Soils of the Eastern United States and Their Use XXII: The Norfolk Sandy Loam (Classic Reprint) PDF Download
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Author: Jay A. Bonsteel
Publisher: Forgotten Books
ISBN: 9780666057099
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Excerpt from Soils of the Eastern United States and Their Use XXII: The Norfolk Sandy Loam The Norfolk sandy loam is an extensive soil type developed within the lower lying portions of the Atlantic and eastern Gulf Coastal Plains. It lies at varying altitudes from sea level up to 150 or 200 feet above tide, but the greater part of the type is probably found between altitudes of 50 and 150 feet. The surface of the Norfolk sandy loam is nearly level, undulating or gently rolling, and there are no steep Slopes or marked differences of elevation within the different areas of the type. The surface soil of the Norfolk sandy loam is a gray or a pale yellow medium sand, having a depth of about 12 inches. This is underlain to a depth of nearly 2 feet by a loamy sand or sandy loam of a yellow color which grades downward into a friable yellow sandy clay. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: Jay A. Bonsteel
Publisher: Forgotten Books
ISBN: 9780666057099
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Book Description
Excerpt from Soils of the Eastern United States and Their Use XXII: The Norfolk Sandy Loam The Norfolk sandy loam is an extensive soil type developed within the lower lying portions of the Atlantic and eastern Gulf Coastal Plains. It lies at varying altitudes from sea level up to 150 or 200 feet above tide, but the greater part of the type is probably found between altitudes of 50 and 150 feet. The surface of the Norfolk sandy loam is nearly level, undulating or gently rolling, and there are no steep Slopes or marked differences of elevation within the different areas of the type. The surface soil of the Norfolk sandy loam is a gray or a pale yellow medium sand, having a depth of about 12 inches. This is underlain to a depth of nearly 2 feet by a loamy sand or sandy loam of a yellow color which grades downward into a friable yellow sandy clay. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: Bonsteel Jay Allan
Publisher: Wentworth Press
ISBN: 9780526503674
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 22
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Book Description
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Author: Jay A. Bonsteel
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781330838983
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 26
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Excerpt from Soils of the Eastern United States and Their Setts XXII: The Norfolk Sandy Loam Where erosion has been excessive the entire soil mass has been carried away and galled spots occupied by stiff red clay are found within the fields. These constitute local areas of the Cecil clay and where broadly developed are mapped as such. Every gradation between the galled areas, where only subsoil material exists, and the full development of the typical Cecil sandy loam may be found in any of the surveyed areas. Advantage should be taken of this difference in depth of the surface soil in the selection of the appropriate crop for each particular area of the type. Scattered through both the surface soil and subsoil material there will be found greater or less quantities of angular white quartz, or white "flint," as it is locally known. These masses are the remains of old veins and scams of quartz which intersected the original granite or gneiss rock. The Cecil sandy loam contrasts sharply with the Cecil clay, which is the other important type in the same series. The latter type consists of a stiff red day or heavy chocolate-colored loam, extending from the surface to a considerable depth. It has no gray or brown sandy covering like the Cecil sandy loam. The members of the Cecil series are also easily distinguished from the soils of the Durham series, are also easily distinguished from the soils of the Durham series, which are gray or yellow at the surface and possess lcmon-3-ellow or pale-yellow subsoils. Similarly the Cecil series may be separated from the Iredell series, which have brown or yellow surface soils and yellow or mottled yellow and gray subsoils. The stiff waxy subsoil of the members of the Iredell series is very impervious to water and gives rise to the scrub-oak soils and "beeswax" land of this Piedmont section. The Cecil sandy loam is rarely associated with the soils of the Chester series, which have a brown surface soil and a yellow loamy subsoil, or with the Penn series, which have a characteristic Indian red color in both soil and subsoil and are derived through the weathering of sandstones and shales. Surface Features and Drainage. The Cecil sandy loam occurs only in that broad plateau section which lies along the front of the Appalachian Mountain Ranges, and from that region slopes gently seaward until it is covered by later deposits of the Coastal Plain along what is known as the fall line. This section extends from New Jersey to east-central Alabama, but the Cecil soils are only developed in the more southern portion from Maryland to Alabama. The Cecil sandy loam occupies the level uplands, the rolling or undulating crests of ridges, and those portions of the higher part of the Piedmont section which are best protected from active soil -erosion and which have, therefore, been able to maintain the deeper surface covering of sandy and sandy loam material. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: JAY ALLAN. BONSTEEL
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781330820407
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Jay Allan Bonsteel
Publisher: Palala Press
ISBN: 9781356155460
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Author: Bonsteel Jay Allan
Publisher: Hardpress Publishing
ISBN: 9781314532050
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.
