Regulations and Functions of P2Y2 and P2X-- Nucleotide Receptors in the Central Nervous System PDF Download
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Author: Qiongman Kong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Adenosine triphosphatase
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
It is well known that ATP acts as a classic neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It is stored in synaptic vesicles, released upon neuronal excitation, and activates both ion channel receptors (P2X) and G protein-coupled receptors (P2Y) on post-synaptic cells. In addition to its role as a neurotransmitter, ATP and other nucleotides are known to be released from injured or ischemic tissue and have been reported to affect inflammatory events in the brain and many other tissues, however, these inflammatory events as well as the subtype(s) of nucleotide receptor(s) influencing these events have not been well defined. This dissertation examines the expression patterns of P2X and P2Y nucleotide receptors in rat primary cultures of cortical neurons (rPCNs), in adult rodent brains, in cerebral ischemia and in collared rabbit carotid arteries. P2Y2R is up-regulated in response to cytokine stimulation in rPCNs in vitro and after collar transplantation around rabbit carotid arteries in vivo. Moreover, in vivo studies in the collared carotid artery model indicate the involvement of P2Y2Rs in the development of intimal hyperplasia. Based on these studies, particular emphasis was placed on delineating the role of the P2Y2 receptor subtype in neuronal inflammation and the P2X-- receptor subtype in neuronal apoptosis in the central nervous system. In the rat primary cultures of cortical neurons, activation of the P2Y2R and P2X--R caused á-secretase-dependent APP processing and caspase8/9/3-dependent apoptosis, respectively. These results suggest the important roles of P2 nucleotide receptors (P2Y2R and P2X--R) and their associated signaling pathways in regulating neuronal inflammation and apoptosis in brain disorders and neurodegeneration.
Author: Qiongman Kong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Adenosine triphosphatase
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
It is well known that ATP acts as a classic neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It is stored in synaptic vesicles, released upon neuronal excitation, and activates both ion channel receptors (P2X) and G protein-coupled receptors (P2Y) on post-synaptic cells. In addition to its role as a neurotransmitter, ATP and other nucleotides are known to be released from injured or ischemic tissue and have been reported to affect inflammatory events in the brain and many other tissues, however, these inflammatory events as well as the subtype(s) of nucleotide receptor(s) influencing these events have not been well defined. This dissertation examines the expression patterns of P2X and P2Y nucleotide receptors in rat primary cultures of cortical neurons (rPCNs), in adult rodent brains, in cerebral ischemia and in collared rabbit carotid arteries. P2Y2R is up-regulated in response to cytokine stimulation in rPCNs in vitro and after collar transplantation around rabbit carotid arteries in vivo. Moreover, in vivo studies in the collared carotid artery model indicate the involvement of P2Y2Rs in the development of intimal hyperplasia. Based on these studies, particular emphasis was placed on delineating the role of the P2Y2 receptor subtype in neuronal inflammation and the P2X-- receptor subtype in neuronal apoptosis in the central nervous system. In the rat primary cultures of cortical neurons, activation of the P2Y2R and P2X--R caused á-secretase-dependent APP processing and caspase8/9/3-dependent apoptosis, respectively. These results suggest the important roles of P2 nucleotide receptors (P2Y2R and P2X--R) and their associated signaling pathways in regulating neuronal inflammation and apoptosis in brain disorders and neurodegeneration.
Author: Constance N. Wilson
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540896155
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 656
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Book Description
Since their discovery approximately 25 years ago, adenosine receptors have now emerged as important novel molecular targets in disease and drug discovery. These proteins play important roles in the entire spectrum of disease from inflammation to immune suppression. Because of their expression on a number of different cell types and in a number of different organ systems they play important roles in specific diseases, including asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, heart disease, stroke, cancer, sepsis, and obesity. As a result of intense investigations into understanding the molecular structures and pharmacology of these proteins, new molecules have been synthesized that have high specificity for these proteins and are now entering clinical trials. These molecules will define the next new classes of drugs for a number of diseases with unmet medical needs.
