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Author: C. Hendryx
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cement plaster (i.e., stucco) repair
Languages : en
Pages : 22
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Book Description
The Nisqually Earthquake struck Washington State in February 2001, damaging the facade of the historic Bush Hotel, located in Seattle's International District. During the seismic event, sections of exterior cement plaster parge cladding and clay block infill fell from the structure onto the sidewalk below. This paper outlines the failures of the 1920s era concrete frame and hollow-core clay block infill exterior wall assembly, the multi-faceted approach designed to implement a historically sensitive repair in coordination with FEMA regulations, and addresses mitigation of potential future hazards. Prompt evaluation of the life safety threat was conducted, and sprayed-in-place polyurethane foam was used as a unique method to stabilize and temporarily weatherize portions of exterior walls. Various techniques were used to evaluate exterior walls and quantify the extent of damage including hammer sounding, invasive testing, mapping, and CAD-assisted measurements in a rigorous process to meet FEMA funding requirements. Damage to the exterior walls included delaminated and cracked stucco cladding, crushed hollow-core clay block infill panels, and cracked and spalled concrete. A multitude of factors were addressed in the Construction Documents including: restoring exterior walls to pre-earthquake conditions; maintaining the historical fabric of the building's appearance; coordination with FEMA and historic review agencies; repair to hollow-core clay block without in-kind material readily available; restoration of an exterior mural; performing work in a busy downtown setting with the building fully occupied; and addressing removal of lead-containing coatings. Importantly, a plan for mitigation of potential hazards was designed and implemented utilizing anchors to secure clay block infill panels to the structure, in order for wall sections to better resist possible future earthquakes. Methodology and examples for the synthesis of well-coordinated Contract Documents for such a complicated project are addressed. Evaluation of successes and challenges in coordination with FEMA, design, and repair methods are also provided.
Author: C. Hendryx
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cement plaster (i.e., stucco) repair
Languages : en
Pages : 22
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Book Description
The Nisqually Earthquake struck Washington State in February 2001, damaging the facade of the historic Bush Hotel, located in Seattle's International District. During the seismic event, sections of exterior cement plaster parge cladding and clay block infill fell from the structure onto the sidewalk below. This paper outlines the failures of the 1920s era concrete frame and hollow-core clay block infill exterior wall assembly, the multi-faceted approach designed to implement a historically sensitive repair in coordination with FEMA regulations, and addresses mitigation of potential future hazards. Prompt evaluation of the life safety threat was conducted, and sprayed-in-place polyurethane foam was used as a unique method to stabilize and temporarily weatherize portions of exterior walls. Various techniques were used to evaluate exterior walls and quantify the extent of damage including hammer sounding, invasive testing, mapping, and CAD-assisted measurements in a rigorous process to meet FEMA funding requirements. Damage to the exterior walls included delaminated and cracked stucco cladding, crushed hollow-core clay block infill panels, and cracked and spalled concrete. A multitude of factors were addressed in the Construction Documents including: restoring exterior walls to pre-earthquake conditions; maintaining the historical fabric of the building's appearance; coordination with FEMA and historic review agencies; repair to hollow-core clay block without in-kind material readily available; restoration of an exterior mural; performing work in a busy downtown setting with the building fully occupied; and addressing removal of lead-containing coatings. Importantly, a plan for mitigation of potential hazards was designed and implemented utilizing anchors to secure clay block infill panels to the structure, in order for wall sections to better resist possible future earthquakes. Methodology and examples for the synthesis of well-coordinated Contract Documents for such a complicated project are addressed. Evaluation of successes and challenges in coordination with FEMA, design, and repair methods are also provided.
