Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of Complex Environmental Mixtures III PDF Download
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Author: Michael D. Waters
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461336112
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 580
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Book Description
In the four years since the 1978 Symposium on the Application of Short-Term Bioassays in the Fractionation and Analysis of Complex Environmental Mixtures the use of short-term bioassays to evaluate potential health hazards of complex environmental mixtures has substantially increased. Increased research activity has been particularly noticeable in mobile source emissions, where initial observations on the mutagenic activity of diesel particulate extracts reported at the 1978 symposium stimulated the development of major research programs in government and industry. In the absence of appropriate reference materials, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency initiated comparative genotoxicity studies to determine the relative mutagenic and carcinogenic activity and, ultimately, the potential human health risk due to exposure to various complex emission products. Among the materials investigated were those of known health risk, such as coke oven and roofing tar emissions and cigarette smoke condensates, and those of unknown hazard, such as exhaust from diesel-and gasoline-powered vehicles. Studies on diesel emission products proved useful in short term bioassay development, as the diesel exhaust extracts were genetically active with low cellular toxicity and could be obtained in relatively large quantities. Availability of such samples aided chemical characterization, and it was eventually determined that the nitro-polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons were among the mutagenic components of diesel exhaust particulate.
Author: Michael D. Waters
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461336112
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 580
Get Book Here
Book Description
In the four years since the 1978 Symposium on the Application of Short-Term Bioassays in the Fractionation and Analysis of Complex Environmental Mixtures the use of short-term bioassays to evaluate potential health hazards of complex environmental mixtures has substantially increased. Increased research activity has been particularly noticeable in mobile source emissions, where initial observations on the mutagenic activity of diesel particulate extracts reported at the 1978 symposium stimulated the development of major research programs in government and industry. In the absence of appropriate reference materials, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency initiated comparative genotoxicity studies to determine the relative mutagenic and carcinogenic activity and, ultimately, the potential human health risk due to exposure to various complex emission products. Among the materials investigated were those of known health risk, such as coke oven and roofing tar emissions and cigarette smoke condensates, and those of unknown hazard, such as exhaust from diesel-and gasoline-powered vehicles. Studies on diesel emission products proved useful in short term bioassay development, as the diesel exhaust extracts were genetically active with low cellular toxicity and could be obtained in relatively large quantities. Availability of such samples aided chemical characterization, and it was eventually determined that the nitro-polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons were among the mutagenic components of diesel exhaust particulate.
Author: United States. Environmental Protection Agency
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 1584
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Book Description
Author: Michael D Waters
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781461336129
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 608
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Book Description
Author: Michael Waters
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468441213
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 508
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Book Description
More than one hundred short-term bioassays are now available for detecting the toxicity, mutagenicity, and potential carcinogenicity of chemicals. These bioassays were developed and validated with individual compounds, and their principal application was perceived to be in evaluating the health hazard of such materials. However, man is rarely exposed to single chemicals; his exposure to hazardous chemicals is more commonly a multifactorial phenomenon. Although chemical analysis can be used to detect known hazardous compounds, it would be a staggering and expensive task to analyze large numbers of samples for all known or suspected hazardous constituents. Furthermore, the biological activity of a complex mixture cannot be reliably predicted from knowledge of its components. On the other hand, bioassays alone cannot tell us which components of complex mixtures are responsible for the biological activity detected. Thus, cost effectiveness and technical feasibility dictate stepwise and perhaps iterative application -of both chemical and biological methods in evaluating the health effects of complex environmental mixtures. Through the coupling of reliable biological detection systems with methods of chemical fractionation and analysis, it is frequently possible to isolate the individual chemical species that show biological activity. Initially, complex mixtures may be separated and bioassayed in carefully defined chemical fractions. The results of such short-term screening bioassays then may be used td guide the course of further fractionation and to determine the need for more stringent and comprehensive biological testing.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 202
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Book Description
Author: Cornelis A. M. van Gestel
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439830096
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
In the last decade and a half, great progress has been made in the development of concepts and models for mixture toxicity, both in human and environmental toxicology. However, due to their different protection goals, developments have often progressed in parallel but with little integration. Arguably the first book to clearly link ecotoxicology an
Author: Beate Escher
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 1843393689
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 273
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Book Description
Part of Water Quality Set - Buy all four books and save over 30% on buying separately! Bioanalytical Tools in Water Quality Assessment reviews the application of bioanalytical tools to the assessment of water quality including surveillance monitoring. The types of water included range from wastewater to drinking water, including recycled water, as well as treatment processes and advanced water treatment. Bioanalytical Tools in Water Quality Assessment not only demonstrates applications but also fills in the background knowledge in toxicology/ecotoxicology needed to appreciate these applications. Each chapter summarises fundamental material in a targeted way so that information can be applied to better understand the use of bioanalytical tools in water quality assessment. Bioanalytical tools in Water Quality Assessment can be used by lecturers teaching academic and professional courses and also by risk assessors, regulators, experts, consultants, researchers and managers working in the water sector. It can also be a reference manual for environmental engineers, analytical chemists, and toxicologists. Authors: Beate Escher, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (EnTox), The University of Queensland, Australia, Frederic Leusch, Smart Water Research Facility (G51), Griffith University Gold Coast Campus, Australia. With contributions by Heather Chapman and Anita Poulsen
Author: National Library of Medicine (U.S.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 1174
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Book Description
First multi-year cumulation covers six years: 1965-70.
Author: D. Rondia
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400971974
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 391
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Book Description
This book contains the combined papers from a NATO sponsored meeting entitled "Mobile Source Emissions Including Polycyclic Organic Species". This meeting was held in Liege, Belgium, from August 30 to September 2, 1982, as an Advanced Research Workshop (ARW). Specialists from 13 countries met to discuss the impacts of fuel type and engine operation on emissions from gasoline and diesel-powered vehicles. The meeting was organized into five sessions: basic studies, biological activity, analytical methods, data bases, engineering and international research programs. The five sessions were each followed by intensive discussions on the important conclusions to be drawn from the data presented. From these session discussions, subcommittee efforts and a final group discussion on all the research results presented, a meeting summary was prepared by the editors that presents the major findings of the conference and gives detailed recommendations for future research. This summary is included at the end of the book. The summary i"nc1udes highlights of data presented, areas of research needs, recommendations for standardization of test parameters and species analyzed, suggested new methodology for characterizing mobile emissions, trends in fuel use including diesel, gasoline, anti-knock additives and blending agents, operation of catalysts, control strategies, implications from both in vivo and in vitro health effects studies, and a presenta tion of the scopeiand direction of several large international programs that are major studies of mobile source performance.
Author: Lawrence V. Tannenbaum
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118743628
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 255
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Book Description
In Alternative Ecological Risk Assessment the author, Lawrence V. Tannenbaum, provides a critical review of current practices in the ecological risk assessment field and proposes alternatives that are supported by established science and keen observation. It is hoped that this approach will pave the way to a greater understanding of what appropriate and useful ecological assessment for contaminated sites should entail. He demonstrates that in most cases current practices do not provide for an assessment of ecological risk, and moreover, that endeavoring to assess ecological risk is actually an unnecessary undertaking at conventional hazardous waste sites. (He states, for example, that the concept of scale is often ignored by practitioners, questions why animals like deer are routinely assessed at 5-acre sites, and challenges the ecotoxicology data currently used.) The book is aimed at students and professionals in the fields of environmental science, ecology, ecotoxicology, and health risk assessment.