Author: Abel Lajtha
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Neurochemistry
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123855330
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 558
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Book Description
This is an overview of the fast-moving field of purinergic signalling through adenosine and ATP receptors. - Authors are the leading authorities in their fields - Subject matter is important for understanding tissue protection - Subject matter is of intense interest for new drug development
Author: John T. Turner
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461218004
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 439
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Book Description
A state-of-the-art summary from leading laboratories around the world of our current knowledge of the molecular biology, the physiology, and the pharmacology of the P2 receptors. The authoritative contributions cover the major aspects of these receptors, describing the relationships between physiological and pharmacological effects of ATP and other nucleotides and the various cloned P2 receptors, as well as providing an historical perspective and discussing current issues of nomenclature. They also illuminate how P2 receptor structures contribute to their function, including the physical differences underlying the pharmacological and functional variations among P2 receptor subtypes.
Author: Robson Faria
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1789845343
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 112
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Book Description
This book aims to provide a brief update on the functions of purinergic receptors in various systems, in addition to the signaling pathway activated to mediate these functions. We address the influence of hypoxia by modulating the activity of these receptors under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Additionally, we describe the mechanisms of induction of pain and inflammation in different systems. Finally, the book discusses some of the main bioinformatics tools currently used to improve or discover new prototypes capable of selectively acting on these receptors with estimated parameters of satisfactory solubility and toxicity for possible commercial implementation.
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080585108
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 477
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Book Description
Current Topics in Membranes
Author: Ruth Heidelberger
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080920837
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 654
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Book Description
An understanding of the nervous system at virtually any level of analysis requires an understanding of its basic building block, the neuron. From Molecules to Networks provides the solid foundation of the morphologic, biochemical, and biophysical properties of nerve cells. All chapters have been thoroughly revised for this second edition to reflect the significant advances of the past 5 years. The new edition expands on the network aspects of cellular neurobiology by adding a new chapter, Information Processing in Neural Networks, and on the relation of cell biological processes to various neurological diseases. The new concluding chapter illustrates how the great strides in understanding the biochemical and biophysical properties of nerve cells have led to fundamental insights into important aspects of neurodegenerative disease. - Written and edited by leading experts in the field, the second edition completely and comprehensively updates all chapters of this unique textbook - Discusses emerging new understanding of non-classical molecules that affect neuronal signaling - Full colour, professional graphics throughout - Includes two new chapters: Information Processing in Neural Networks - describes the principles of operation of neural networks and the key circuit motifs that are common to many networks in the nervous system. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Disease - introduces the progress made in the last 20 years in elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying brain disorders, including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson disease, and Alzheimer's disease
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128239255
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 454
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Book Description
Ion Channels, Part C, Volume 653 in the Methods in Enzymology series, highlights new advances in the field with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of topics, including Nonsense suppression in ion channels, Engineering Ion Channels Using Protein Trans-splicing, Probing Ion Channel Neighborhoods Using APEX, STX based probes for NaVs, ANAP: a versatile, fluorescent probe of ion channel gating and regulation, High Throughput Screens for Small Molecule Ion Channel Modulators, Using toxins to study ion channels, Re/de-constructing ubiquitin regulation of ion channels, Tethered Peptide Toxins for Ion Channels, Voltage-Sensing Phosphatase Molecular Engineering, and more. Additional chapters cover Engineering excitable cells, Stretch and Poke Stimulation of Mechanically-Activated Ion Channels, Optical Control of STIM Channels, High Throughput Electrophysiological Evaluation of Mutant Ion Channels, Evaluating BEST1 Mutations in RPE Stem Cells, Long Read Transcript Profiling of Ion Channel Splice Variants, Permeation of Connexin Channels, Ratiometric pH indicator for melanosomes and lysosomes, and Ion channels in the epithelial cells of the choroid plexus. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Methods in Enzymology series
Author: Jolanta Barańska
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030306518
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 311
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Book Description
Gliomas, developing in the brain from the transformed glial cells, are a very special kind of tumor, extremely refractory to conventional treatments. Therefore, for the development of new antitumor strategies, a better understanding of molecular mechanisms responsible for their biology, growth and invasion is still needed. This book is a reference on cellular signaling processes regulating gliomas physiology and invasiveness. The work is focused on the mechanism of nucleotide receptor activation by exogenous nucleotides and formation of complex signaling cascades induced by growth factors, cytokines and cannabinoids. The second edition of the book enriched in new chapters provides a framework explaining how signal transduction elements may modulate numerous genetic and epigenetic alterations, describes the role of local microenvironment in cellular growth, progression and invasion and, in the light of extensive new results, presents perspectives concerning potential targets for gliomas therapy.
