Signaling Mechanisms Limiting Axon Regeneration in the Adult Central Nervous System PDF Download
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Author: Glenn Chung-Wing Yiu
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781109838480
Category : Axons
Languages : en
Pages : 137
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Book Description
Together, the results in this dissertation provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms mediating the inhibitory effects of the adult glial environment. Future studies employing combinatorial approaches to target both extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms that limit adult CNS regeneration will be imperative toward developing therapies for neural injury.
Author: Glenn Chung-Wing Yiu
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781109838480
Category : Axons
Languages : en
Pages : 137
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Book Description
Together, the results in this dissertation provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms mediating the inhibitory effects of the adult glial environment. Future studies employing combinatorial approaches to target both extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms that limit adult CNS regeneration will be imperative toward developing therapies for neural injury.
Author: Norman Saunders
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0203304489
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 354
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Book Description
Degeneration and Regeneration in the Nervous System brings together an international team of contributors to produce a series of critical reviews appraising key papers in the field. The pace of research on brain and spinal cord injury quickened considerably in the last ten years and there is much that is new and important that is covered in this book. However, there is still a long way to go before our knowledge will explain fully why the central nervous system has such a limited capacity for regeneration, and before experimental solutions can be applied to the patient. With emphasis on actual and therapeutic importance of the work reviewed, Degeneration and Regeneration in the Nervous System is a useful overview for graduate students, their teachers and researchers working in this field.
Author: Gunnar Heiko Dirk Poplawski
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781321059946
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 279
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Book Description
The regenerative capacity of central nervous system (CNS) axons after injury is severely impaired compared to axons of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). We hypothesized that mechanisms both intrinsic and extrinsic to the neuron influence the ability of CNS axons to regenerate. To investigate this hypothesis we explored two model systems. In the first model system, we identified a regeneration transcriptome in injured corticospinal motor neurons that is associated with enhanced central axon regeneration after spinal cord injury. The genetic mechanisms identified in this model include cAMP-Erk-CREB, Huntingtin, NFE2L2, ephrin and semaphorin signaling, and provide a dataset for potential therapeutic intervention to improve axonal regeneration in vivo after spinal cord injury. In the second model, we tested the hypothesis that glial cells of the peripheral nerve, Schwann cells, are an essential mechanism contributing to central axonal regeneration after "conditioning" lesions, wherein injury to the peripheral branch of a dorsal root ganglion sensory neuron enhances regeneration of the central branch of the sensory neuron. The gene encoding Low-density lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein-1 (LRP1) was conditionally deleted in Schwann cells, impairing the survival and function of Schwann cells after injury; animals with Schwann cell-specific deletion of LRP1 exhibited a significant reduction in axon regeneration in vitro and a trend towards central sensory axon regeneration after conditioning lesions, confirming that glial cells exhibit an essential but partial role in supporting axonal regeneration. Overall, these studies identify novel molecular and cellular mechanisms that influence central axon regeneration, and suggest therapeutic approaches to improve neural repair after CNS injury.
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123983223
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 233
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Book Description
Published since 1959, International Review of Neurobiology is a well-known series appealing to neuroscientists, clinicians, psychologists, physiologists, and pharmacologists. Led by an internationally renowned editorial board, this important serial publishes both eclectic volumes made up of timely reviews and thematic volumes that focus on recent progress in a specific area of neurobiology research. This volume reviews existing theories and current research surrounding Axon Growth and Regeneration. Leading authors review state-of-the-art in their field of investigation and provide their views and perspectives for future research Chapters are extensively referenced to provide readers with a comprehensive list of resources on the topics covered All chapters include comprehensive background information and are written in a clear form that is also accessible to the non-specialist
Author: Jeffrey Kordower
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080556981
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 523
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Book Description
This second edition of CNS Regeneration updates the burgeoning field of regeneration in the Central Nervous System (CNS) from molecular, systems, and disease-based perspective. While the book covers numerous areas in detail, special emphasis is given to discussions of movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and spinal cord injury. Incorporates information gained from cutting-edge photomicroscopy techniques Includes current information on clinical trials Presents chapters on stem cells and other novel treatments for diseases of the CNS
Author: Santiago Ramón y Cajal
Publisher: History of Neuroscience
ISBN: 0195065166
Category : Nervous system
Languages : en
Pages : 977
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Book Description
This book is a reprint of an English translation of Cajal's original work, with abundant notes and commentaries by the editor. This text describes Cajal's fundamental contributions to neuroscience, which continue to be important today. It accurately details Cajal's ideas and data, and providesreaders with the opportunity to learn what Cajal thought about his research career and the significance of his observations. Excerpts from Tello's memorial lectures also provide a contemporary view of Cajal's work.
