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Author: Vladimir Zamansky
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 5
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Book Description
This final report summarizes the progress made on the program ''Simultaneous Production of High-Purity Hydrogen and Sequestration-Ready CO{sub 2} from Syngas (contract number DE-FG26-99FT40682)'', during October 2000 through September of 2003. GE Energy and Environmental Research (GE-EER) and Southern Illinois University (SIU) at Carbondale conducted the research work for this program. This program addresses improved methods to efficiently produce simultaneous streams of high-purity hydrogen and separated carbon dioxide from synthesis gas (syngas). The syngas may be produced through either gasification of coal or reforming of natural gas. The process of production of H{sub 2} and separated CO{sub 2} utilizes a dual-bed reactor and regenerator system. The reactor produces hydrogen and the regenerator produces separated CO{sub 2}. The dual-bed system can be operated under either a circulating fluidized-bed configuration or a cyclic fixed-bed configuration. Both configurations were evaluated in this project. The experimental effort was divided into lab-scale work at SIU and bench-scale work at GE-EER. Tests in a lab-scale fluidized bed system demonstrated the process for the conversion of syngas to high purity H{sub 2} and separated CO{sub 2}. The lab-scale system generated up to 95% H{sub 2} (on a dry basis). Extensive thermodynamic analysis of chemical reactions between the syngas and the fluidized solids determined an optimum range of temperature and pressure operation, where the extent of the undesirable reactions is minimum. The cycling of the process between hydrogen generation and oxygen regeneration has been demonstrated. The fluidized solids did not regenerate completely and the hydrogen purity in the reuse cycle dropped to 70% from 95% (on a dry basis). Changes in morphology and particle size may be the most dominant factor affecting the efficiency of the repeated cycling between hydrogen production and oxygen regeneration. The concept of simultaneous production of hydrogen and separated stream of CO{sub 2} was proved using a fixed bed 2 reactor system at GE-EER. This bench-scale cyclic fixed-bed reactor system designed to reform natural gas to syngas has been fabricated in another coordinated DOE project. This system was modified to reform natural gas to syngas and then convert syngas to H{sub 2} and separated CO{sub 2}. The system produced 85% hydrogen (dry basis).
Author: Vladimir Zamansky
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 5
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Book Description
This final report summarizes the progress made on the program ''Simultaneous Production of High-Purity Hydrogen and Sequestration-Ready CO{sub 2} from Syngas (contract number DE-FG26-99FT40682)'', during October 2000 through September of 2003. GE Energy and Environmental Research (GE-EER) and Southern Illinois University (SIU) at Carbondale conducted the research work for this program. This program addresses improved methods to efficiently produce simultaneous streams of high-purity hydrogen and separated carbon dioxide from synthesis gas (syngas). The syngas may be produced through either gasification of coal or reforming of natural gas. The process of production of H{sub 2} and separated CO{sub 2} utilizes a dual-bed reactor and regenerator system. The reactor produces hydrogen and the regenerator produces separated CO{sub 2}. The dual-bed system can be operated under either a circulating fluidized-bed configuration or a cyclic fixed-bed configuration. Both configurations were evaluated in this project. The experimental effort was divided into lab-scale work at SIU and bench-scale work at GE-EER. Tests in a lab-scale fluidized bed system demonstrated the process for the conversion of syngas to high purity H{sub 2} and separated CO{sub 2}. The lab-scale system generated up to 95% H{sub 2} (on a dry basis). Extensive thermodynamic analysis of chemical reactions between the syngas and the fluidized solids determined an optimum range of temperature and pressure operation, where the extent of the undesirable reactions is minimum. The cycling of the process between hydrogen generation and oxygen regeneration has been demonstrated. The fluidized solids did not regenerate completely and the hydrogen purity in the reuse cycle dropped to 70% from 95% (on a dry basis). Changes in morphology and particle size may be the most dominant factor affecting the efficiency of the repeated cycling between hydrogen production and oxygen regeneration. The concept of simultaneous production of hydrogen and separated stream of CO{sub 2} was proved using a fixed bed 2 reactor system at GE-EER. This bench-scale cyclic fixed-bed reactor system designed to reform natural gas to syngas has been fabricated in another coordinated DOE project. This system was modified to reform natural gas to syngas and then convert syngas to H{sub 2} and separated CO{sub 2}. The system produced 85% hydrogen (dry basis).
Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Two computer modules are being constructed to model a new process for syngas upgrading and purification. The first module simulates the physical processes occurring in a fluid bed reactor where both gas and solid compositions and flow rates vary significantly along the axis of the reactor. The second module simulates the chemistry and mass transfer between the gas and solid phases. Primitive forms of the two modules have been developed and exercised over a range of performance parameters. These early tests verify that the modules will need to be expanded to model the reactors as series of individual zones in order to attain satisfactory predictive performance.
Author: Linda Vancil Denton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 328
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Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Enhancement in the production of high purity hydrogen (H2) from fuel gas, obtained from coal gasification, is limited by thermodynamics of the water gas shift (WGS) reaction. However, this constraint can be overcome by conducting the WGS in the presence of a CO2-acceptor. The continuous removal of CO2 from the reaction mixture helps to drive the equilibrium-limited WGS reaction forward. Since calcium oxide (CaO) exhibits high CO2 capture capacity as compared to other sorbents, it is an ideal candidate for such a technique. The Calcium Looping Process (CLP) developed at The Ohio State University (OSU) utilizes the above concept to enable high purity H2 production from synthesis gas (syngas) derived from coal gasification. The CLP integrates the WGS reaction with insitu CO2, sulfur and halide removal at high temperatures while eliminating the need for a WGS catalyst, thus reducing the overall footprint of the hydrogen production process. The CLP comprises three reactors - the carbonator, where the thermodynamic constraint of the WGS reaction is overcome by the constant removal of CO2 product and high purity H2 is produced with contaminant removal; the calciner, where the calcium sorbent is regenerated and a sequestration-ready CO2 stream is produced; and the hydrator, where the calcined sorbent is reactivated to improve its recyclability. As a part of this project, the CLP was extensively investigated by performing experiments at lab-, bench- and subpilot-scale setups. A comprehensive techno-economic analysis was also conducted to determine the feasibility of the CLP at commercial scale. This report provides a detailed account of all the results obtained during the project period.
Author: Ke Liu
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0471719757
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 572
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Book Description
Covers the timely topic of fuel cells and hydrogen-based energy from its fundamentals to practical applications Serves as a resource for practicing researchers and as a text in graduate-level programs Tackles crucial aspects in light of the new directions in the energy industry, in particular how to integrate fuel processing into contemporary systems like nuclear and gas power plants Includes homework-style problems
Author: Christopher Bohn
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The need to stabilise or even reduce the production of anthropogenic CO2 makes the capture of CO2 during energy generation from carbonaceous fuels, e.g. coal or biomass, necessary for the future. For hydrogen, an environmentally-benign energy vector whose sole combustion product is water, to become a major energy source, it must be produced in an efficient, CO2-neutral manner. A process, which uses a packed bed of iron and its oxides, viz. Fe, Fe0:947O, Fe3O4 and Fe2O3, has been formulated to produce separate, pure streams of H2 and CO2. The process is exothermic and has the following stages:1. Reduction of Fe2O3 to Fe0:947O or Fe in syngas (CO + H2) from gasifying coal or biomass. This stage generates pure CO2 for sequestration, once the water has been condensed. 2. Subsequent oxidation of Fe or Fe0:947O to Fe3O4 using steam. This stage generatesH2 of sufficient purity for use in polymeric membrane fuel cells. 3. Further oxidation of Fe3O4 to Fe2O3 using air to return the oxide to step (1). It was shown that reduction to Fe0:947O in step (1) gave stable yields of H2 in step (2)after 40 cycles, near those predicted from reaction stoichiometry. By contrast, reduction to Fe, rather than Fe0:947O, in step (1) gave low levels of H2 in step (2) after just 10 cycles. This demonstrates that modifying the iron oxide is unnecessary unless reduction to Fe is performed. Wet-impregnation of Fe2O3 was performed with salts of Al, Cr and Mg or with tetraethylorthosilicate for Si to give loadings of 1-30 mol % of the additive element. The addition of Al stabilised the quantity of H2 produced when the sample was reduced to Fe. Using a sol-gel method, composite particles with diff erent mass ratios of Fe2O3 and Al2O3 were prepared. For reduction to Fe over 40 cycles, 40 wt. % Al2O3 was required to give stable conversions near 75 % of that expected from reaction stoichiometry. Prior to this research, it had been assumedthat the alumina acted as an inert support. However, this was shown to be incorrect since the formation of FeO. Al2O3 was quantitatively confirmed using X-ray diffraction. The presence of the compound, FeO. Al2O3, is significant since it reduces the loss in internal surface area butbinds reactive iron, two contradictory e ects for the production of H2. The production of separate streams of pure H2 and CO2 from solid fuels, lignite and subbituminous coal, was demonstrated. Pure H2 with [CO] ~