Author: Jay A. Bonsteel
Publisher: Forgotten Books
ISBN: 9780266685227
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Excerpt from Soils of the Eastern United States and Their Use IV: The Sassafras Silt Loam It is apparent from the textural characteristics of the Sassafras silt loam, from its level to gently undulating surface topography, and from the classes of creps best suited for production upon this soil that the equipment required for its most economical tillage will dif fer very materially from the equipment to be used upon such other Coastal Plain soils as the Norfolk fine sand or Sandy loam, which are more easily worked and are not so universally planted to the general farm crops. The Sassafras silt loam should be plowed to a depth of 8 or 9 inches, and if the natural soil is not so deep as this the depth should be gradually increased from year to year. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: Jay A. Bonsteel
Publisher: Forgotten Books
ISBN: 9781332912254
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 22
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Excerpt from Soils of the Eastern United States and Their Use XII: The Carrington Loam Carrington loam is developed, agriculture is just passing through its pioneer stages, crop rotation is not generally practiced, the feeding of live stock is subordinate to grain production, and practically no stable manure is saved or applied to the land. As a result there has been some decrease in the cr0p yields of the type during the past 15 or 20 years, and the farmers in these regions are becoming convinced of the necessity for crop rotation, the introduction of animal husbandry, and the application of manures in order that the Original efficiency of the type may be restored, maintained, or even increased. In Minnesota and North Dakota, where the Carrington loam is extensively developed, the principal improvements in soil efficiency can be effected by the adoption of a regular crop rotation, utilizing the considerable variety Of general farm crops well suited to produc tion upon this type and capable Of production under the climatic conditions which exist. In numerous instances where the practice of crop rotation has already been adopted material increases in yield, both of corn and of spring wheat, have been attained, even when the changed farm practice only included the. Alternation Of corn with wheat rather than the continued growing of the one crop or. The other. When in addition seeding to clover and other tame grasses has been introduced into the rotation marked increases in the yields of the grain crops have been secured. In Michigan, Indiana, and Iowa, where the feeding of beef cattle and the keeping of dairy stock has been prevalent upon this soil type for periods of 20 to 30 years, no difiiculty is experienced in maintaining the crop-producing power of the soil at an average efficiency considerably higher than the gen eral average for these States. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: Jay A. Bonsteel
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781330820544
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 26
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Excerpt from Soils of the Eastern United States and Their Use XXXIX: Meadow The word Meadow, as applied to soil conditions and as used in the soil classification of the Bureau of Soils, designates those low-lying, frequently somewhat swampy areas found along stream courses and tidewater embayments, which are subject to overflow and which are chiefly devoted to pasturage and the production of hay, when used for agricultural purposes, though usually occupied by trees and dense undergrowth when in their natural condition. Meadow areas, according to this classification, are necessarily variable in texture, since they are among the youngest of soils. They are partially completed soil areas which are subject to frequent accessions of material which may be similar to that already deposited or may differ widely in texture from earlier deposits, depending upon the character of the successive overflows. The term Meadow as here used possesses the oldest significance of the word. This arises from the fact that before the introduction of the majority of grasses and clovers now used for seeding, the moist, low-lying lands supported a growth of the wild grasses that formed the chief dependence of the early farmers both for grazing and for hay. With the introduction of new grasses and with the spread of grass culture to the uplands, the term was transposed, together with grass growing, and the broader significance of the term was made to include the agricultural use of all land of any character where grass was grown for hay. The older use of the term, which is the definition adopted by the Bureau of Soils, is much more definite and significant for the purposes of soil classification. Areas of Meadow of various sizes occur along the courses of nearly all of the larger streams of the eastern portion of the United States. Wherever the bottom lands are subject to periodic overflow such soils may be formed. As a result of this condition along all stream courses where soil building is in progress, areas of Meadow have been encountered in 173 different areas, located in 31 different States and aggregating a total of 3, 086, 829 acres. This vast area constitutes but a small part of the total, and it may be safely estimated that not less than 20, 000, 000 acres of such soil deposits exist in the eastern part of the country. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: Jay Allan Bonsteel
Publisher: Forgotten Books
ISBN: 9781330778692
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Excerpt from Soils of the Eastern United States and Their Use XXXVI: The Volusia Silt Loam Its surface varies, therefore, from nearly level or gently rolling to steeply sloping and almost precipitous. The greatest part of the type lies at altitudes ranging from 1,200 to 2,000 feet above tide level. Some portions of it rise to an extreme elevation of approximately 2,300 feet, while the areas found in northeastern Ohio are much less hilly and lie between 900 and 1,100 feet. The surface drainage of the Volusia silt loam is fairly adequate over the greater part of the type. Numerous springs found upon the hill slopes give rise to small swampy areas and some of the more level tracts are so closely underlain by impervious rock as to be poorly drained. The greatest difficulty with drainage, however, arises from the compacted and dense condition of the subsoil just below plow depth. Long-continued plowing to the same depth, often at times when the subsoil was too wet, has compacted and hardened the layer upon which the plow sole rides, forming what is locally known as "hardpan." This hardpan seriously interferes with the natural internal drainage of the type. Upon the more level areas of this soil erosion is not a serious problem, but there are many steep slopes within its boundaries which may be protected from destructive washing only through remaining in permanent pasture or in woodlot or forest. From many such slopes, denuded of forest when the region was cleared, practically all of the original soil has been removed, leaving only a mass of shale fragments mingled with a small amount of earth. Such slopes should never have been cleared. They comprise possibly 15 per cent of the total area of the type. The Volusia silt loam occurs at high elevations in a cold northern region. It is a moderately well drained soil, of rather heavy texture, suited under ordinary conditions only to the production of hardy crops which mature in a short growing season. The greater proportion of the type lies at too great an elevation to permit of maturing any variety of corn except the flint, and even this can only be grown for silage in the majority of years. The crop adaptation of the type is therefore restricted by its inherent characteristics and by its climatic surroundings to buckwheat, oats, Irish potatoes, and hay. Other crops are grown to a limited extent, and the better drained areas, which may also lie at lower elevations, possess a greater range in crop adaptations than the general average of the type. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
