Regenerable Sorbent Technique for Capturing CO.sub. 2 Using Immobilized Amine Sorbents PDF Download
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Languages : en
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Book Description
The disclosure provides a CO.sub. 2 absorption method using an amine-based solid sorbent for the removal of carbon dioxide from a gas stream. The method disclosed mitigates the impact of water loading on regeneration by utilizing a conditioner following the steam regeneration process, providing for a water loading on the amine-based solid sorbent following CO.sub. 2 absorption substantially equivalent to the moisture loading of the regeneration process. This assists in optimizing the CO.sub. 2 removal capacity of the amine-based solid sorbent for a given absorption and regeneration reactor size. Management of the water loading in this manner allows regeneration reactor operation with significant mitigation of energy losses incurred by the necessary desorption of adsorbed water.
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Languages : en
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Book Description
The disclosure provides a CO.sub. 2 absorption method using an amine-based solid sorbent for the removal of carbon dioxide from a gas stream. The method disclosed mitigates the impact of water loading on regeneration by utilizing a conditioner following the steam regeneration process, providing for a water loading on the amine-based solid sorbent following CO.sub. 2 absorption substantially equivalent to the moisture loading of the regeneration process. This assists in optimizing the CO.sub. 2 removal capacity of the amine-based solid sorbent for a given absorption and regeneration reactor size. Management of the water loading in this manner allows regeneration reactor operation with significant mitigation of energy losses incurred by the necessary desorption of adsorbed water.
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Languages : en
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A method is provided for making low-cost CO.sub. 2 sorbents that can be used in large-scale gas-solid processes. The improved method entails treating an amine to increase the number of secondary amine groups and impregnating the amine in a porous solid support. The method increases the CO.sub. 2 capture capacity and decreases the cost of utilizing an amine-enriched solid sorbent in CO.sub. 2 capture systems.
Author: Nikhil Mittal
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Amines
Languages : en
Pages : 146
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Book Description
This work is divided into two parts: (1) Synthesis of amine functionalized adsorbents using grafting technique for post-combustion CO[subscript 2] capture, (2) Performance evaluation of structured bed configuration with straight gas flow channels using amine impregnated adsorbent for post-combustion CO[subscript 2] capture. Brief description of each part is given below: (1)N-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)diethylenetriamine (DAEAPTS) grafted SBA-15 adsorbents were synthesized for CO[subscript 2] capture. The adsorption of CO[subscript 2] on the amine-grafted sorbents was measured by thermogravimetric method over a CO[subscript 2] partial pressure range of 8-101.3 kPa and a temperature range of 25-105 °C under atmospheric pressure. The optimal amine loaded SBA-15 adsorbent was examined for multi-cycle stability and adsorption/desorption kinetics. (2)The performance of structured bed and packed bed configurations for post-combustion CO[subscript 2] capture was evaluated using PEI impregnated SBA-15 adsorbent. The effect of adsorption temperature (25-90 °C), adsorption /desorption kinetics and multi-cycle stability was studied in both structured and packed bed configurations.
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Languages : en
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The solid amine sorbent for CO2 capture process has advantages of simplicity and low operating cost compared to the MEA (monoethanolamine) process. Solid amine sorbents reported so far suffered from either low CO2 capture capacity or low stability in the flue gas environment. This project is aimed at developing a SO2-resistant solid amine sorbent for capturing CO2 from coal-fired power plants with SCR/FGD which emits SO2 ranging from 15 to 30 ppm and NO ranging from 5 to 10 ppm. The amine sorbent we developed in a previous project degraded rapidly with 65% decrease in the initial capture capacity in presence of 1% SO2. This amine sorbent was further modified by coating with polyethyleneglycol (PEG) to increase the SO2-resistance. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was found to decrease the SO2-amine interaction, resulting in the decrease in the maximum SO desorption temperature (Tmax) of amine sorbent. The PEG-coated amine sorbent exhibited higher stability with only 40% decrease in the initial capture capacity compared to un-coated amine sorbents. The cost of the solid amine sorbent developed in this project is estimated to be less than $7.00/lb; the sorbent exhibited CO2 capture capacity more than 2.3 mmol/g. The results of this study provided the scientific basis for further development of SO2-resistant sorbents.