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Languages : en
Pages :
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We demonstrate that the extension of CLC onto oxidants beyond air opens new, highly efficient pathways for production of ultra-pure hydrogen, activation of CO2 via reduction to CO, and are currently working on production of syngas using nanocomposite Fe-BHA. CLR hold great potential due to fuel flexibility and CO2 capture. Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) is a novel clean combustion technology which offers an elegant and highly efficient route for fossil fuel combustion. In CLC, combustion of a fuel is broken down into two spatially separated steps. In the reducer, the oxygen carrier (typically a metal) supplies the stoichiometric oxygen required for fuel combustion. In the oxidizer, the oxygen-depleted carrier is then re-oxidized with air. After condensation of steam from the effluent of the reducer, a high-pressure, high-purity sequestration-ready CO2 stream is obtained. In the present study, we apply the CLC principle to the production of high-purity H2, CO, and syngas streams by replacing air with steam and/or CO2 as oxidant, respectively. Using H2O as oxidant, pure hydrogen streams can be obtained. Similarly, using CO2 as oxidant, CO is obtained, thus opening an efficient route for CO2 utilization. Using steam and CO2 mixtures for carrier oxidation should thus allow production of syngas with adjustable CO:H2 ratios. Overall, these processes result in Chemical Looping Reforming (CLR), i.e. the net overall reaction is the steam and/or dry reforming of the respective fuel.
Author:
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 18
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The water gas shift reaction (WGSR) plays a major role in increasing the hydrogen production from fossil fuels. However, the enhanced hydrogen production is limited by thermodynamic constrains posed by equilibrium limitations of WGSR. This project aims at using a mesoporous, tailored, highly reactive calcium based sorbent system for incessantly removing the CO2 product which drives the equilibrium limited WGSR forward. In addition, a pure sequestration ready CO2 stream is produced simultaneously. A detailed project vision with the description of integration of this concept with an existing coal gasification process for hydrogen production is presented. Conceptual reactor designs for investigating the simultaneous water gas shift and the CaO carbonation reactions are presented. In addition, the options for conducting in-situ sorbent regeneration under vacuum or steam are also reported. Preliminary, water gas shift reactions using high temperature shift catalyst and without any sorbent confirmed the equilibrium limitation beyond 600 C demonstrating a carbon monoxide conversion of about 80%. From detailed thermodynamic analyses performed for fuel gas streams from typical gasifiers the optimal operating temperature range to prevent CaO hydration and to effect its carbonation is between 575-830 C.
Author: Mohammad Reza Rahimpour
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 032398519X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 476
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Book Description
Advances in Synthesis Gas: Methods, Technologies and Applications: Syngas Purification and Separation considers different common and novel processes for the purification of produced syngas, such as absorption, adsorption, membrane, cryogenic distillation and particulate separation technologies in addition to thermal and oxidative processes for tar removal. The role of various catalysts or materials in absorption, adsorption and membrane processes are discussed in separate chapters to address each in more detail. - Introduces various adsorption and absorption techniques for purifying syngas - Describes syngas purification by various membranes - Discusses novel technologies for syngas purification
Author: Mohammad Reza Rahimpour
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323985203
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 492
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Book Description
Advances in Synthesis Gas: Methods, Technologies and Applications: Syngas Products and Usage considers the applications and usages of syngas for producing different chemical materials such as hydrogen, methanol, ethanol, methane, ammonia, and more. In addition, power generation in fuel cells, or in combination with heat from syngas, as well as iron reduction with economic and environmental challenges for syngas utilization are described in detail. - Introduces syngas characteristics and its properties - Describes various methods and technologies for producing syngas - Discusses syngas production from different roots and feedstocks
