Author: Juan Camilo Mecón Ruiz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : es
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Este documento presernta una metodología desarrollada para determinar el porcentaje adecuado de compensación de potencia reactiva requerida para proporcionar un soporte de voltaje apropiado y mitigar el impacto causado por la instalación masiva de plantas de energía eólica (WPP) en un sistema de potencia. Principalmente se realiza la medición del impacto en la cargabilidad del sistema y la mejora alcanzada mediante la instalación de STATCOMs para proporcionar la compensación reactiva a través de un margen de cargabilidad probabilístico que considera el comportamiento intermitente del viento. Adicionalmente, el método de estimación por puntos se aplica para dar una característica estocástica al análisis y determinar la media estadística y la desviación estándar que son valores importantes para identificar el impacto de los WPP y el suministro reactivo necesario. Esta metodología se implementa en el sistema de prueba IEEE New England (39 Bus) comparando la media estadística de margen de cargabilidad entre un caso inicial y múltiples casos considerando diferentes porcentajes de participación de WPP (entre 9% a 33%) y diferentes porcentajes de compensación de potencia reactiva inyectada (entre 15% a 75%) en condiciones normales de operación y considerando escenarios de contingencia N-1. A partir de dicha metodología se logra corroborar las indicaciones realizadas por XM frente a los porcentajes de compensación reactiva que un sistema de potencia requiere cuando se cuenta con alta participación de parques eólicos (WPPs).
Author: Edison Geovanny Guamá Erira
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : es
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Los estudios acerca de la utilización de energía eólica en sistemas de potencia ubicados a grandes distancias del centro de carga han mostrado que la mejor alternativa para transportar la energía es mediante High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) de tipo Voltage Source Converter (VSC). Además, este tipo de tecnología tiene la capacidad de controlar de forma independiente el flujo de potencia activa y reactiva de las estaciones lo cual puede ser utilizado para mejorar la estabilidad del sistema de potencia. Este trabajo propone una metodología para determinar de forma estática y dinámica los beneficios a la estabilidad del sistema como consecuencia del aporte de potencia reactiva por parte de las estaciones VSC. Primero, un análisis estático se realiza y propone un método para determinar el mejor punto de conexión del parque eólico mediante HVDC-VSC. Para esto se caracteriza el beneficio en la congestión de red como un incremento en el margen de cargabilidad de la curva PV del sistema debido a la inyección de potencia reactiva por parte de la estación VSC. Además, un trade-off entre este beneficio y el costo de la línea HVDC como consecuencia de las diferentes longitudes para cada alternativa es requerido. Así que una comparación técnico-económica de las alternativas de conexión permite seleccionar el mejor punto de conexión de la línea HVDC-VSC. Segundo, en el análisis dinámico se diseña un sistema de control para las estaciones VSC con el fin de mejorar la estabilidad de voltaje del sistema AC y parque eólico. El sistema de control con soporte tensión limita la potencia activa de la estación VSC inversora y da prioridad a la potencia reactiva para mantener el voltaje dentro de los límites permitidos en el momento de la falla.
Author: Commission for Environmental Cooperation (Montréal, Québec). Secretariat
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 240
Get Book Here
Book Description
The North American Mosaic has four overarching features. First, it is, to the extent feasible, based on comparable information on the status and trends of major indicators of the state of the environment in Canada,Mexico, and the United States. Second, the report confirms that these three countries together make up an incredibly complex, dynamic, and interconnected ecosystem in which humans play a dominant and decisive role. Third, the report raises important and sometimes disquieting questions concerning the sustainability of some current trends. Finally, the report is a reminder that our economic, social, and physical well-being are utterly dependent on the life-sustaining services provided by nature. This report emphasizes the importance of developing mutually compatible economic, social, and environmental goals and policies across the three-country region.
Author: Lester R. Brown
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN: 0393344150
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 161
Get Book Here
Book Description
With food supplies tightening, countries are competing for the land and waterresources needed to feed their people.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cities and towns
Languages : en
Pages : 196
Get Book Here
Book Description
"With 80% of its population living in cities, Latin America and the Caribbean is the most urbanized region on the planet. Located here are some of the largest and bes-known cities, like Mexico City, São Paulo, Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro, Bogota, Lima and Santiago. The region also boasts hundreds of smaller cities that stand out because of their dynamism and creativity. This edition of State of Latin American and Caribbean cities presents teh current situation of the region's urban world, including the demographic, economic, social, environmental, urban and institutional conditions in which cities are developing." -- p.4 of cover.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Natural gas
Languages : en
Pages : 116
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Michael Bothe
Publisher: Eleven International Publishing
ISBN: 9077596054
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 458
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book presents the research results of an interdisciplinary study on climate change policies by the Enforcing Environmental Policy (EEP) Network, a project supported by the Human Dimension Potential Programme. Contributions are from highly qualified economic and legal specialists based at research institutes across Europe. The book gives answers to several questions related to the implementation of the international rules on climate change, most notably the Kyoto Protocol. It analyses ways and means to facilitate and encourage compliance with the objectives of the Kyoto Protocol. It is addressed to policy-makers, academics, business-sector and stakeholders throughout and outside Europe. Due to its interdisciplinary approach, this work is a distinctive and unique product compared to the existing literature on the subject. The effective implementation of climate protection and clean air policy requires an understanding of the political, legal and economic structures and constraints facing policy makers - and this is exactly what this book offers.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789264064522
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher: United Nations Publications
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 176
Get Book Here
Book Description
This publication presents a set of energy indicators for sustainable development and is an analytical tool for countries to track their progress on energy for sustainable development. The thematic framework, guidelines, methodologies and energy indicators set out in this publication reflect the expertise of five international agencies and organizations (International Atomic Energy Agency, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, International Energy Agency, Eurostat and European Environment Agency). General guidelines and specific methodology sheets for 30 energy indicators are outlined in this report for statisticians, analysts, policy makers and academics to use in their efforts to analyse the effects of energy policies on the social, economic and environmental dimensions of sustainable development.
Author: John Mackey
Publisher: Harvard Business Review Press
ISBN: 1625271751
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 368
Get Book Here
Book Description
The bestselling book, now with a new preface by the authors At once a bold defense and reimagining of capitalism and a blueprint for a new system for doing business, Conscious Capitalism is for anyone hoping to build a more cooperative, humane, and positive future. Whole Foods Market cofounder John Mackey and professor and Conscious Capitalism, Inc. cofounder Raj Sisodia argue that both business and capitalism are inherently good, and they use some of today’s best-known and most successful companies to illustrate their point. From Southwest Airlines, UPS, and Tata to Costco, Panera, Google, the Container Store, and Amazon, today’s organizations are creating value for all stakeholders—including customers, employees, suppliers, investors, society, and the environment. Read this book and you’ll better understand how four specific tenets—higher purpose, stakeholder integration, conscious leadership, and conscious culture and management—can help build strong businesses, move capitalism closer to its highest potential, and foster a more positive environment for all of us.