Author: Sihan Wang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Carbon sequestration
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Over loading of CO2 emission has been a severe environment problem and the fact of greenhouse issue has become a huge impact to our daily life. The largest and inevitable emission of CO2 gas is the coal-fired power plant, and the most commonly used CO2 capture sorbent is liquid amine. However, there are lots of inconvenience of using liquid amine including equipment corrosion, high regeneration energy and slow diffusion of the CO2 gas, which would cost the capture procedure a huge amount of expense. Nevertheless, the solid sorbent is in face of the issue that the capture capacities and SO2 resistance is really low. So in this research, the modified amine-functionalized solid sorbents for CO2 adsorption and SO2 resistance have been created. The problem of lower CO2 capture capacity was modified by double impregnation, and the issue of lower heat transfer rate was improved by adding heat transfer agent during pelletization. The characterization of the sorbent and pellets capture behavior was done by CO2 capture weight method and in-situ DRIFT spectra, and the SO2 resistance behavior has also been discussed with EDS mapping and quantification.
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Languages : en
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Book Description
A method for the separation of carbon dioxide from ambient air and flue gases is provided wherein a phase separating moiety with a second moiety are simultaneously coupled and bonded onto an inert substrate to create a mixture which is subsequently contacted with flue gases or ambient air. The phase-separating moiety is an amine whereas the second moiety is an aminosilane, or a Group 4 propoxide such as titanium (IV) propoxide (tetrapropyl orthotitanate, C.sub. 12H.sub. 28O.sub. 4Ti). The second moiety makes the phase-separating moiety insoluble in the pores of the inert substrate. The new sorbents have a high carbon dioxide loading capacity and considerable stability over hundreds of cycles. The synthesis method is readily scalable for commercial and industrial production.
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Languages : en
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Book Description
Post combustion CO2 capture is most commonly carried out using an amine solution that results in a high parasitic energy cost in the stripper unit due to the need to heat the water which comprises a majority of the amine solution. It is also well known that amine solvents suffer from stability issues due to amine leaching and poisoning by flue gas impurities. Solid sorbents provide an alternative to solvent systems that would potentially reduce the energy penalty of carbon capture. However, the cost of using a particular sorbent is greatly affected by the usable lifetime of the sorbent. This work investigated the stability of a primary amine-functionalized ion exchange resin in the presence of O2 and SO2, both of which are constituents of flue gas that have been shown to cause degradation of various amines in solvent processes. The CO2 capture capacity was measured over multiple capture cycles under continuous exposure to two simulated flue gas streams, one containing 12 vol% CO2, 4% O2, 84% N2, and the other containing 12.5 vol% CO2, 4% O2, 431 ppm SO2, balance N2 using a custom-built packed bed reactor. The resin maintained its CO2 capture capacity of 1.31 mol/kg over 17 capture cycles in the presence of O2 without SO2. However, the CO2 capture capacity of the resin decreased rapidly under exposure to SO2 by an amount of 1.3 mol/kg over 9 capture cycles. Elemental analysis revealed the resin adsorbed 1.0 mol/kg of SO2. Thermal regeneration was determined to not be possible. The poisoned resin was, however, partially regenerated with exposure to 1.5M NaOH for 3 days resulting in a 43% removal of sulfur, determined through elemental analysis, and a 35% recovery of CO2 capture capacity. Evidence was also found for amine loss upon prolonged (7 days) continuous exposure to high temperatures (120 C) in air. It is concluded that desulfurization of the flue gas stream prior to CO2 capture will greatly improve the economic viability of using this solid sorbent in a post-combustion CO2 capture process.
Author: Shin-ichi Nakao
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030188582
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 83
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Book Description
This book summarises the advanced CO2 capture technologies that can be used to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, especially those from large-scale sources, such as power-generation and steel-making plants. Focusing on the fundamental chemistry and chemical processes, as well as advanced technologies, including absorption and adsorption, it also discusses other aspects of the major CO2 capture methods: membrane separation; the basic chemistry and process for CO2 capture; the development of materials and processes; and practical applications, based on the authors’ R&D experience. This book serves as a valuable reference resource for researchers, teachers and students interested in CO2 problems, providing essential information on how to capture CO2 from various types of gases efficiently. It is also of interest to practitioners and academics, as it discusses the performance of the latest technologies applied in large-scale emission sources.
