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Author: Werner, C.
Publisher: DGUV/IFA
ISBN: 386423235X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 117
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Book Description
Machine drives using closed-loop speed control are state of the art. As on drives without closed-loop speed control, the movement of a machine part at varying speeds frequently gives rise to a hazard against which the machine operators must be protected. The simplest means of preventing movements during manual intervention in danger zones is the (safe) disconnection of the energy driving the relevant motors. This is however often not possible, for example when intervention is required whilst the machine is running for the purpose of clearing faults, setup, during test operation, etc. Scenarios such as these require the machine to be operated with protective equipment disabled. In order for the operators‘ safety to be assured nonetheless, Annex I, Section 1.2.5 of the Machinery Directive sets out the required measures. Safety sub-functions for drive controls have been defined for implementation of the machine functions required for this purpose. Examples are STO (safe torque off), SLS (safely limited speed) and SS1 (safe stop 1). This report addresses the use of drive control equipment that implements safety sub-functions at a certain Performance Level according to ISO 13849-1 in consideration of the application and risks. The basic safety sub-functions of drive controls and the requirements relating to their use are presented. The principles of operation of frequency inverters and DC converters are described, and implementation of the safety sub-functions are explained. Examples are provided of application circuits by which the various machine safety functions can be implemented. The corresponding SISTEMA files for quantification of these safety functions are available for download free of charge. The examples include both standard frequency inverters and frequency inverters with integrated safety functions.
Author: Werner, C.
Publisher: DGUV/IFA
ISBN: 386423235X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 117
Get Book Here
Book Description
Machine drives using closed-loop speed control are state of the art. As on drives without closed-loop speed control, the movement of a machine part at varying speeds frequently gives rise to a hazard against which the machine operators must be protected. The simplest means of preventing movements during manual intervention in danger zones is the (safe) disconnection of the energy driving the relevant motors. This is however often not possible, for example when intervention is required whilst the machine is running for the purpose of clearing faults, setup, during test operation, etc. Scenarios such as these require the machine to be operated with protective equipment disabled. In order for the operators‘ safety to be assured nonetheless, Annex I, Section 1.2.5 of the Machinery Directive sets out the required measures. Safety sub-functions for drive controls have been defined for implementation of the machine functions required for this purpose. Examples are STO (safe torque off), SLS (safely limited speed) and SS1 (safe stop 1). This report addresses the use of drive control equipment that implements safety sub-functions at a certain Performance Level according to ISO 13849-1 in consideration of the application and risks. The basic safety sub-functions of drive controls and the requirements relating to their use are presented. The principles of operation of frequency inverters and DC converters are described, and implementation of the safety sub-functions are explained. Examples are provided of application circuits by which the various machine safety functions can be implemented. The corresponding SISTEMA files for quantification of these safety functions are available for download free of charge. The examples include both standard frequency inverters and frequency inverters with integrated safety functions.
Author: Hauke, M.
Publisher: DGUV/IFA
ISBN: 3864232325
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 324
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Book Description
The EN ISO 13849-1 standard, “Safety of machinery – Safety-related parts of control systems”, contains provisions governing the design of such parts. This report is an update of BGIA Report 2/2008e of the same name. It describes the essential subject-matter of the standard in its third, revised 2015 edition, and explains its application with reference to numerous examples from the fields of electromechanics, fluidics, electronics and programmable electronics, including control systems employing mixed technologies. The standard is placed in its context of the essential safety requirements of the Machinery Directive, and possible methods for risk assessment are presented. Based upon this information, the report can be used to select the required Performance Level PLr for safety functions in control systems. The Performance Level PL which is actually attained is explained in detail. The requirements for attainment of the relevant Performance Level and its associated Categories, component reliability, levels of diagnostic coverage, software safety and measures for the prevention of systematic and common-cause failures are all discussed comprehensively. Background information is also provided on implementation of the requirements in real-case control systems. Numerous example circuits show, down to component level, how Performance Levels a to e can be engineered in the selected technologies with Categories B to 4. The examples provide information on the safety principles employed and on components with well-tried safety functionality. Numerous literature references permit closer study of the examples provided. The report shows how the requirements of EN ISO 13849-1 can be implemented in engineering practice, and thus makes a contribution to consistent application and interpretation of the standard at national and international level.
Author: Marco Tacchini
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119789044
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 356
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Book Description
FUNCTIONAL SAFETY OF MACHINERY Enables readers to understand ISO 13849-1 and IEC 62061 standards and provides a practical approach to functional safety in machinery design Functional Safety of Machinery: How to Apply ISO 13849-1 and IEC 62061 introduces functional safety of machinery as a single unified approach, despite the existence of two standards. Aligning with the latest updates of ISO 13849-1 and IEC 62061, the book explains the intent behind the standards and the mathematical basis on which they are written, details the differences between the two standards, and prescribes ways to put them into practice. To aid in seamless reader comprehension, detailed examples are included throughout the book which walk readers through concepts like Random and Systematic Failures, High and Low demand mode of operation, Diagnostic Coverage, and Safe Failure Fraction. Other sample topics covered within the book include: Basics of reliability engineering and functional safety Roles of the standards in the design and evaluation of safety functions Description of the Main Parameters used in the two standards How to deal with Low Demand Safety Systems The Categories of ISO 13849-1 and the Basic Subsystem Architectures of IEC 62061 How Categories and Architectures can be validated Machinery design engineers, machinery manufacturers, and professionals in system and industrial safety fields can use this book as a one-stop resource to understand the specifics and applications of ISO 13849-1 and IEC 62061.
