexual differentiation, as well as aberrations of water, electrolyte, mineral and carbohydrate metabolism. Fifty clinical issues are covered by an algorithmic approach, breaking down long lists and tables of differential diagnosis into smaller, more manageable ones. Common clinical symptoms, signs and laboratory abnormalities are classified as they present themselves at the patient's bedside. This book is aimed at general practitioners and pediatricians, in particular those who are not exposed to pediatric endocrine problems on a daily basis, and at trainees in endocrinology and pediatric endocrinology as they acquire familiarity with clinical problem solving to make rational choices when facing clinical dilemmas.
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN: 380558220X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 117
Book Description
A Karger 'Publishing Highlights 1890-2015' title Algorithms provide a logical, concise and cost-effective approach to medical reasoning: utilizing a concise, step-by-step approach based upon clues from the history, physical examination and laboratory studies, algorithms help avoid excessive unnecessary procedures and testing. The 2nd, revised edition of Practical Algorithms in Pediatric Endocrinology deals with practical issues of child growth, puberty, diseases of the endocrine glands, sexual differentiation, as well as aberrations of water, electrolyte, mineral and carbohydrate metabolism. Fifty clinical issues are covered by an algorithmic approach, breaking down long lists and tables of differential diagnosis into smaller, more manageable ones. Common clinical symptoms, signs and laboratory abnormalities are classified as they present themselves at the patient's bedside. This book is aimed at general practitioners and pediatricians, in particular those who are not exposed to pediatric endocrine problems on a daily basis, and at trainees in endocrinology and pediatric endocrinology as they acquire familiarity with clinical problem solving to make rational choices when facing clinical dilemmas.
Diabetes Mellitus in Children
Author: Mark A. Sperling
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781416027539
Category : Children
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781416027539
Category : Children
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Brook's Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology
Author: Mehul T. Dattani
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119152682
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 816
Book Description
The seventh edition of Brook's Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology has been compiled by an experienced editorial team and internationally renowned contributors; it presents basic science and clinical management of endocrine disorders for all involved in the care of children and adolescents. It provides treatments for a variety of hormonal diseases, including diabetes and hypoglycaemia, growth problems, thyroid disease and disorders of puberty, sexual differentiation, calcium metabolism, steroid metabolism and hypopituitarism.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119152682
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 816
Book Description
The seventh edition of Brook's Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology has been compiled by an experienced editorial team and internationally renowned contributors; it presents basic science and clinical management of endocrine disorders for all involved in the care of children and adolescents. It provides treatments for a variety of hormonal diseases, including diabetes and hypoglycaemia, growth problems, thyroid disease and disorders of puberty, sexual differentiation, calcium metabolism, steroid metabolism and hypopituitarism.
Endocrine Conditions in Pediatrics
Author: Takara Stanley
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030522156
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 361
Book Description
This book is aimed at primary care providers who care for the pediatric age group (general pediatrician, the PCP working with pediatric patients, and family medicine providers) with the goal of covering the endocrine differential diagnosis of common signs and symptoms of possible endocrine disease as well as appropriate initial laboratory evaluation and interpretation. While multiple pediatric endocrine textbooks exist, most of them are heavy in coverage of physiology and rare diseases, with less discussion of practical steps in evaluation and diagnosis. This book distinguishes itself through a very practical approach. The first section is organized by presenting signs and symptoms, the second section is organized by laboratory interpretation, and the third section provides summaries of common pediatric endocrine disorders. Chapters are concise, providing critical clinical information including clinical pearls, common diagnoses and important points in patient counseling. Written by experts in the field, Endocrine Conditions in Pediatrics is a valuable resource that provides general pediatricians and other primary care providers with all of the information they need to provide superb patient care before transferring to a pediatric endocrinologist when necessary.
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030522156
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 361
Book Description
This book is aimed at primary care providers who care for the pediatric age group (general pediatrician, the PCP working with pediatric patients, and family medicine providers) with the goal of covering the endocrine differential diagnosis of common signs and symptoms of possible endocrine disease as well as appropriate initial laboratory evaluation and interpretation. While multiple pediatric endocrine textbooks exist, most of them are heavy in coverage of physiology and rare diseases, with less discussion of practical steps in evaluation and diagnosis. This book distinguishes itself through a very practical approach. The first section is organized by presenting signs and symptoms, the second section is organized by laboratory interpretation, and the third section provides summaries of common pediatric endocrine disorders. Chapters are concise, providing critical clinical information including clinical pearls, common diagnoses and important points in patient counseling. Written by experts in the field, Endocrine Conditions in Pediatrics is a valuable resource that provides general pediatricians and other primary care providers with all of the information they need to provide superb patient care before transferring to a pediatric endocrinologist when necessary.