Author: Hui Jiang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Amines
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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Book Description
Amine-functionalized solid adsorbents have gained attention within the last decade for their application in carbon dioxide capture, due to their many advantages such as low energy cost for regeneration, tunable structure, elimination of corrosion problems, and additional advantages. However, one of the challenges facing this technology is to accomplish both high CO2 capture capacity along with high CO2 diffusion rates concurrently. Current amine-based solid sorbents such as porous materials similar to SBA-15 have large pores diffusion entering molecules; however, the pores become clogged upon amine inclusion. To meet this challenge, our group's solution involves the creation of a new type of material which we are calling-amino-pillared nanosheet (APN) adsorbents which are generated from layered nanosheet precursors. These materials are being proposed because of their unique lamellar structure which exhibits ability to be modified by organic or inorganic pillars through consecutive swelling and pillaring steps to form large mesoporous interlayer spaces. After the expansion of the layer space through swelling and pillaring, the large pore space can be functionalized with amine groups. This selective functionalization is possible by the choice of amine group introduced. Our choice, large amine molecules, do not access the micropore within each layer; however, either physically or chemically immobilized onto the surface of the mesoporous interlayer space between each layer. The final goal of the research is to investigate the ability to prepare APN adsorbents from a model nanoporous layered materials including nanosheets precursor material MCM-22(P) and nanoporous layered silicate material AMH-3. MCM-22(P) contains 2-dimensional porous channels, 6 membered rings (MB) openings perpendicular to the layers and 10 MB channels in the plane of the layers.1 However, the transport limiting openings (6 MB) to the layers is smaller than CO2 gas molecules.2,3 In contrast, AMH-3 has 3D microporous layers with 8 MB openings in the plane of the layers, as well as perpendicular to the layers, which are larger than CO2 molecules. Based on the structure differences between nanosheets precursor material MCM-22(P) and nanoporous layered silicate material AMH-3, the latter might be more suitable for CO2 capturer application as an APN candidate material. However, none of the assumptions above have been approved experimentally. In this study, the influence of the amine loading on adsorption capacity and kinetics of adsorption for the mixed porosity material pillared MCM-22 (P) (also called MCM-36) is studied systematically, in order to determine a potential route to achieve a final material with both high amine loading and high adsorption capacity. We first synthesized MCM-22(P), followed by swelling and pillaring to create MCM-36. Polymeric amines such as polyethylenimine (PEI) are used as an organic component of the supported amine adsorbents, with varying polymer loadings within the adsorbents used. The kinetics and diffusion properties of carbon dioxide capture on a MCM-36 pillared material impregnated with amine containing Polyethylenimine polymers has been investigated. It was determined that the introduction of amine polymer cannot be used to improve the capture capacity of the support over that of the bare material, due to the fact that with the addition of a high loading of amine polymer the large pore diffusion channels become impossible for carbon dioxide molecules to diffuse through. This sets an upper limit to the capture capacity of polymer impregnated MCM-36 for carbon dioxide which does not surpass that for the initial bare material, and greatly reduces the utility of using this sort of amine-solid adsorbent for carbon capture plans in the future.
Author: Inamuddin
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030728773
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 354
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Book Description
This edited book provides an in-depth overview of carbon dioxide (CO2) transformations to sustainable power technologies. It also discusses the wide scope of issues in engineering avenues, key designs, device fabrication, characterizations, various types of conversions and related topics. It includes studies focusing on the applications in catalysis, energy conversion and conversion technologies, etc. This is a unique reference guide, and one of the detailed works is on this technology. The book is the result of commitments by leading researchers from various backgrounds and expertise. The book is well structured and is an essential resource for scientists, undergraduate, postgraduate students, faculty, R&D professionals, energy chemists and industrial experts.
