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Author: Christopher Ray
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Economic development
Languages : en
Pages : 172
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Author: Christopher Ray
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Economic development
Languages : en
Pages : 172
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Book Description
Author: Walter William Skeat
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : English language
Languages : en
Pages : 544
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Author: English Dialect Society
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 188
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Book Description
Author: John Taylor
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Library catalogs
Languages : en
Pages : 384
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Author: University of Wisconsin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Social sciences
Languages : en
Pages : 378
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Author: University of Wisconsin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 374
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Book Description
Author: Signet Library (Great Britain)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 692
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Author: Gerry Barnes
Publisher: Windgather Press
ISBN: 1914427211
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 224
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Book Description
Old orchards have an irresistible appeal. Their ancient trees and obscure fruit varieties seem to provide a direct link with the lost rural world of our ancestors, a time when the pace of life was slower and people had a strong and intimate connection with their local environment. They are also of critical importance for sustaining biodiversity, providing habitats, in particular, for a range of rare invertebrates. Not surprisingly, orchards and the fruit they contain have attracted an increasing amount of attention over the last few decades, from both enthusiastic bands of amateurs and official conservation bodies. But much of what has been written about them is historically vague, romanticized and nostalgic. Orchards have become a symbol of unspoiled, picturesque rural England. This book attempts, for the first time, to provide a comprehensive review of the development of orchards in England from the Middle Ages to the present day. It describes the various different kinds of orchard and explains how, and when, they appeared in the landscape and why they have disappeared, at a catastrophic rate, over the last six decades. Chapters discuss the contrasting histories of fruit growing in different regions of England, the complex story of traditional fruit varieties and the role of orchards in wildlife conservation. In addition, a chapter on researching orchards provides a practical guide for those wishing to investigate the history and archaeology of particular examples.
Author: Jane Whittle
Publisher: People, Markets, Goods: Econom
ISBN: 9781783272396
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 271
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Book Description
This is the first book to survey the experience of servants in rural Europe from the fifteenth to the nineteenth century. Live-in servants were a distinctive element of early modern society. They were typically young adults aged between 16 and 24 who lived and worked in other people's households before marriage. Servants tended to be employed for long periods, several months to years at a time, and were paid with food and lodging as well as cash wages. Both women and men worked as servants in large numbers. Unlike domestic servants in towns and wealthy households, rural servants typically worked on farms and were an important element of the agricultural workforce. Historians have viewed service as a distinct life-cycle stage between childhood and marriage. It brought both freedom and servility for young people. It allowed them to leave home and earn a living before marriage, whilst learning a range of agricultural and craft skills which reduced their dependence on their parents and increased their choice in marriage partners. Still, servants had limited rights: they were under the authority of their employer, with a similar legal status to children. In many countries the employment of servants was tightly controlled by law. Servants could demand their wages, and leave when the contract ended, but had to work long hours and had little say in their work tasks during employment. While some servants effectively became family members, trusted and cared for, others were abused physically and sexually by their employers. This collection features a range of methodologies, reflecting the variety of source materials and approaches available to historians of this topic in a range of European countries and time periods. Nonetheless, it demonstrates the strong common themes that emerge from studying servants and will be of particular interest to historians of work, gender, the family, agriculture, economic development, youth and social structure. JANE WHITTLE is Professor of Rural History at the University of Exeter. Contributors: CHRISTINE FERTIG, JEREMY HAYHOE, SARAH HOLLAND, THIJS LAMBRECHT, CHARMIAN MANSELL, HANNE ØSTHUS, RICHARD PAPING, CRISTINA PRYTZ, RAFFAELLA SARTI, CAROLINA UPPENBERG, LIES VERVAET, JANE WHITTLE
Author: Robert Watt
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : English literature
Languages : en
Pages : 720
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Book Description
