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Author: Ye. P. Novosel'tsev
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Astronomical photometry
Languages : en
Pages : 22
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Book Description
Author: Ye. P. Novosel'tsev
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Astronomical photometry
Languages : en
Pages : 22
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Book Description
![Spectral Reflectivity of Clouds [with List of References] PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/636kwgEACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Clouds
Languages : en
Pages : 8
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Book Description
Author: Ye. P. Novosel'tsev
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Astronomical photometry
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: J.E. Oliver
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Reference
Languages : en
Pages : 1028
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Book Description
Today's greater public awareness of how climate affects our quality of life and environment has created an increasing demand for climatological information. Now this information is available in one convenient, accessible source, The Encyclopedia of Climatology. This comprehensive volume covers all the main subfields of climatology, supplies data on climates in major continental areas and explains what is known about the causes of climatic processes and changes. Contents include articles on bioclimatology, El Niño, climatic models, world regional climates, civilization and climate, climatic variations and the greenhouse effect.
Author: John E. Oliver
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402032641
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 873
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Book Description
Today, given the well-publicized impacts of events such as El Niño, there is an unequaled public awareness of how climate affects the quality of life and environment. Such awareness has created an increasing demand for accurate climatological information. This information is now available in one convenient, accessible source, the Encyclopedia of World Climatology. This comprehensive volume covers all the main subfields of climatology, supplies information on climates in major continental areas, and explains the intricacies of climatic processes. The level of presentation will meet the needs of specialists, university students, and educated laypersons. A successor to the 1986 Encyclopedia of Climatology, this compendium provides a clear explanation of current knowledge and research directions in modern climatology. This new encyclopedia emphasizes climatological developments that have evolved over the past twenty years. It offers more than 200 informative articles prepared by 150 experts on numerous subjects, ranging from standard areas of study to the latest research studies. The relationship between climatology and both physical and social science is fully explored, as is the significance of climate for our future well-being. The information is organized for speedy access. Entries are conveniently arranged in alphabetical order, thoroughly indexed, and cross-referenced. Every entry contains useful citations to additional source materials. The Editor John E. Oliver is Professor Emeritus at Indiana State University. He holds a B.Sc. from London University, and a MA and Ph.D from Columbia University. He taught at Columbia University and then at Indiana State where he was formerly Chair of the Geography-Geology Department, and Assoc iate Dean, College of Arts and Sciences. He has written many books and journal articles in Climatology, Applied Climatology and Physical Geography.
Author: Francis R. Valovcin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cirrus clouds
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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Book Description
The near infrared spectral radiance measurements of snow and cirrus and cumulus cloud backgrounds taken by the Air Force Geophysics Laboratory's flying laboratory are evaluated. From the analysis of the 124 specra obtained, the spectral radiances or reflectance characteristics of snow and cirrus and cumulus clouds between 5500 and 7000/cm (1.82-1.43 micrometers were determined. Snow/cloud discrimination can be made by utilizing a sensor in the 5500 to 7000/ cm spectral region. Based on the analysis of these data, certain snow/cloud design parameters were identified; that is, slope of the spectral radiance, absolute spectral and/or total radiance, and the location and value of the maximum spectral radiance for the snow and cirrus and cumulus cloud backgrounds. Finally, specific recommendations are made for an optimal operational snow/cloud discrimination radiometer. (Author).
Author: Francis R. Valovcin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Clouds
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Book Description
The main objective of this investigation was to evaluate the usefulness of the data from the S192 Multispectral Scanner aboard Skylab in snow-cloud discrimination. From the available S192 screening films and digital tape data, the reflectance characteristics of snow, ice, and water clouds in different spectral bands from the visible into the near infrared spectral region can be determined. In the visible part of the spectrum, snow, ice, and water clouds appear white. In the near infrared, Band 11 (1.55 to 1.75 micrometers), water clouds are white, ice clouds are gray and snow is black. The ratio of the radiance values in Band 6 (0.68 to 0.76 micrometers to Band 11 (1.55 to 1.75 micrometers appears to provide a method for discriminating between snow cover, ice, and water clouds. (Author).
Author: Reginald W. Herschy
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0412740605
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 793
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Book Description
The fresh water supplies of the Earth are finite and as the world's population continues to grow humanity's thirst for this water seems unquenchable. Intense pressure is being exerted upon freshwater resources and a lack of adequate clean water is seen as one of the most serious global problems for the 21st century. Indeed it has been said that the next war will be fought over water, not oil. Human health and the health of supporting ecosystems increasingly depends upon our ability to find, control, manage and understand water. In a single volume, The Encyclopedia of Hydrology and Water Resources provides the reader with a comprehensive overview and understanding of the diverse field of hydrology. The intimate inclusion of material on water resources emphasizes the practical applications of this field, applications which are indispensable in any modern approach to the subject. This volume is a vital reference for all hydrologists, hydrogeologists and water engineers worldwide, whether they are concerned with the exploitation of new sources of water, the protection and management of existing reserves, or the science of surface water and groundwater flow. 114 eminent scientists from 17 countries worldwide have contributed to this authoritative volume. Superbly illustrated throughout, it includes almost 300 entries on a range of key topics, including arid and semi-arid zones, climates and climate change, floods and droughts, desertification, entropy, flow measurement, groundwater, hydrological cycle, hydrological models, infiltration, karst hydrology, paleohydrology, precipitation, remote sensing, river pollution prevention, rivers, lakes and seas, satellite hydrology, soil erosion, water treatment, water use, weather radar, and world water balance.
Author: M. Griggs
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Infrared radiation
Languages : en
Pages : 178
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Book Description
The results of measurements made with an instrumented DC-3 aircraft are presented and discussed. In the infrared 8 to 14 microns 'window' region, both the integrated and spectral radiances of different surfaces were measured as a function of altitude to 18,000 feet, and compared with a theoretical model. Surface temperature measurements were made in order to determine the mean emissivity of stratus clouds, the ocean, the desert, and snow, in the 'window' region. In the visible region, the albedos of the above surfaces, plus forest and grass surfaces, were determined from measurements of the total down and total up fluxes of solar radiation. The total down flux measurements are compared with a theoretical model. The directional reflectivity and polarization of stratus clouds, the ocean, and snow, were determined as a function of wavelength in the visible region. These optical properties of clouds are related to cloud properties such as thickness, liquid water content, and droplet size distribution. Stratus cloud radiances determined with an aerial camera on a U2 at altitudes up to 65,000 feet are analyzed. (Author).
Author: Kuo-Nan Liou
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521889162
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 461
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Book Description
This volume outlines the fundamentals and applications of light scattering, absorption and polarization processes involving ice crystals.