Growth Hormone in Adults
Author: Anders Juul
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521641883
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 536
Book Description
This revised new edition reviews the substantial advances in our understanding of the vital role of growth hormone (GH) in maintaining adult health, and the resulting disorders from GH deficiency. The first edition, published in 1996, provided a pioneering overview of the subject; this new edition provides an even more comprehensive account, fully updated with the latest research, clinical applications, and references. The therapeutic benefits of GH treatment in GH deficiency are thoroughly evaluated, including effects on metabolism, cardiac function, exercise performance, psychosocial aspects, and aging and gender-specific effects. This compilation by the world's leading experts covers clinical investigation, diagnosis and treatment issues, and encompasses new knowledge of the control and action of GH secretion. This volume is the most authoritative, comprehensive, and detailed account available and will be an essential source of reference for all endocrinologists.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521641883
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 536
Book Description
This revised new edition reviews the substantial advances in our understanding of the vital role of growth hormone (GH) in maintaining adult health, and the resulting disorders from GH deficiency. The first edition, published in 1996, provided a pioneering overview of the subject; this new edition provides an even more comprehensive account, fully updated with the latest research, clinical applications, and references. The therapeutic benefits of GH treatment in GH deficiency are thoroughly evaluated, including effects on metabolism, cardiac function, exercise performance, psychosocial aspects, and aging and gender-specific effects. This compilation by the world's leading experts covers clinical investigation, diagnosis and treatment issues, and encompasses new knowledge of the control and action of GH secretion. This volume is the most authoritative, comprehensive, and detailed account available and will be an essential source of reference for all endocrinologists.
Skeletal Development of the Hand and Wrist
Author: Cree M. Gaskin
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190208848
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 144
Book Description
Bone age assessment, a crucial part of the diagnosis and management of pediatric growth disorders as well as the timing of certain pediatric orthopedic procedures, has for decades depended on the meticulous examination of plain radiographs. Examining the subtle changes present within the maturing human hand often proves to be challenging and time-consuming. Building on the popular Greulich and Pyle atlas, this book modernizes the method for pediatric skeletal maturity determination. It offers a wealth of images, carefully mined from thousands of digital radiographs from University of Virginia's Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS), edited to best demonstrate important developmental bone features, and organized by age and sex for rapid reference. To expedite learning and clinical image analysis, images come in pairs: annotated and unannotated, for easy comparison. Succinct annotations on the images replace lengthy text to provide a quicker and clearer understanding of the skeletal age. These annotations highlight important and subtle features to help distinguish images that otherwise look superficially alike. The result is an atlas of exceptionally high quality skeletal radiographic standards that capture both the major and finer details of the accepted standards of Greulich and Pyle. The user-friendly format of this book enables a faster, more accurate, and more educational approach to determining skeletal maturity. The Digital Bone Age Companion packaged with the book is a computer program that facilitates viewing of the atlas images in digital format. Users can easily zoom in on radiographic features, set image level and width to their preference, and compare two or three reference standards side-by-side for difficult cases. Most importantly, the program expedites evaluation, optimizes workflow, and minimizes user-introduced errors with the reliable bone age calculator and built-in report generator. The digital format may also be available for integration with your Radiology Information System (RIS) for further workflow enhancement. Given the broad application of pediatric bone aging, Skeletal Development of the Hand and Wrist is not only intended for practicing and training radiologists, but for all of those who employ bone age studies as part of their practice.
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190208848
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 144
Book Description
Bone age assessment, a crucial part of the diagnosis and management of pediatric growth disorders as well as the timing of certain pediatric orthopedic procedures, has for decades depended on the meticulous examination of plain radiographs. Examining the subtle changes present within the maturing human hand often proves to be challenging and time-consuming. Building on the popular Greulich and Pyle atlas, this book modernizes the method for pediatric skeletal maturity determination. It offers a wealth of images, carefully mined from thousands of digital radiographs from University of Virginia's Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS), edited to best demonstrate important developmental bone features, and organized by age and sex for rapid reference. To expedite learning and clinical image analysis, images come in pairs: annotated and unannotated, for easy comparison. Succinct annotations on the images replace lengthy text to provide a quicker and clearer understanding of the skeletal age. These annotations highlight important and subtle features to help distinguish images that otherwise look superficially alike. The result is an atlas of exceptionally high quality skeletal radiographic standards that capture both the major and finer details of the accepted standards of Greulich and Pyle. The user-friendly format of this book enables a faster, more accurate, and more educational approach to determining skeletal maturity. The Digital Bone Age Companion packaged with the book is a computer program that facilitates viewing of the atlas images in digital format. Users can easily zoom in on radiographic features, set image level and width to their preference, and compare two or three reference standards side-by-side for difficult cases. Most importantly, the program expedites evaluation, optimizes workflow, and minimizes user-introduced errors with the reliable bone age calculator and built-in report generator. The digital format may also be available for integration with your Radiology Information System (RIS) for further workflow enhancement. Given the broad application of pediatric bone aging, Skeletal Development of the Hand and Wrist is not only intended for practicing and training radiologists, but for all of those who employ bone age studies as part of their practice.
