Selected Data on Federal R & D Funding by Budget Function PDF Download
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Author: John E. Jankowski
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : United States
Languages : en
Pages : 30
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Book Description
Author: John E. Jankowski
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : United States
Languages : en
Pages : 30
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Author: United States. General Accounting Office
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Budget
Languages : en
Pages : 64
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Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 030917600X
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 107
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Book Description
The United States faces a new challengeâ€"maintaining the vitality of its system for supporting science and technology despite fiscal stringency during the next several years. To address this change, the Senate Appropriations Committee requested a report from the National Academies of Sciences and Engineering and the Institute of Medicine to address "the criteria that should be used in judging the appropriate allocation of funds to research and development activities; to examine the appropriate balance among different types of institutions that conduct such research; and to look at the means of assuring continued objectivity in the allocation process." In this eagerly-awaited book, a committee of experts selected by the National Academies and the Institute responds with 13 recommendations that propose a new budgeting process and formulates a series of questions to address during that process. The committee also makes corollary recommendations about merit review, government oversight, linking research and development to government missions, the synergy between research and education, and other topics. The recommendations are aimed at rooting out obsolete and inadequate activities to free resources from good programs for even better ones, in the belief that "science and technology will be at least as important in the future as they have been in the past in dealing with problems that confront the nation." The authoring committee of this book was chaired by Frank Press, former President of the National Academy of Sciences (1981-1993) and Presidential Science and Technology Advisor (1977-1981).
Author: United States Management and Budget Bureau
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Engineers
Languages : en
Pages : 68
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This report summarizes current research and development (R&D) prioritysetting issues -- in terms of expenditures; agency, topical, or field-specific priorities; and organizational arrangements to determine priorities. Federal R&D funding priorities reflect presidential policies and national needs. Defense R&D predominated in the 1980s, decreasing to about 50% of federal R&D in the 1990s. In non-defense R&D, space R&D was important in the 1960s as the nation sought to compete with the Soviet Union; energy R&D was a priority during the energy-short 1970s, and, since the 1980s, health R&D has predominated in non-defense science. This Administration's R&D priorities include weapons development, homeland security, space launch vehicles, and, beginning in 2006, more support for physical sciences and engineering. For FY2007, R&D is requested at almost $137 billion of budget authority, about 1.8% more than enacted in FY2006. The request would increase funding for physical sciences and engineering programs in the National Science Foundation, the Department of Energy's Office of Science, and National Institute of Standards and Technology laboratories as part of the President's American Competitiveness Initiative (ACI) to enhance innovation. Funding for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's R&D would increase by about 8% largely to develop human space vehicles, but cuts would be made in aeronautics, life sciences, and other research activities. For FY2007, two appropriations bills have been signed; the rest of the government is operating on a continuing resolution. Budget action so far increases support for defense development and decreases homeland security R&D funding. Although other action is incomplete, it is likely that National Institutes of Health R&D funding would be flat and physical sciences funding could increase in the three agencies as requested. However, Congress could reduce funding levels when enacting final R&D appropriations. The latest estimated expenditure for national (public and private) R&D is $312.1 billion for FY2004. Federal R&D expenditures, at $93.4 billion, have grown, but have declined to 30% of total national R&D spending. Some proposals to increase incentives for industrial R&D include H.R. 1454, H.R. 1736, S. 14, S. 627, S. 2199, and S. 2720, which would make permanent the R&D tax credit. H.R. 4297 would have extended the credit through the end of 2007, but conferees excluded language relating to this topic. In a Senate floor vote, a motion to permit voting on H.R. 5970, a tripartite tax bill which included the R&D tax credit, failed to pass. The FY2007 budget would fund three interagency R&D initiatives: networking and information technology; climate change science; and nanotechnology. Proposals to coordinate R&D include a continuing priority-setting mechanism; a cabinet-level S&T body; functional R&D budgeting; and reestablishment of a technology assessment function. The Administration opposes R&D earmarking, estimated at $2.4 billion in budget authority for FY2006. Although the Administration is using the Government Performance and Results Act and the Program Assessment Rating Tool for R&D budgeting, some critics say better data and concepts are needed before performance budgeting can be used to identify R&D priorities. This report replaces CRS Issue Brief IB10088. It will be updated as needed.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264239014
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 402
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Book Description
The internationally recognised methodology for collecting and using R&D statistics, the OECD's Frascati Manual is an essential tool for statisticians and science and innovation policy makers worldwide. It includes definitions of basic concepts, data collection guidelines, and classifications ...
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Research
Languages : en
Pages : 50
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Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309062780
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 300
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Book Description
The past 50 years have witnessed a revolution in computing and related communications technologies. The contributions of industry and university researchers to this revolution are manifest; less widely recognized is the major role the federal government played in launching the computing revolution and sustaining its momentum. Funding a Revolution examines the history of computing since World War II to elucidate the federal government's role in funding computing research, supporting the education of computer scientists and engineers, and equipping university research labs. It reviews the economic rationale for government support of research, characterizes federal support for computing research, and summarizes key historical advances in which government-sponsored research played an important role. Funding a Revolution contains a series of case studies in relational databases, the Internet, theoretical computer science, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality that demonstrate the complex interactions among government, universities, and industry that have driven the field. It offers a series of lessons that identify factors contributing to the success of the nation's computing enterprise and the government's role within it.
