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Author: James Mark Baker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 560
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Book Description
Author: James Mark Baker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 560
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: J. Mark Baker
Publisher: University of Washington Press
ISBN: 0295800917
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 294
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Book Description
In the Kangra Valley of India's western Himalaya, farmers have for centuries relied on community-managed kuhl systems - intricate networks of collectively built and maintained irrigation channels - for their rice and wheat farming. Over the years, earthquakes and floods have repeatedly destroyed villagers' kuhls. More recently, increasing nonfarm employment has drawn labor away from kuhl maintenance and from farming itself. Prevailing theories of common property resource management suggest that such conditions should cause the kuhls to die out; instead, most have beentransformed and remain alive and well. In this book, Mark Baker offers a comprehensive explanation for the durability of the kuhls of Kangra in the face of recurring environmental shocks and socioeconomic change. In addition to describing how farmers use and organize the kuhls, he employs varied lines of theory and empirical data to account for the persistence of most kuhls (and the demise of a few) in the late twentieth century. Into his explanatory framework he incorporates the history of regional politics and economics as they affected kuhls during the precolonial, colonial, and postcolonial periods; the role of state involvement in kuhl construction and management; the benefits of exchanges of labor and water among members of networked kuhls; and the ways in which kuhl systems are embedded in and reproduce core cultural beliefs and practices. Scholars interested in common property resource regimes have long focused on self-organizing, community-based irrigation systems. Yet their theories cannot entirely account for the durability of common property regimes under the extreme conditions of ecological stress, economic change, and social differentiation that exist in Kangra. Baker adds new dimensions to such theories by reaching beyond them to incorporate "exogenous" factors such as the roles statemaking practices play in common property resource regimes, the importance of networks in buffering individual resource regimes from environmental stress, and the ways in which regimes are sites for reproducing and occasionally contesting the relations that constitute place and region. In doing so, he advances a new way of thinking about community-based systems of resource management--a timely subject given recent trends in many countries toward the devolution of authority over natural resource management from government to rural communities.
Author: István Winkler
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832553540
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 134
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Book Description
Infants have astonishingly sophisticated abilities to process speech and music. It is, as if many of the higher-order capabilities, such as regularity detection, auditory stream segregation, statistical learning, and rhythm processing are already present at birth or develop quite early during infancy, while some “simple” abilities, such as feature discrimination show a much longer developmental trajectory. These higher-order abilities also provide the basis of further cognitive, emotional, and social development, as they form the basis for communicating and thus learning from caretakers and peers. Therefore, understanding the underlying processes is a prime goal of developmental psychology and neuroscience, and it is also essential for creating early interventions for atypically developing infants, such as designing training protocols for infants at risk of auditory developmental deficits.
Author: Nancy Kuhl
Publisher: Gwasg y Bwthyn
ISBN: 9781848614123
Category : Poetry
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Poetry. "If an echo is a 'pining into sound, ' Kuhl rewrites it in a way that gives pining uncommon agency--this is not a 'pining away' but a pining toward, a pining into. It's vigorous; it's vivid, but nonetheless graceful in its manipulation of the layers and columns of the human psyche. Rangy in her syntax, tight in her rhythms and sounds, Kuhl exposes the intricacies of daily acts, events and sights, slowly extending them out beyond their own boundaries to where ghosts whisper into open mouths and the 'past is wild but almost / over.' This exceptional poet hits a new height with each new book, and the view from this one is great "--Cole Swensen
Author: Maria D. Sera
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119684315
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
Cutting edge scholarship on the origins and functions of human communication In Volume 40 of Human Communication: Origins, Mechanism, and Functions, a distinguished team of editors delivers the latest scholarship to researchers, students, and practitioners interested in and working in the field of human communication. This vital resource explores the phylogenetic and ontogenetic origins, as well as the functions, of human communication. It will earn a place in the libraries of developmental psychologists, researchers and professionals dealing with speech, as well as a wide range of other academics and practitioners in language-related fields.