Genetic Diagnosis of Endocrine Disorders
Author: Roy E. Weiss
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128011343
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 462
Book Description
Genetic Diagnosis of Endocrine Disorders, Second Edition provides users with a comprehensive reference that is organized by endocrine grouping (i.e., thyroid, pancreas, parathyroid, pituitary, adrenal, and reproductive and bone), discussing the genetic and molecular basis for the diagnosis of various disorders. The book emphasizes the practical nature of diagnosing a disease, including which tests should be done for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in adults and children, which genes should be evaluated for subjects with congenital hypothyroidism, which genetic tests should be ordered in obese patients or for those with parathyroid carcinoma, and the rationale behind testing for multiple endocrine neoplasias. - Offers a clear presentations of pharmacogenetics and the actual assays used in detecting endocrine diseases - Teaches the essentials of the genetic basis of disease in each major endocrine organ system - Offers expert advice from genetic counselors on how to use genetic information in counseling patients - Includes new chapters on the genetics of lipid disorders and glycogen storage diseases, genetics of hypoglycemia, and whole genome/exome sequencing
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128011343
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 462
Book Description
Genetic Diagnosis of Endocrine Disorders, Second Edition provides users with a comprehensive reference that is organized by endocrine grouping (i.e., thyroid, pancreas, parathyroid, pituitary, adrenal, and reproductive and bone), discussing the genetic and molecular basis for the diagnosis of various disorders. The book emphasizes the practical nature of diagnosing a disease, including which tests should be done for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in adults and children, which genes should be evaluated for subjects with congenital hypothyroidism, which genetic tests should be ordered in obese patients or for those with parathyroid carcinoma, and the rationale behind testing for multiple endocrine neoplasias. - Offers a clear presentations of pharmacogenetics and the actual assays used in detecting endocrine diseases - Teaches the essentials of the genetic basis of disease in each major endocrine organ system - Offers expert advice from genetic counselors on how to use genetic information in counseling patients - Includes new chapters on the genetics of lipid disorders and glycogen storage diseases, genetics of hypoglycemia, and whole genome/exome sequencing
Clinical Management of Male Infertility
Author: Giorgio Cavallini
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319085034
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 180
Book Description
This book provides andrologists and other practitioners with reliable, up-to-date information on all aspects of male infertility and is designed to assist in the clinical management of patients. Clear guidance is offered on classification of infertility, sperm analysis interpretation and diagnosis. The full range of types and causes of male infertility are then discussed in depth. Particular attention is devoted to poorly understood conditions such as unexplained couple infertility and idiopathic male infertility, but the roles of diverse disorders, health and lifestyle factors and environmental pollution are also fully explored. Research considered stimulating for the reader is highlighted, reflecting the fascinating and controversial nature of the field. International treatment guidelines are presented and the role of diet and dietary supplements is discussed in view of their increasing importance. Clinicians will find that the book’s straightforward approach ensures that it can be easily and rapidly consulted.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319085034
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 180
Book Description
This book provides andrologists and other practitioners with reliable, up-to-date information on all aspects of male infertility and is designed to assist in the clinical management of patients. Clear guidance is offered on classification of infertility, sperm analysis interpretation and diagnosis. The full range of types and causes of male infertility are then discussed in depth. Particular attention is devoted to poorly understood conditions such as unexplained couple infertility and idiopathic male infertility, but the roles of diverse disorders, health and lifestyle factors and environmental pollution are also fully explored. Research considered stimulating for the reader is highlighted, reflecting the fascinating and controversial nature of the field. International treatment guidelines are presented and the role of diet and dietary supplements is discussed in view of their increasing importance. Clinicians will find that the book’s straightforward approach ensures that it can be easily and rapidly consulted.