Author: R. Zwicky
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483298647
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 829
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Book Description
Contains 97 papers which provide a valuable overview of the latest technical innovations in this rapidly expanding field. Areas of development which receive particular attention include the emergence of power switching transistors, the application of microprocessors to regulation and control of static converters and electrical drives, the use of more sophisticated control strategies and the utilization of power electronics in new application fields.
Author: Jens Weidauer
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3895789232
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 397
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Book Description
From the point of view of a user this book covers all aspects of modern electrical drives. It is aimed at both users, who wish to understand, design, use, and maintain electrical drives, as well as specialists, technicians, engineers, and students, who wish to gain a comprehensive overview of electrical drives. Jens Weidauer and Richard Messer describe the principles of electrical drives, their design, and application, through to complex automation solutions. In the process, they introduce the entire spectrum of drive solutions available and their main applications. A special aspect is the combination of multiple drives to form a drive system, as well as the integration of drives into automation solutions. In simple and clear language, and supported with many diagrams, complex relationships are described and presented in an easy-to-understand way. The authors deliberately avoid a comprehensive mathematical treatment of their subject and instead focus on a coherent description of the active principles and relationships. As a result, the reader will be in a position to understand electrical drives as a whole and to solve drive-related problems in everyday professional life.
Author: Jacek Kabziński
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319457357
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 391
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Book Description
This contributed volume is written by key specialists working in multidisciplinary fields in electrical engineering, linking control theory, power electronics, artificial neural networks, embedded controllers and signal processing. The authors of each chapter report the state of the art of the various topics addressed and present results of their own research, laboratory experiments and successful applications. The presented solutions concentrate on three main areas of interest: · motion control in complex electromechanical systems, including sensorless control; · fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control of electric drives; · new control algorithms for power electronics converters. The chapters and the complete book possess strong monograph attributes. Important practical and theoretical problems are deeply and accurately presented on the background of an exhaustive state-of the art review. Many results are completely new and were never published before. Well-known control methods like field oriented control (FOC) or direct torque control (DTC) are referred as a starting point for modifications or are used for comparison. Among numerous control theories used to solve particular problems are: nonlinear control, robust control, adaptive control, Lyapunov techniques, observer design, model predictive control, neural control, sliding mode control, signal filtration and processing, fault diagnosis, and fault tolerant control.
Author: Edwin Kiel
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540767053
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 546
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Book Description
Highly automated production and logistics facilities require mechatronic drive solutions. This book describes in which way the industrial production and logistics work and shows the structure of the drive solutions required for this purpose. The functionality of the mechanical and electronic elements of a drive system is described, and their basic dimensioning principles are explained. The authors also outline the engineering, reliability, and important aspects of the life cycle.
Author: Bram Vanderborght
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3642134173
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 290
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Book Description
This book reports on the developments of the bipedal walking robot Lucy. Special about it is that the biped is not actuated with the classical electrical drives but with pleated pneumatic artificial muscles. In an antagonistic setup of such muscles both the torque and the compliance are controllable. From human walking there is evidence that joint compliance plays an important role in energy efficient walking and running. Moreover pneumatic artificial muscles have a high power to weight ratio and can be coupled directly without complex gearing mechanism, which can be beneficial towards legged mechanisms. Additionally, they have the capability of absorbing impact shocks and store and release motion energy. This book gives a complete description of Lucy: the hardware, the electronics and the software. A hybrid simulation program, combining the robot dynamics and muscle/valve thermodynamics, has been written to evaluate control strategies before implementing them in the real biped.
Author: W. Leonhard
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483145573
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1041
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Book Description
Control in Power Electronics and Electrical Drives contains the proceedings of the Second International Federation of Automatic Control Symposium held in Düsseldorf, Germany, on October 3-5, 1977. The symposium provided a forum for discussing the effects of converter control on the design of electrical machines. Comprised of 102 chapters, this book begins by focusing on control systems employing electronic power converters, along with converter circuits and converter control procedures. The next section deals with the behavior of inverter-fed electrical machines and requirements imposed by converter operation. Topics covered include the status of power thyristors and rectifiers; the dynamic performance of converter-fed synchronous motors; and open loop control of a linear vernier reluctance motor in a stepping mode. Subsequent sections explore converter-fed alternating current and direct current drives; applications of controlled industrial drives; and solid-state energy conversion. A number of methods for analyzing power electronic circuits are discussed and illustrated. This monograph will be of interest to electronics and electrical engineers.
Author: Hong-Yue Zhang
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 9780080555393
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1576
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Book Description
The safe and reliable operation of technical systems is of great significance for the protection of human life and health, the environment, and of the vested economic value. The correct functioning of those systems has a profound impact also on production cost and product quality. The early detection of faults is critical in avoiding performance degradation and damage to the machinery or human life. Accurate diagnosis then helps to make the right decisions on emergency actions and repairs. Fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) has developed into a major area of research, at the intersection of systems and control engineering, artificial intelligence, applied mathematics and statistics, and such application fields as chemical, electrical, mechanical and aerospace engineering. IFAC has recognized the significance of FDD by launching a triennial symposium series dedicated to the subject. The SAFEPROCESS Symposium is organized every three years since the first symposium held in Baden-Baden in 1991. SAFEPROCESS 2006, the 6th IFAC Symposium on Fault Detection, Supervision and Safety of Technical Processes was held in Beijing, PR China. The program included three plenary papers, two semi-plenary papers, two industrial talks by internationally recognized experts and 258 regular papers, which have been selected out of a total of 387 regular and invited papers submitted. * Discusses the developments and future challenges in all aspects of fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control * 8 invited and 36 contributed sessions included with a special session on the demonstration of process monitoring and diagnostic software tools