Author: Federal Emergency Agency
Publisher: FEMA
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 72
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Book Description
Following the two damaging California earthquakes in1989 (Loma Prieta) and 1994 (Northridge), many concrete wall and masonry wall buildings were repaired using federal disaster assistance funding. The repairs were based on inconsistent criteria, giving rise to controversy regarding criteria for the repair of cracked concrete and masonry wall buildings. To help resolve this controversy, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) initiated a project on evaluation and repair of earthquake-damaged concrete and masonry wall buildings in 1996. The ATC-43 project addresses the investigation and evaluation of earthquake damage and discusses policy issues related to the repair and upgrade of earthquake-damaged buildings. The project deals with buildings whose primary lateral-force-resisting systems consist of concrete or masonry bearing walls with flexible or rigid diaphragms, or whose vertical-load-bearing systems consist of concrete or steel frames with concrete or masonry infill panels. The intended audience is design engineers, building owners, building regulatory officials, and government agencies. The project results are reported in three documents. TheFEMA306report, Evaluation of Earthquake Damaged Concrete and Masonry Wall Buildings, Basic Procedures Manual, provides guidance on evaluating damage and analyzing future performance. Included in the document are component damage classification guides, and test and inspection guides. FEMA 307, Evaluation of Earthquake Damaged Concrete and Masonry Wall Buildings, Technical Resources, contains supplemental information including results from a theoretical analysis of the effects of prior damage on single-degree-of-freedom mathematical models, additional background information on the component guides, and an example of the application of the basic procedures. FEMA 308, The Repair of Earthquake Damaged Concrete and Masonry Wall Buildings ,discusses the policy issues pertaining to the repair of earthquake-damaged buildings and illustrates how the procedures developed for the project can be used to provide a technically sound basis for policy decisions. It also provides guidance for the repair of damaged components.
Author: Federal Emergency Management Agency
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781484019139
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Following the two damaging California earthquakes in 1989 (Loma Prieta) and 1994 (Northridge), many concrete wall and masonry wall buildings were repaired using federal disaster assistance funding. The repairs were based on inconsistent criteria, giving rise to controversy regarding criteria for the repair of cracked concrete and masonry wall buildings. To help resolve this controversy, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) initiated a project on evaluation and repair of earthquake damaged concrete and masonry wall buildings in 1996. The ATC-43 project addresses the investigation and evaluation of earthquake damage and discusses policy issues related to the repair and upgrade of earthquake damaged buildings. The project deals with buildings whose primary lateral-force-resisting systems consist of concrete or masonry bearing walls with flexible or rigid diaphragms, or whose vertical-load-bearing systems consist of concrete or steel frames with concrete or masonry infill panels. The intended audience is design engineers, building owners, building regulatory officials, and government agencies. The project results are reported in three documents. The FEMA 306 report, Evaluation of Earthquake Damaged Concrete and Masonry Wall Buildings, Basic Procedures Manual, provides guidance on evaluating damage and analyzing future performance. Included in the document are component damage classification guides, and test and inspection guides. FEMA 307, Evaluation of Earthquake Damaged Concrete and Masonry Wall Buildings, Technical Resources, contains supplemental information including results from a theoretical analysis of the effects of prior damage on single-degree-of-freedom mathematical models, additional background information on the component guides, and an example of the application of the basic procedures. FEMA 308, The Repair of Earthquake Damaged Concrete and Masonry Wall Buildings, discusses the policy issues pertaining to the repair of earthquake damaged buildings and illustrates how the procedures developed for the project can be used to provide a technically sound basis for policy decisions. It also provides guidance for the repair of damaged components.
Author:
Publisher: Government Printing Office
ISBN: 9780160926754
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 206
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Book Description
The Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) handbook can be used by trained personnel to identify, inventory, and screen buildings that are potentially seismically vulnerable. The RVS procedure comprises a method and several forms that help users to quickly identify, inventory, and score buildings according to their risk of collapse if hit by major earthquakes. The RVS handbook describes how to identify the structural type and key weakness characteristics, how to complete the screening forms, and how to manage a successful RVS program.
Author:
Publisher: FEMA
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 174
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Book Description
Author: Federal Emergency Agency
Publisher: FEMA
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 274
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Book Description
Following the two damaging California earthquakes in 1989 (Loma Prieta) and 1994 (Northridge), many concrete wall and masonry wall buildings were repaired using federal disaster assistance funding. The repairs were based on inconsistent criteria, giving rise to controversy regarding criteria for the repair of cracked concrete and masonry wall buildings. To help resolve this controversy, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) initiated a project on evaluation and repair of earthquake damaged concrete and masonry wall buildings in 1996. The ATC-43 project addresses the investigation and evaluation of earthquake damage and discusses policy issues related to the repair and upgrade of earthquake damaged buildings. The project deals with buildings whose primary lateral-force-resisting systems consist of concrete or masonry bearing walls with flexible or rigid diaphragms, or whose vertical-load-bearing systems consist of concrete or steel frames with concrete or masonry infill panels. The intended audience is design engineers, building owners, building regulatory officials, and government agencies. The project results are reported in three documents. The FEMA 306 report, Evaluation of Earthquake Damaged Concrete and Masonry Wall Buildings, Basic Procedures Manual, provides guidance on evaluating damage and analyzing future performance. Included in the document are component damage classification guides, and test and inspection guides. FEMA 307, Evaluation of Earthquake Damaged Concrete and Masonry Wall Buildings, Technical Resources, contains supplemental information including results from a theoretical analysis of the effects of prior damage on single-degree-of-freedom mathematical models, additional background information on the component guides, and an example of the application of the basic procedures. FEMA 308, The Repair of Earthquake Damaged Concrete and Masonry Wall Buildings, discusses the policy issues pertaining to the repair of earthquake damaged buildings and illustrates how the procedures developed for the project can be used to provide a technically sound basis for policy decisions. It also provides guidance for the repair of damaged components.