Author: James A. Radosevich
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119432359
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 784
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Book Description
These volumes teach readers to think beyond apoptosis and describes all of the known processes that cells can undergo which result in cell death This two-volume source on how cells dies is the first, comprehensive collection to cover all of the known processes that cells undergo when they die. It is also the only one of its kind to compare these processes. It seeks to enlighten those in the field about these many processes and to stimulate their thinking at looking at these pathways when their research system does not show signs of activation of the classic apoptotic pathway. In addition, it links activities like the molecular biology of one process (eg. Necrosis) to another process (eg. apoptosis) and contrasts those that are close to each. Volume 1 of Apoptosis and Beyond: The Many Ways Cells Die begins with a general view of the cytoplasmic and nuclear features of apoptosis. It then goes on to offer chapters on targeting the cell death mechanism; microbial programmed cell death; autophagy; cell injury, adaptation, and necrosis; necroptosis; ferroptosis; anoikis; pyronecrosis; and more. Volume 2 covers such subjects as phenoptosis; pyroptosis; hematopoiesis and eryptosis; cyclophilin d-dependent necrosis; and the role of phospholipase in cell death. Covers all known processes that dying cells undergo Provides extensive coverage of a topic not fully covered before Offers chapters written by top researchers in the field Provides activities that link and contrast processes to each other Apoptosis and Beyond: The Many Ways Cells Die will appeal to students and researchers/clinicians in cell biology, molecular biology, oncology, and tumor biology.
Author: William M. Reichert
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420009303
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 300
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Book Description
Despite enormous advances made in the development of external effector prosthetics over the last quarter century, significant questions remain, especially those concerning signal degradation that occurs with chronically implanted neuroelectrodes. Offering contributions from pioneering researchers in neuroprosthetics and tissue repair, Indwel
Author: Kevin Chun-Kai Wang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 174
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Book Description
Author: Namiko Abe
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 149
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Book Description
While neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) have limited capacity for regrowth after damage, neurons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) have a robust ability to regenerate their axons following injury. Successful regeneration depends upon both extrinsic cues in the environment and the activation of intrinsic mechanisms to promote regrowth. A number of inhibitory molecules in the CNS environment that prevent axonal regrowth have been identified, but less is known regarding the signaling mechanisms that regulate regenerative ability in PNS neurons. Here, we explored multiple components of injury signaling in the PNS, including the retrograde transport of local axonal injury signals, enhancement of axonal growth capacity in the cell body, and the response of Schwann cells that myelinate the damaged axon. We first addressed how axonal injury triggers enhancement of axonal growth capacity in PNS neurons. The lack of regenerative ability of CNS neurons has been linked to downregulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. We find that PNS dorsal root ganglia neurons (DRGs) activate mTOR following damage, and that this activity contributes to enhance axonal growth capacity following injury. Furthermore, upregulation of mTOR activity by deletion of tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) in DRGs is sufficient to enhance axonal growth capacity in vitro and in vivo. We identified GAP-43 as a downstream target of this pathway, which may contribute to enhance regenerative ability. However, while genetic upregulation of mTOR activity in sensory neurons facilitates axonal regrowth, it also leads to a number of developmental and functional defects, including aberrant target innervation. Thus, while manipulation of the mTOR activity could stimulate nerve regeneration in the PNS, fine control of mTOR activity may be required for proper target innervation and functional recovery. mTOR activation in the damaged neuron is likely to represent one of several signaling events that mediate nerve regeneration. We thus also explored other aspects of peripheral nerve injury signaling, including the retrograde transport of local injury signals by axonal vesicles, and the response of myelinating Schwann cells to axonal damage. Our results indicate that several classes of signaling pathways occurring both in axons and Schwann cells cooperate to generate a robust regenerative response. A better understanding of the signaling pathways leading to increased regenerative growth ability of PNS neurons may guide new strategies to enhance nerve regeneration in the CNS.