Author: Mari Riess Jones
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0190618213
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 377
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Book Description
Attention is a central concept in psychology. The term 'attention' itself has persisted, even though it implies a static, insulated capacity that we use when it is necessary to focus upon some relevant or stimulating event. Riess Jones presents a different way of thinking about attention; one that describes it as a continuous activity that is based on energy fluctuating in time. A majority of attention research fails to examine influence of event time structure (i.e., a speech utterance) on listeners' moment-to-moment attending. General research ignores listeners endowed with innate, as well as acquired, temporal biases. Here, attending is portrayed as a dynamic interaction of an individual within his or her surroundings. Importantly, this interaction involves synchronicity between an attender and external events. This emphasis on time and synchronicity distinguishes the author's theory, called Dynamic Attending Theory (DAT), from other approaches to attending which characterize attention metaphorically as a filter, resource pool, spotlight, and so on. Recent research from neuroscience has lent support to Riess Jones' theory, and the goal of this book is to bring this new research as well as her own to the wide audience of psychologists interested in attention more broadly.
Author: Julia Hyland Bruno
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889761711
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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Book Description
Author: Scott Johnson
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0195331052
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 382
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Book Description
Arguments over the developmental origins of human knowledge are ancient, founded in the writings of Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, Hume, and Kant. They have also persisted long enough to become a core area of inquiry in cognitive and developmental science. Empirical contributions to these debates, however, appeared only in the last century, when Jean Piaget offered the first viable theory of knowledge acquisition that centered on the great themes discussed by Kant: object, space, time, and causality. The essence of Piaget's theory is constructivism: The building of concepts from simpler perceptual and cognitive precursors, in particular from experience gained through manual behaviors and observation.The constructivist view was disputed by a generation of researchers dedicated to the idea of the "competent infant," endowed with knowledge (say, of permanent objects) that emerged prior to facile manual behaviors. Taking this possibility further, it has been proposed that many fundamental cognitive mechanisms -- reasoning, event prediction, decision-making, hypothesis testing, and deduction -- operate independently of all experience, and are, in this sense, innate. The competent-infant view has an intuitive appeal, attested to by its widespread popularity, and it enjoys a kind of parsimony: It avoids the supposed philosophical pitfall posed by having to account for novel forms of knowledge in inductive learners. But this view leaves unaddressed a vital challenge: to understand the mechanisms by which new knowledge arises.This challenge has now been met. The neoconstructivist approach is rooted in Piaget's constructivist emphasis on developmental mechanisms, yet also reflects modern advances in our understanding of learning mechanisms, cortical development, and modeling. This book brings together, for the first time, theoretical views that embrace computational models and developmental neurobiology, and emphasize the interplay of time, experience, and cortical architecture to explain emergent knowledge, with an empirical line of research identifying a set of general-purpose sensory, perceptual, and learning mechanisms that guide knowledge acquisition across different domains and through development.
Author: Iain Morley
Publisher:
ISBN: 0199234086
Category : Music
Languages : en
Pages : 464
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Book Description
This volume investigates the evolutionary origins of our musical abilities, the nature of music, and the earliest archaeological evidence for musical activities amongst our ancestors. It seeks to understand the relationship between our musical capabilities and the development of our social, emotional, and communicative abilities as a species.
Author: Oni Buchanan
Publisher: University of Iowa Press
ISBN: 1609381335
Category : Poetry
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Book Description
Oni Buchanan explores the problem of violence against the undefended, elemental self through a variety of emotional and linguistic responses. The violation itself is unspecified but involves the forced transformation from an instinctual, animal self, housed in the body and in the senses, into a socialized, time-based “citizen,” familiar with death, decay, and systemic injustice. This exploration plays out through the twin challenges of perception and compassion. Perception can bind us to the known world or cut us loose in dangerous, horrific territory. Compassion for other creatures (wild or domesticated, and sometimes both) is born of perception, of the hard limits and surprising insights encountered by attending to the bodies, gestures, and plights of others. In Must a Violence, the tones and personalities vary widely but trust is always placed in the five senses. These poems gather and relay extraordinary sense data, from inaudible sounds to long-absent smells. These deeply musical poems demand the reader attend to their sounds: to the waveforms, repetitions, durations, and delicate interrelationships of words. In sounding out the problem of how to respond to violence and to the betrayal and domestication of that which is wild, this book counters with aesthetic violence and disruption of its own, opening the self to the unexpected powers of the senses and to encounters between "wildness" and "domestication" within the self. Though never easy, this openness creates the possibility for an all-enveloping love that touches and joins all animals, both nonhuman and human.