Author: United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
Publisher: FEMA
ISBN:
Category : Earthquake resistant design
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
Author: U. s. Department of Homeland Security
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781484117330
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 224
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Book Description
The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), which is part of the Department of Homeland Security, works to reduce the ever-increasing cost that disasters inflict on the nation. Preventing losses before they occur by designing and constructing buildings and their components to withstand anticipated forces from various hazards is one of the key components of mitigation and is one of the most effective ways of reducing the cost of future disasters. The National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) is the federal program established to address the nation's earthquake threat. NEHRP seeks to resolve two basic issues: how will earthquakes affect us and how do we best apply our resources to reduce their impact on our nation. The program was established by Congress under the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of 1977 (Public Law 95-124) and was the result of years of examination of the earthquake hazard and possible mitigation measures. Under the NEHRP, FEMA is responsible for supporting program implementation activities, including the development, publication, and dissemination of technical design and construction guidance documents. Generally, there has not been much technical guidance addressing residential buildings unless they are located in areas of high seismicity or exceed a certain size or height. This is because most residential buildings were thought to perform fairly well in earthquakes due to their low mass and simple construction. While buildings may not normally experience catastrophic collapse, they can still suffer significant amounts of damage, rendering them uninhabitable. This is especially true when construction techniques are less than adequate. What is particularly important from FEMA's point of view is that, given the sheer number of this type of building, even minor damage represents a significant loss potential and temporary housing demand that will need to be addressed after an earthquake by all levels of government. This guide provides information on current best practices for earthquake-resistant house design and construction for use by builders, designers, code enforcement personnel, and potential homeowners. It incorporates lessons learned from the 1989 Loma Prieta and 1994 Northridge earthquakes as well as knowledge gained from the FEMA-funded CUREE-Caltech Woodframe Project. It also introduces and explains the effects of earthquake loads on one- and two-family detached houses and identifies the requirements of the 2003 International Residential Code (IRC) intended to resist these loads. The stated purpose of the IRC is to provide: “… minimum requirements to safeguard the public safety, health, and general welfare, through affordability, structural strength, means of egress facilities, stability, sanitation, light and ventilation, energy conservation and safety to life and property from fire and other hazards attributed to the built environment.” Because the building code requirements are minimums, a house and its contents still may be damaged in an earthquake even if it was designed and built to comply with the code. Research has shown, however, that earthquake damage to a house can be reduced for a relatively small increase in construction cost. This guide identifies above-code techniques for improving earthquake performance and presents an estimate of their cost. Note that the information presented in this guide is not intended to replace the IRC or any applicable state or local building code, and the reader is urged to consult with the local building department before applying any of the guidance presented in this document. The information presented in this guide applies only to one- and two-family detached houses constructed using the nonengineered prescriptive construction provisions of the IRC. Applicable IRC limits on building configuration and construction are described.
Author: Eduardo A. Fierro
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 9780788126031
Category : Buildings
Languages : en
Pages : 146
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Book Description
Explains the sources of nonstructural earthquake damage in simple terms, and provides information on effective methods of reducing the potential risks. Intended for a lay audience: building owners, facilities managers, maintenance personnel, store or office managers, corporate/agency department heads, business proprietors, homeowners. Covers: building utility systems (batteries, piping, chillers); architectural elements (stairways, windows, exterior signs); and furniture and contents (library stacks, artwork, stoves, cabinets, etc.). Drawings and photos. Glossary and bibliography.
Author: Federal Emergency Management Agency
Publisher: Government Printing Office
ISBN: 9780160869372
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Book Description
Provides information on FEMA regulations and policy on substantial improvement as it applies to damaged structures.
